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| 1 | LAGFD-WAM numerical wave model-Ⅰ. Basic physical model显示文摘The LAGFD-WAM wave model is a third generation wave model. In the present paper the physical aspect of the model was shown in great detail including energy spectrum balance equation, complicated characteristics equations and source functions. | Yuan Yeli, Hua Feng, Pan Zengdi Sun Letao First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266003, China | 1991 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1991，10，4： | 46 |
| 2 | The Uplift of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Subsidence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin显示文摘Based on fission track dating of apatite, and measurement of vitrinite reflectance of rock samples from the Longmenshan (Longmen Mountain)area and the West Sichuan foreland basin and computer modelling it is concluded that (l)the Songpan-Garze fold belt has uplifted at least by 3-4 km with an uplift rate of no less than 0.3-0.4 mm/a since 10 Ma B.P.; (2) the Longmenshan thrust nappe belt has uplifted at least by 5-6 km with an uplift rate of more than 0.5- 0.6 mm /a since 10 Ma B.P.; (3) the Longmenshan detachment belt has uplifted by 1 - 2 km at a rate of 0.016-0.032 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (4) the West Sichuan foreland basin has uplifted by 1.7-3 km at a rate of 0.028-0.05 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (5) the uplift rate of the area on the west side of the Beichuan-Yingxiu-Xiaoguanzi fault for the last 10 Ma is 40 times as much as that on its east side; (6) the uplifting of the the Songpan - Garze fold belt and the subsidence of the West Sichuan foreland basin 60 Ma ago exhibit a mirro-image correlation, i. | Liu Shugen, Luo Zhili, Dai Sulan, Changlu Institute of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDennis Arne Dalhousie U niversity, Canadaand C.J.L. Wilson Melbourne U niversity, Australia Jiang M inxi | 1996 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)1996，70，1： | 21 |
| 3 | A Survey of Testing for 5G:Solutions,Opportunities,and Challenges显示文摘With the development of wireless communication technology,the fifth generation mobile communications system(5 G) emerges at a historic moment and devotes itself to open the curtain of the information age.Recently,in order to satisfy the requirement of different applications,various advanced 5 G technologies have been developed in full swing.However,before applying these 5 G related technologies in practical systems,effective testing methods are needed to evaluate these technologies in a real,comprehensive,rapid and flexible manner.However,the testing methods are faced with new challenges along with the continuous development of the new 5 G technologies.In this paper,we present a survey of 5 G testing,including solutions and opportunities.In particular,two cases are considered,i.e.,channel modelling and overthe-air(OTA) testing of antenna systems.Specifically,a non-stationary channel model is proposed to characterize and test massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) channel.In addition,we propose two probe subset selection algorithms for three-dimensional(3 D) OTA testing,which minimizes the number of probe antennas while ensuring the accuracy of the target channel emulation.Finally,future research directions and challenges on 5 G testing are given. | Ping Zhang Xiaoli Yang Jianqiao Chen Yuzhen Huang | 2019 | China Communications2019，16，1： | 21 |
| 4 | Application of polyurethane geocomposites to help maintain track geometry for high-speed ballasted railway tracks显示文摘There are many issues surrounding the performance of critical assets on high-speed ballasted railway lines.At assets like switch & crossings and bridge transitions high track forces can be produced resulting in higher ballast settlements and hence track misalignments.The latter result in higher track forces and hence more settlement,leading to the need for increased track maintenance to ensure comfort and safety.Current technologies for solving issues like ballast movement under high-speed loading regimes are limited.However,a technique that has been well used across the UK and now increasingly overseas to stabilise and reinforce ballasted railway tracks is the application of in-situ polyurethane polymers,termed XiTRACK.This paper discusses how this technique can be used to solve these types of long-standing issues and presents actual polymer application profiles at two typical critical sites,namely a junction and a transition onto concrete slab-track. | Peter Keith WOODWARD Abdellah EL KACIMI Omar LAGHROUCHE Gabriela MEDERO Meysam BANIMAHD | 2012 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2012，13，11： | 20 |
| 5 | Fracture development around deep underground excavations: Insights from FDEM modelling显示文摘Over the past twenty years, there has been a growing interest in the development of numerical models that can realistically capture the progressive failure of rock masses. In particular, the investigation of damage development around underground excavations represents a key issue in several rock engineering applications, including tunnelling, mining, drilling, hydroelectric power generation, and the deep geological disposal of nuclear waste. The goal of this paper is to show the effectiveness of a hybrid finitediscrete element method(FDEM) code to simulate the fracturing mechanisms associated with the excavation of underground openings in brittle rock formations. A brief review of the current state-of-theart modelling approaches is initially provided, including the description of selecting continuum- and discontinuum-based techniques. Then, the influence of a number of factors, including mechanical and in situ stress anisotropy, as well as excavation geometry, on the simulated damage is analysed for three different geomechanical scenarios. Firstly, the fracture nucleation and growth process under isotropic rock mass conditions is simulated for a circular shaft. Secondly, the influence of mechanical anisotropy on the development of an excavation damaged zone(EDZ) around a tunnel excavated in a layered rock formation is considered. Finally, the interaction mechanisms between two large caverns of an underground hydroelectric power station are investigated, with particular emphasis on the rock mass response sensitivity to the pillar width and excavation sequence. Overall, the numerical results indicate that FDEM simulations can provide unique geomechanical insights in cases where an explicit consideration of fracture and fragmentation processes is of paramount importance. | Andrea Lisjak Daniel Figi Giovanni Grasselli | 2014 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2014，6，6： | 20 |
| 6 | Probabilistic stability analyses of undrained slopes by 3D random fields and finite element methods显示文摘A long slope consisting of spatially random soils is a common geographical feature. This paper examined the necessity of three-dimensional(3 D) analysis when dealing with slope with full randomness in soil properties. Although 3 D random finite element analysis can well reflect the spatial variability of soil properties, it is often time-consuming for probabilistic stability analysis. For this reason, we also examined the least advantageous(or most pessimistic) cross-section of the studied slope. The concept of'most pessimistic' refers to the minimal cross-sectional average of undrained shear strength. The selection of the most pessimistic section is achievable by simulating the undrained shear strength as a 3 D random field. Random finite element analysis results suggest that two-dimensional(2 D) plane strain analysis based the most pessimistic cross-section generally provides a more conservative result than the corresponding full 3 D analysis. The level of conservativeness is around 15% on average. This result may have engineering implications for slope design where computationally tractable 2 D analyses based on the procedure proposed in this study could ensure conservative results. | Yong Liu Wengang Zhang Lei Zhang Zhiren Zhu Jun Hu Hong Wei | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，6： | 17 |
| 7 | Development of tuneable effects warheads显示文摘The tuneable effects concept is aimed at achieving selectable blast and fragmentation output,to enable one charge to be used in different scenarios requiring different levels of blast and fragmentation lethality.It is a concept Qineti Q has been developing for an energetic fill consisting of three principal components arranged in co-axial layers,two explosive layers separated by a mitigating but reactive layer.The concept was originally designed to operate in two modes,a low output mode which only detonates the central core of high explosive and a high output mode which detonated both the central core and outer layer of the explosive.Two charge case designs where manufactured and tested;one of these designs showed a reduction in blast and fragment velocities of^33%and^20%,respectively,in the low output mode. | Mark REYNOLDS William HUNTINGTON-THRESHER | 2016 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2016，12，3： | 13 |
| 8 | How do machine learning techniques help in increasing accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps?显示文摘Landslides are abundant in mountainous regions.They are responsible for substantial damages and losses in those areas.The A1 Highway,which is an important road in Algeria,was sometimes constructed in mountainous and/or semi-mountainous areas.Previous studies of landslide susceptibility mapping conducted near this road using statistical and expert methods have yielded ordinary results.In this research,we are interested in how do machine learning techniques help in increasing accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps in the vicinity of the A1 Highway corridor.To do this,an important section at Ain Bouziane(NE,Algeria) is chosen as a case study to evaluate the landslide susceptibility using three different machine learning methods,namely,random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),and boosted regression tree(BRT).First,an inventory map and nine input factors were prepared for landslide susceptibility mapping(LSM) analyses.The three models were constructed to find the most susceptible areas to this phenomenon.The results were assessed by calculating the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve,the standard error(Std.error),and the confidence interval(CI) at 95%.The RF model reached the highest predictive accuracy(AUC=97.2%) comparatively to the other models.The outcomes of this research proved that the obtained machine learning models had the ability to predict future landslide locations in this important road section.In addition,their application gives an improvement of the accuracy of LSMs near the road corridor.The machine learning models may become an important prediction tool that will identify landslide alleviation actions. | Yacine Achour Hamid Reza Pourghasemi | 2020 | Geoscience Frontiers2020，11，3： | 11 |
| 9 | Modelling and mapping soil erosion potential in China显示文摘Soil erosion is an important environmental threat in China.However,quantitative estimates of soil erosion in China have rarely been reported in the literature.In this study,soil loss potential in China was estimated by integrating satellite images,field samples,and ground observations based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE).The rainfall erosivity factor was estimated from merged rainfall data using Collocated CoKriging(ColCOK)and downscaled by geographically weighted regression(GWR).The Random Forest(RF)regression approach was used as a tool for understanding and predicting the relationship between the soil erodibility factor and a set of environment factors.Our results show that the average erosion rate in China is 1.44 t ha^(–1) yr^(–1).More than 60%of the territory in China is influenced by soil erosion limitedly,with an average potential erosion rate less than 0.1 t ha^(–1) yr^(–1).Other unused land and other forested woodlands showed the highest erosion risk.Our estimates are comparable to those of runoff plot studies.Our results provide a useful tool for soil loss assessments and ecological environment protections. | TENG Hong-fen HU Jie ZHOU Yue ZHOU Lian-qing SHI Zhou | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，2： | 11 |
| 10 | Modelling and simulation of flight control electromechanical actuators with special focus on model architecting, multidisciplinary effects and power flows显示文摘In the aerospace field, electromechanical actuators are increasingly being implemented in place of conventional hydraulic actuators. For safety-critical embedded actuation applications like flight controls, the use of electromechanical actuators introduces specific issues related to thermal balance, reflected inertia, parasitic motion due to compliance and response to failure. Unfortunately, the physical effects governing the actuator behaviour are multidisciplinary, coupled and nonlinear. Although numerous multi-domain and system-level simulation packages are now available on the market, these effects are rarely addressed as a whole because of a lack of scientific approaches for model architecting, multi-purpose incremental modelling and judicious model implementation. In this publication, virtual prototyping of electromechanical actuators is addressed using the Bond-Graph formalism. New approaches are proposed to enable incremental modelling,thermal balance analysis, response to free-run or jamming faults, impact of compliance on parasitic motion, and influence of temperature. A special focus is placed on friction and compliance of the mechanical transmission with fault injection and temperature dependence. Aileron actuation is used to highlight the proposals for control design, energy consumption and thermal analysis, power network pollution analysis and fault response. | Fu Jian Jean-Charles Maré Fu Yongling | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2017，30，1： | 11 |
| 11 | A brief review on key technologies in the battery management system of electric vehicles显示文摘Batteries have been widely applied in many high-power applications,such as electric vehicles(EVs)and hybrid electric vehicles,where a suitable battery management system(BMS)is vital in ensuring safe and reliable operation of batteries.This paper aims to give a brief review on several key technologies of BMS,including battery modelling,state estimation and battery charging.First,popular battery types used in EVs are surveyed,followed by the introduction of key technologies used in BMS.Various battery models,including the electric model,thermal model and coupled electro-thermal model are reviewed.Then,battery state estimations for the state of charge,state of health and internal temperature are comprehensively surveyed.Finally,several key and traditional battery charging approaches with associated optimization methods are discussed. | Kailong LIU Kang LI Qiao PENG Cheng ZHANG | 2019 | Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering2019，14，1： | 10 |
| 12 | Numerical investigation into the effect of backfilling on coal pillar strength in highwall mining显示文摘This paper attempts to quantify the effect of backfilling on pillar strength in highwall mining using numerical modelling. Calibration against the new empirical strength formula for highwall mining was conducted to obtain the material parameters used in the numerical modelling. With the obtained coal strength parameters, three sets of backfill properties were investigated. The results reveal that the behavior of pillars varies with the type and amount of backfill as well as the pillar width to mining height ratio(w/h). In case of cohesive backfill, generally 75% backfill shows a significant increase in peak strength, and the increase in peak strength is more pronounced for the pillars having lower w/h ratios. In case of noncohesive backfill, the changes in both the peak and residual strengths with up to 92% backfill are negligible while the residual strength constantly increases after reaching the peak strength only when 100%backfill is placed. Based on the modelling results, different backfilling strategies should be considered on a case by case basis depending on the type of backfill available and desired pillar dimension. | Mo S. Canbulat I. Zhang C. Oh J. Shen B. Hagan P. | 2018 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2018，28，2： | 9 |
| 13 | A study of the load transfer behavior of fully grouted rock bolts with analytical modelling显示文摘Fully grouted rock bolts have been used in mining industry for many years.Much research has been conducted to evaluate the load transfer behavior of fully grouted rock bolts with experimental programs.However,compared with that,less work has been conducted with analytical modelling.Therefore,in this paper,the authors used an analytical model to study the load transfer behavior of fully grouted rock bolts.To confirm the credibility of this analytical model,an in-situ pull-out test was used to validate this model.There was a close match between the experimental result and the analytical result.Following it,a parametric study was conducted with this analytical model.The influence of coefficients,Young’s modulus of the rock bolt and the diameter of the rock bolt on the load transfer performance of rock bolts was studied.Furthermore,the load distribution along the fully grouted rock bolt was analytically studied.The results show that the axial load in the rock bolt decayed from the loaded end to the free end independent of the pull-out load.However,the trend of the load distribution curve was influenced by the pull-out load.This paper was beneficial for better understanding the load transfer mechanism of fully grouted rock bolts. | Jianhang Chen Fulian He Shoubao Zhang | 2020 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2020，30，1： | 9 |
| 14 | The effects of different sea surface temperature distributions over the western Pacific on the summer monsoon properties显示文摘A modified and improved primitive equation numerical model with p-sigma incorporated vertical coordinates is used to simulate the effects of different sea surface temperature distributions over the western Pacific on the summer monsoon properties. The different sea surface temperature (SST) distributions are automatically generated in the time integrations by using two different SST models, one of which is called the deep ocean model (DOM) and the other the shallow ocean model (SOM). The SST generated by the DOM has the distribution pattern of the initial SST which is similar to the pattern in the cold water years over the western Pacific, while the SST generated by the SOM has the pattern similar to that in the warm water years. The differences between the experimental results by using DOM and SOM are analyzed in detail. The analyses indicate that the most basic and important characteristics of the summer monsoon climate can be simulated successfully in both experiments, that means the climatic | Qian Yongfu Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China | 1993 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1993，12，4： | 8 |
| 15 | Overhanging rock slope by design:An integrated approach using rock mass strength characterisation,large-scale numerical modelling and limit equilibrium methods显示文摘Overhanging rock slopes(steeper than 90°) are typically avoided in rock engineering design, particularly where the scale of the slope exceeds the scale of fracturing present in the rock mass. This paper highlights an integrated approach of designing overhanging rock slopes where the relative dimensions of the slope exceed the scale of fracturing and the rock mass failure needs to be considered rather than kinematic release of individual blocks. The key to the method is a simplified limit equilibrium(LE) tool that was used for the support design and analysis of a multi-faceted overhanging rock slope. The overhanging slopes required complex geometries with constantly changing orientations. The overhanging rock varied in height from 30 m to 66 m. Geomechanical modelling combined with discrete fracture network(DFN)representation of the rock mass was used to validate the rock mass strength assumptions and the failure mechanism assumed in the LE model. The advantage of the simplified LE method is that buttress and support design iterations(along with sensitivity analysis of design parameters) can be completed for various cross-sections along the proposed overhanging rock sections in an efficient manner, compared to the more time-intensive, sophisticated methods that were used for the initial validation. The method described presents the development of this design tool and assumptions made for a specific overhanging rock slope design. Other locations will have different geological conditions that can control the potential behaviour of rock slopes, however, the approach presented can be applied as a general guiding design principle for overhanging rock cut slope. | Paul Schlotfeldt Davide Elmo Brad Panton | 2018 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2018，10，1： | 8 |
| 16 | Integral Recrystallization Modelling显示文摘We present models designed to represent the evolution of microstructure and crystallographic texture during recrystallization. For engineering applications the models are tied to a finite element approach. A connection to the deformed microstructure is established by dislocation theory of work hardening and Taylor type texture simulations. For temporal and spatial resolution a modified cellular automaton model was developed. A fast statistical approach for prediction of recrystallization kinetics and texture development discrete in time is presented. Predictions of the models are compared with experimental data. | G. Gottstein, V. Marx, R. Sebald Institut furr Metallkunde und Metallphysik, RWTH Aachen, 52056 Aachen, Germany | 2000 | Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science)2000，5，1： | 7 |
| 17 | Rock-soil slope stability analysis by two-phase random media and finite elements显示文摘To investigate the strong random nature of the geometric interfaces between soil and rock, a rock-soil slope is considered as a two-phase random medium. A nonlinear translation of a Gaussian field is utilized to simulate the two-phase random media, such that the soil(or rock) volume fraction and the inclination of the soil layer can be examined. The finite element method with random media incorporated as the material properties is used to determine the factor of safety of the rock-soil slope. Monte-Carlo simulations are used to estimate the statistical characteristics of the factor of safety. The failure mode of the rock-soil slope is examined by observing the maximum principal plastic strain at incipient slope failure. It is found that the critical surface of a rock-soil slope is fairly irregular, and it significantly differs from that of a pure soil slope. The factor of safety is sensitive to the soil volume faction, but it is predictable. The average factor of safety could be well predicted by the weighted harmonic average between the strength of soil and rock; the prediction model is practical and simple. Parametric studies on the inclination of the soil layer demonstrate that the most instable scenario occurs when the slope angle is consistent with the inclination of the soil layer. | Yong Liu Huawen Xiao Kai Yao Jun Hu Hong Wei | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，6： | 7 |
| 18 | Resilience based importance measure analysis for SoS显示文摘In a system of systems(SoS),resilience is an important factor in maintaining the functionality,stability,and enhancing the operation effectiveness.From the perspective of resilience,this paper studies the importance of the SoS,and a resilience-based importance measure analysis is conducted to provide suggestions in the design and optimization of the structure of the SoS.In this paper,the components of the SoS are simplified as four kinds of network nodes:sensor,decision point,influencer,and target.In this networked SoS,the number of operation loops is used as the performance indicator,and an approximate algorithm,which is based on eigenvalue of the adjacency matrix,is proposed to calculate the number of operation loops.In order to understand the performance change of the SoS during the attack and defense process in the operations,an integral resilience model is proposed to depict the resilience of the SoS.From different perspectives of enhancing the resilience,different measures,parameters and the corresponding algorithms for the resilience importance of components are proposed.Finally,a case study on an SoS is conducted to verify the validity of the network modelling and the resiliencebased importance analysis method. | PAN Xing WANG Huixiong YANG Yanjing ZHANG Guozhong | 2019 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2019，30，5： | 7 |
| 19 | Rescue of premature aging defects in Cockayne syndrome stem cells by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene correction显示文摘Cockayne syndrome(CS)is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by a variety of clinical features,including increased sensitivity to sunlight,progressive neurological abnormalities,and the appearance of premature aging.However,the pathogenesis of CS remains unclear due to the limitations of current disease models.Here,we generate integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)from fibroblasts from a CS patient bearing mutations in CSB/ERCC6 gene and further derive isogenic genecorrected CS-iPSCs(GC-iPSCs)using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.CS-associated phenotypic defects are recapitulated in CS-iPSC-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and neural stem cells(NSCs),both of which display increased susceptibility to DNA damage stress.Premature aging defects in CS-MSCs are rescued by the targeted correction of mutant ERCC6.We next map the transcriptomic landscapes in CS-iPSCs and GC-iPSCs and their somatic stem cell derivatives(MSCs and NSCs)in the absence or presence of ultraviolet(UV)and replicative stresses,revealing that defects in DNA repair account for CS pathologies.Moreover,we generate autologous GC-MSCs free of pathogenic mutation under a cGMP(Current Good Manufacturing Practice)-compliant condition,which hold potential for use as improved biomaterials for future stem cell replacement therapy for CS.Collectively,our models demonstrate novel disease features and molecular mechanisms and lay a foundation for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat CS. | Si Wang Zheying Min Qianzhao Ji Lingling Geng Yao Su Zunpeng Liu Huifang Hu Lixia Wang Weiqi Zhang Keiichiro Suzuiki Yu Huang Puyao Zhang Tie-Shan Tang Jing Qu Yang Yu Guang-Hui Liu Jie Qiao | 2020 | Protein & Cell2020，11，1： | 7 |
| 20 | Modelling of a Human Driver’s Interaction with Vehicle Automated Steering Using Cooperative Game Theory显示文摘The introduction of automated driving systems raised questions about how the human driver interacts with the automated system. Non-cooperative game theory is increasingly used for modelling and understanding such interaction, while its counterpart, cooperative game theory is rarely discussed for similar applications despite it may be potentially more suitable. This paper describes the modelling of a human driver’s steering interaction with an automated steering system using cooperative game theory. The distributed Model Predictive Control approach is adopted to derive the driver’s and the automated steering system’s strategies in a Pareto equilibrium sense, namely their cooperative Pareto steering strategies. Two separate numerical studies are carried out to study the influence of strategy parameters, and the influence of strategy types on the driver’s and the automated system’s steering performance. It is found that when a driver interacts with an automated steering system using a cooperative Pareto steering strategy, the driver can improve his/her performance in following a target path through increasing his/her effort in pursuing his/her own interest under the driver-automation cooperative control goal. It is also found that a driver’s adoption of cooperative Pareto steering strategy leads to a reinforcement in the driver’s steering angle control, compared to the driver’s adoption of non-cooperative Nash strategy. This in turn enables the vehicle to return from a lane-change maneuver to straight-line driving swifter. | Xiaoxiang Na David J.Cole | 2019 | IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica2019，6，5： | 7 |
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