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Developments in Processing of Functionally Gradient Metals and Metal–Ceramic Composites:A Review

查看全文 作　　者：[1]T.P.D.Rajan;[1]B.C.Pai 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]Materials Science and Technology Division,CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology,Industrial Estate PO高影响力机构 出　　处：《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》索引2014年第27卷第5期,共14页高影响力期刊 摘　　要：Functionally gradient/graded materials(FGMs), an emerging new class of materials, are the outcome of the recent innovative concepts in materials technology. FGMs are in their early stages of evolution and expected to have a strong impact on the design and development of new components and structures with better performance. FGMs exhibit gradual transitions in the microstructure and/or the composition in a specific direction, the presence of which leads to variation in the functional performance within a part. The presence of gradual transitions in material composition in FGMs can reduce or eliminate the deleterious stress concentrations and result in a wide gradation of physical and/or chemical properties within the material. Functionally graded metal–ceramic composites are also getting the attention of the researchers. Among the fabrication routes for FGMs such as chemical vapour deposition, physical vapour deposition, the sol–gel technique, plasma spraying, molten metal infiltration, self propagating high temperature synthesis, spray forming,centrifugal casting, etc., the ones based on solidification route are preferred for FGMs because of their economics and capability to make large size products. The present paper discusses and compares various solidification processing techniques available for the fabrication of functionally gradient metals and metal–ceramic composites and lists their properties and possible applications. The other processing methods are briefly described. 关 键 词：金属陶瓷复合材料 功能梯度材料 加工方法 物理气相沉积 展望 化学气相沉积 微观结构 功能性能
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