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Assessment of habitat suitability of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in Qomolangma National Nature Reserve based on MaxEnt modeling

查看全文 作　　者：De-Feng [1,2]Bai;Peng-Ju [1]Chen;Luciano [1]Atzeni;Lhaba [3]Cering;Qian [2]Li;Kun [1,4]Shi 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]Wildfife Institute, School of Nature Conservation, Beiiing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;[2]Everest Snow Leopard Conservation Center, Rikaze Xizang 857000, China;[3]Qomolangma National Nature Reserve Administration, Rikaze Xizang 857000, China;[4]Eco-Bridge Continental, Beijing 100085, China高影响力机构 出　　处：《Zoological Research》索引2018年第39卷第6期,共14页高影响力期刊 基　　金：funded primarily by the Everest Snow Leopard Conservation Center,a partnership initiative of Vanke Foundation and Qomolangma National Nature Reserve Administration 摘　　要：Habitat evaluation constitutes an important and fundamental step in the management of wildlife populations and conservation policy planning.Geographic information system(GIS) and species presence data provide the means by which such evaluation can be done. Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt)is widely used in habitat suitability modeling due to its power of accuracy and additional descriptive properties.To survey snow leopard populations in Qomolangma(Mt. Everest) National Nature Reserve(QNNR), Xizang(Tibet), China, we pooled 127 pugmarks, 415 scrape marks, and 127 non-invasive identifications of the animal along line transects and recorded 87 occurrences through camera traps from 2014–2017. We adopted the Max Ent model to generate a map highlighting the extent of suitable snow leopard habitat in QNNR. Results showed that the accuracy of the Max Ent model was excellent(mean AUC=0.921). Precipitation in the driest quarter, ruggedness, elevation, maximum temperature of the warmest month, and annual mean temperature were the main environmental factors influencing habitat suitability for snow leopards, with contribution rates of 20.0%, 14.4%, 13.3%, 8.7%, and 8.2% respectively.The suitable habitat area extended for 7 001.93 km^2,representing 22.72% of the whole reserve. The regions bordering Nepal were the main suitable snow leopard habitats and consisted of three separate habitat patches.Our findings revealed that precipitation, temperature conditions, ruggedness, and elevations of around 4000 m a.s.l. influenced snow leopard preferences at the landscape level in QNNR. We advocate further research and cooperation with Nepal to evaluate habitat connectivity and to explore possible proxies of population isolation among these patches. Furthermore,evaluation of subdivisions within the protection zones of QNNR is necessary to improve conservation strategies and enhance protection. 关 键 词：国家自然保护区 适用性 产地 雪豹 评价 建模 地理信息系统 温度条件
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