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The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND):Science and design

查看全文 作　　者：Jaime Alvarez-[1]Muniz;Rafael Alves [2,3]Batista;Aswathi Balagopal [4]V.;Julien [5]Bolmont;Mauricio [6,7,8]Bustamante;Washington Carvalho [9]Jr.;Didier [10]Charrier;Ismael [11,12]Cognard;Valentin [13]Decoene;Peter [6]B.Denton;Sijbrand De [14,15]Jong;Krijn D.De [16]Vries;Ralph [17]Engel;Ke [18,19,20]Fang;Chad [21,22]Finley;Stefano [23]Gabici;Quan Bu [24]Gou;Jun Hua [25]Gu;Claire [13]Guépin;Hong Bo [24]Hu;Yan [25]Huang;Kumiko [13]Kotera;Sandra Le [25]Coz;Jean-Philippe [5]Lenain;Guo Liang [26]Léü;Olivier Martineau-[5,25]Huynh;Miguel [27,28,29]Mostafá;Fabrice [30]Mottez;Kohta [27,28,29]Murase;Valentin [31]Niess;Foteini [32,27,28,29]Oikonomou;Tanguy [17]Pierog;Xiang Li [33]Qian;Bo [25]Qin;Duan [25]Ran;Nicolas Renault-[13]Tinacci;Markus [17]Roth;Frank [34,17]G.Schroder;Fabian [35]Schüssler;Cyril [36]Tasse;Charles [14,15]Timmerman;Matías [37]Tueros;Xiang Ping [38,25]Wu;Philippe [39]Zarka;Andreas [30]Zech;B.Theodore [40,41]Zhang;Jian Li [25]Zhang;Yi [24]Zhang;Qian [42,24]Zheng;Anne [13]Zilles 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]Departamento de Fisica de Particulas&lnstituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias,Universidad de Santiago de Compostela,Santiago de Compostela 15782,Spain;[2]Instituto de Astronomia,Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas,Universidade de Sao Paulo,Sao Paulo-SP 05508-090,Brazil;[3]Department of Physics-Astrophysics,University of Oxford,DWB,Oxford 0X13RH,UK;[4]Institute of Experimental Particle Physics(ETP),Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT),Karlsru he D-76021,Germany;[5]Laboratoire de Physique Nucleeaire et de Hautes Energies(LPNHE),Sorbonne Universite,Universite Paris Diderot,Sorbonne Paris Cite,CNRS;[6]place Jussieu,F-75252,Paris Cedex 5,France;[7]Niels Bohr International Academy and DARK,Niels Bohr Institute,Copenhagen 2100,Denmark;[8]Discovery Center,Niels Bohr Institute,Copenhagen 2100,Denmark;[9]Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics(CCA.PP)&Department of Physics,Ohio State University,Columbus OH 43210,USA;[10]Universidade de Santiago de Compostela,Santiago de Compostela 15782,Spain;[11]0SUBATECH,Institut Mines-Telecom Atlantique-CNRS/IN2P3-Universite de Nantes,Nantes 44300,France;[12]Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de KEnvironnement et de VEspace LPC2E CNRS-Universite d'Orleans,Orleans F-45071,France;[13]Station de Radioastronomie de Nancay,Observatoire de Paris,CNRS/INSU F-18330 Nangay,France;[14]Sorbonne Universite,UMR 7095,Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris,98 bis bd Arago,Paris 75014,France;[15]Institute for Mathematics,Astrophysics and Particle Physics(IMAPP),Radboud Universiteit,Nijmegen 6500,Netherlands;[16]Nationaal Instituut voor Kemfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica(NIKHEF),Amsterdam NL-1009,Netherlands;[17]IIHE/ELEM,Vrije Universiteit Brussel,Pleinlaan 2,Brussels 1050,Belgium;[18]Institute for Nuclear Physics(IKP),Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT),Karlsruhe D-76021,Germany;[19]Einstein Fellow,Stanford University,Stanford CA 94305,USA;[20]Department of Astronomy,University of Maryland,College Park MD 20742-2421,USA;[21]Joint Space-Science Institute,College Park MD 20742-2421,USA;[22]Oskar Klein Centre,Stockholm University,Stockholm SE-10691,Sweden;[23]Department of Physics,Stockholm University,Stockholm SE-10691,Sweden;[24]AstroParticule et Cosmologie(APC),Universite Paris Diderot,CNRS/IN2P3,CEA/Irfu,Observatoire de Paris,Sorbonne Paris Ci忆75006,France;[25]Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;[26]National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;[27]School of Physical Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China;[28]Department of Physics,Pennsylvania State University,University Park PA 16802,USA;[29]Department of Astronomy&Astrophysics,Pennsylvania State University,University Park PA 16802,USA;[30]LUTH,Observatoire de Paris,CNRS,Universite Paris Diderot,PSL Research University,5 place Jules Janssen,Meudon 92190,France;[31]Clermont Universite,Universite Blaise Pascal,CNRS/IN2P3,Lab.de Physique Corpusculaire,Clermond-Ferrand 63000,France;[32]European Southern Observatory,Karl-Schwarzschild-Str.2,Garching bei Miinchen D-85748,Germany;[33]Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shandong Management University,Jinan 250357,China;[34]Barto I Research Institute,Department of Physics and Astronomy,University of Delaware,Newark DE 19716,USA;[35]IRFU,CEA,Universite Paris-Saclay,Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191,France;[36]GEPI,Observatoire de Paris,CNRS,Universite Paris Diderot,5 place Jules Janssen,Meudon F-92190,France;[37]Instituto de Fisica La Plata,CONICET,Boulevard 120 y 63,La Plata 1900,Argentina;[38]Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;[39]LESIA,Observatoire de Paris,CNRS,PSL/SU/UPD/SPC,Place J.Janssen,Meudon 92195,France;[40]Department of Astronomy,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;[41]Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;[42]School of Engineering and Computer Science,Victoria University of Wellington,Wellington 6140,New Zealand高影响力机构 出　　处：《Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)》索引2020年第63卷第1期,共43页高影响力期刊 基　　金：The GRAND project is supported by the APACHE of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche(Grant No.ANR-16-CE31-0001);the FranceChina Particle Physics Laboratory,the China Exchange Program from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences;the Key Projects of Frontier Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SLH022);the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23000000);the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0404601);supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)(Grant No.2017/12828-4);partially supported from National Science Foundation(Grant Nos.PHY-1404311,and PHY-1714479);supported by Danish National Research Foundation(DNRF91);Danmarks Grundforskningsfond(Grant No.1041811001);Villum Fonden(Grant No.13164);Washington Carvalho Jr.is supported by Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)(Grant No.2015/15735-1);supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11375209);supported by the Flemish Foundation for Scientific Research(Grant No.FWO-12L3715N–K.D.de Vries);supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research(NWO);supported by the Key Projects of Frontier Science of Chinese Academy of Sciences,(Grant No.QYZDY-SSWSLH022);the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,(Grant No.XDB23000000);supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11505213);“Data analysis for radio detection array at 21CMA base” 摘　　要：The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection(GRAND)is a planned large-scale observatory of ultra-high-energy(UHE)cosmic particles,with energies exceeding 10~8 Ge V.Its goal is to solve the long-standing mystery of the origin of UHE cosmic rays.To do this,GRAND will detect an unprecedented number of UHE cosmic rays and search for the undiscovered UHE neutrinos and gamma rays associated to them with unmatched sensitivity.GRAND will use large arrays of antennas to detect the radio emission coming from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles in the atmosphere.Its design is modular:20 separate,independent sub-arrays,each of 10000 radio antennas deployed over 10000 km^2.A staged construction plan will validate key detection techniques while achieving important science goals early.Here we present the science goals,detection strategy,preliminary design,performance goals,and construction plans for GRAND. 关 键 词：radio telescopes neutrinos in astronomical observations cosmic rays in astronomical observations radiowave radiation:sources galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays:galactic and extragalactic
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