Geology, environment, and life in the deepest part of the world’s oceans

查看全文 作　　者：Mengran [1]Du;Xiaotong [1]Peng;Haibin [1]Zhang;Cong [2]Ye;Shamik [1]Dasgupta;Jiwei [1]Li;Jiangtao [3]Li;Shuangquan [1]Liu;Hengchao [1]Xu;Chuanxu [1]Chen;Hongmei [1]Jing;Hongzhou [1]Xu;Jun [1]Liu;Shunping [4]He;Lisheng [1]He;Shanya [1]Cai;Shun [1]Chen;Kaiwen [1]Ta

机构地区：[1]Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Sanya 572000,China;[2]China Ship Scientific Research Center,Wuxi 214082,China;[3]State Key Lab of Marine Geology,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;[4]Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China

出　　处：《The Innovation》索引2021年第2卷第2期,共14页

基　　金：This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant nos.2016YFC0300503,2016YFC0300600,2016YFC0304900). 摘　　要：The hadal zone,mostly comprising of deep trenches and constituting of the deepest part of the world’s oceans,represents the least explored habitat but one of the last frontiers on our planet.The present scientific understanding of the hadal environment is still relatively rudimentary,particularly in comparison with that of shallower marine environments.In the last 30 years,continuous efforts have been launched in deepening our knowledge regarding the ecology of the hadal trench.However,the geological and environmental processes that potentially affect the sedimentary,geochemical and biological processes in hadal trenches have received less attention.Here,we review recent advances in the geology,biology,and environment of hadal trenches and offer a perspective of the hadal science involved therein.For the first time,we release highdefinition images taken by a new full-ocean-depth manned submersible Fendouzhe that reveal novel species with an unexpectedly high density,outcrops of mantle and basaltic rocks,and anthropogenic pollutants at the deepest point of the world’s ocean.We advocate that the hydration of the hadal lithosphere is a driving force that influences a variety of sedimentary,geochemical,and biological processes in the hadal trench.Hadal lithosphere might host the Earth’s deepest subsurface microbial ecosystem.Future research,combined with technological advances and international cooperation,should focus on establishing the intrinsic linkage of the geology,biology,and environment of the hadal trenches. 关键词：hadal trench full-ocean-depth manned submersible MARIANA SUBDUCTION marine pollution

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Geology, environment, and life in the deepest part of the world’s oceans

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