Perioperative challenges in management of diabetic patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery

查看全文 作　　者：Ursula [1]Galway;Praveen [2]Chahar;Marc T [3]Schmidt;Jorge A Araujo-[3]Duran;Jeevan [3]Shivakumar;Alparslan [3]Turan;Kurt [3]Ruetzler

机构地区：[1]Department of General Anesthesiology,Anesthesiology Institute,Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,OH 44195,United States;[2]Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation,Anesthesiology Institute,Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,OH 44195,United States;[3]Department of Outcomes Research,Anesthesiology Institute,Cleveland Clinic,Cleveland,OH 44195,United States

出　　处：《World Journal of Diabetes》索引2021年第12卷第8期,共12页

摘　　要：Prediabetes and diabetes are important disease processes which have several perioperative implications.About one third of the United States population is considered to have prediabetes.The prevalence in surgical patients is even higher.This is due to the associated micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes that result in the need for subsequent surgical procedures.A careful preoperative evaluation of diabetic patients and patients at risk for prediabetes is essential to reduce perioperative mortality and morbidity.This preoperative evaluation involves an optimization of preoperative comorbidities.It also includes optimization of antidiabetic medication regimens,as the avoidance of unintentional hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes during the perioperative period is crucial.The focus of the perioperative management is to ensure euglycemia and thus improve postoperative outcomes.Therefore,prolonged preoperative fasting should be avoided and close monitoring of blood glucose should be initiated and continued throughout surgery.This can be accomplished with either analysis in blood gas samples,venous phlebotomy or point-of-care testing.Although capillary and arterial whole blood glucose do not meet standard guidelines for glucose testing,they can still be used to guide insulin dosing in the operating room.Intraoperative glycemic control goals may vary slightly in different protocols but overall the guidelines suggest a glucose range in the operating room should be between 140 mg/dL to 180 mg/dL.When hyperglycemia is detected in the operating room,blood glucose management may be initiated with subcutaneous rapid-acting insulin,with intravenous infusion or boluses of regular insulin.Fluid and electrolyte management are other perioperative challenges.Notably diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic state are the two most serious acute metabolic complications of diabetes that must be recognized early and treated. 关键词：Diabetes mellitus Perioperative management INSULIN HYPERGLYCAEMIA ANAESTHESIA SURGERY

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Perioperative challenges in management of diabetic patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery

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