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Gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic:Manifestations,mechanism and management

查看全文 作　　者：Dina Zakaria [1]Mohamed;Mai El-Sayed [2]Ghoneim;Sally El-Sayed Abu-[1]Risha;Ramy Ahmed [3]Abdelsalam;Mohamed Abdelhalem [4]Farag 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,Faculty of Pharmacy,Tanta University,Tanta 31511,Egypt;[2]Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Sadat City,Menoufia 32632,Egypt;[3]Department of Pathology,Faculty of Medicine,Mansoura University,Mansoura 35511,Egypt;[4]Department of Pediatrics,Nebru General Hospital,Nebru 35511,Egypt高影响力机构 出　　处：《World Journal of Gastroenterology》索引2021年第27卷第28期,共32页高影响力期刊 摘　　要：Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is considered the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and has become an international danger to human health.Although respiratory transmission and symptoms are still the essential manifestations of COVID-19,the digestive system could be an unconventional or supplementary route for COVID-19 to be transmitted and manifested,most likely due to the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)in the gastrointestinal tract.In addition,SARS-CoV-2 can trigger hepatic injury via direct binding to the ACE2 receptor in cholangiocytes,antibodydependent enhancement of infection,systemic inflammatory response syndrome,inflammatory cytokine storms,ischemia/reperfusion injury,and adverse events of treatment drugs.Gastrointestinal symptoms,including anorexia,nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea,which are unusual in patients with COVID-19,and some digestive signs may occur without other respiratory symptoms.Furthermore,SARS-CoV-2 can be found in infected patients’stool,demonstrating the likelihood of transmission through the fecal-oral route.In addition,liver function should be monitored during COVID-19,particularly in more severe cases.This review summarizes the evidence for extra-pulmonary manifestations,mechanisms,and management of COVID-19,particularly those related to the gastrointestinal tract and liver. 关 键 词：COVID-19 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 GASTROINTESTINAL Inflammatory bowel disease LIVER MANAGEMENT
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