Bile acid receptors and gastrointestinal functions

查看全文 作　　者：Alexander [1]L.Ticho;Pooja [2]Malhotra;Pradeep [2,3]K.Dudeja;Ravinder [2]K.Gill;Waddah [2,3]A.Alrefai

机构地区：[1]Department of Physiology and Biophysics,College of Medicine,University of Illinois at Chicago,Chicago,IL,USA;[2]Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology,Department of Medicine,University of Illinois at Chicago,Chicago,IL,USA;[3]Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center,Chicago,IL,USA

出　　处：《Liver Research》索引2019年第3卷第1期,共9页

基　　金：The work in the authors'laboratories was supported by merit review grants from the Department of Veterans Affairs,United States(VA):BX000152(W.A.Alrefai)and BX002011(P.K.Dudeja);F30 grant DK117535(A.L.Ticho);and R01 grants:DK109709(W.A.Alrefai),DK54016(P.K.Dudeja),DK81858(P.K.Dudeja),DK92441(P.K.Dudeja),DK98170(R.K.Gill),from the USA National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases/National Institutes of Health,United States. 摘　　要：Bile acids modulate several gastrointestinal(GI)functions including electrolyte secretion and absorption,gastric emptying,and small intestinal and colonic motility.High concentrations of bile acids lead to diarrhea and are implicated in the development of esophageal,gastric and colonic cancer.Alterations in bile acid homeostasis are also implicated in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these effects of bile acids on gut functions has been greatly enhanced by the discovery of bile acid receptors,including the nuclear receptors:farnesoid X receptor(FXR),vitamin D receptor(VDR),pregnane X receptor(PXR),and constitutive androstane receptor(CAR);and G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs):Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5),sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2(S1PR2),and muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3(M3R).For example,various studies provided evidence demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effects of FXR and TGR5 activation in models of intestinal inflammation.In addition,the activation of TGR5 in enteric neurons was recently shown to increase colonic motility,which may lead to bile acid-induced diarrhea(BAD).Interestingly,TGR5 induces the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)from L-cells to enhance insulin secretion and modulate glucose metabolism.Because of the importance of these receptors,agonists of TGR5 and intestine-specific FXR agonists are currently being tested as an option for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and primary bile acid diarrhea,respectively.This review summarizes current knowledge of the functional roles of bile acid receptors in the GI tract. 关键词：Bile acids Nuclear receptors Farnesoid X receptor(FXR) Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5) Gastrointestinal function

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Bile acid receptors and gastrointestinal functions

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