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Urogenital schistosomiasis and soiltransmitted helminthiasis(STH)in Cameroon:An epidemiological update at Barombi Mbo and Barombi Kotto crater lakes assessing prospects for intensified control interventions

查看全文 作　　者：Suzy [1]J.Campbell;J.Russell [1]Stothard;Faye O’[1]Halloran;Deborah [1]Sankey;Timothy [1]Durant;Dieudonne Eloundou [2]Ombede;Gwladys Djomkam [2]Chuinteu;Bonnie [3,6]LWebster;Lucas [1]Cunningham;EJames [1]LaCourse;Louis-Albert Tchuem-[2,4,5]Tchuente 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]Department of Parasitology,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine,Pembroke Place,Liverpool L35QA,UK;[2]Centre for Schistosomiasis and Parasitology,Yaounde,Cameroon;[3]Department of Life Sciences,Parasites and Vectors Division,Natural History Museum,London SW75BD,UK;[4]Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology,Faculty of Sciences,University of YaoundeI,Yaounde,Cameroon;[5]National Programme for the Control of Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Helminthiasis,Ministry of Public Health,Yaounde,Cameroon;[6]London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research,London,UK高影响力机构 出　　处：《Infectious Diseases of Poverty》索引2017年第6卷第1期,共13页高影响力期刊 基　　金：This study is funded as part of the COUNTDOWN research programme consortium,by the Research and Evidence Division of the Department for International Development,UK;The funders had no role in study design,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript。 摘　　要：Background:The crater lakes of Barombi Mbo and Barombi Kotto are well-known transmission foci of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis having had several important control initiatives previously.To collect contemporary epidemiological information,a cross-sectional survey was undertaken inclusive of:signs and symptoms of disease,individual treatment histories,local water,sanitation and hygiene(WASH)-related factors and malacological surveillance,with molecular characterisation of specimens.Methods:At each lake,a community cross-sectional survey was undertaken using a combination of stool and urine parasitological sampling,and interview with pro-forma questionnaires.A total of 338 children and adults participated.Material from snail and parasite species were characterised by DNA methods.Results:Egg-patent prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis was 8.7%at Barombi Mbo(all light-intensity infections)and 40.1%at Barombi Kotto(21.2%heavy-intensity infections).Intestinal schistosomiasis was absent.At Barombi Kotto,significantly more women reported signs and symptoms associated with female genital schistosomiasis.While there had been extensive recent improvement in WASH-related infrastructure at Barombi Mbo,water contact risk scores were higher among schistosomiasis-infected participants(P<0.001)and at Barombi Kotto in general(P<0.001).Across both lakes,mean prevalence of STH was very low(6.3%)evidencing an impressive decrease of 79.0%over the last decade;neither Strongyloides stercoralis nor Ascaris lumbricoides were found.A total of 29 freshwater sampling sites were inspected for snails,13 in Barombi Mbo and 16 in Barombi Kotto;water chemistry differed significantly(P<0.0001)between lakes for both mean pH(7.9 v.9.6)and mean conductivity(64.3μS v.202.1μS)respectively.Only two Bulinus camerunensis found on the central island of Barombi Kotto were observed to shed schistosome cercariae,but schistosome DNA was later detected in Bulinus sampled from both lakes as well as in Indoplanorbis exustus,an invasive species from Asia.Conclusions:STH is currently at very low levels while urogenital schistosomiasis is of greatest concern at Barombi Kotto.This assessment highlights a unique opportunity for further study of the epidemiological dynamics at these crater lakes,to evaluate future intensified interventions both in terms of gaining and sustaining control at Barombi Kotto or in moving towards local interruption of transmission of both diseases at Barombi Mbo. 关 键 词：Schistosoma haematobium STRONGYLOIDES Female genital schistosomiasis WASH BULINUS Indoplanorbis exustus
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