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On the turbulent heat fluxes:A comparison among satellite-based estimates,atmospheric reanalyses,and in-situ observations during the winter climate over Arctic sea ice

查看全文 作　　者：Zhi-Lun [1,2,3]ZHANG;Feng-Ming [1,2,3]HUI;Timo [4]VIHMA;Mats [5]A.GRANSKOG;Bin [4]CHENG;Zhuo-Qi [1,2,3]CHEN;Xiao [1,2,3]CHENG 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai),Zhuhai 519082,China;[2]Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Observation of Polar Environment(Sun Yat-sen University),Ministry of Education,Zhuhai 519082,China;[3]University Corporation for Polar Research,Beijing 100032,China;[4]Finnish Meteorological Institute,Helsinki 00560,Finland;[5]Norwegian Polar Institute,Fram Centre,TromsøN-9296,Norway高影响力机构 出　　处：《Advances in Climate Change Research》索引2023年第14卷第3期,共16页高影响力期刊 基　　金：This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41976214);The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme provided support to BC and TV through the Polar Regions in the Earth System project(PolarRES,101003590);to MAG through the Climate Relevant interactions and feedbacks:the key role of sea ice and Snow in the polar and global climate system project(CRiceS,101003826). 摘　　要：The surface energy budget is crucial for Arctic sea ice mass balance calculation and climate systems,among which turbulent heat fluxes significantly affect the airesea exchanges of heat and moisture in the atmospheric boundary layer.Satellite observations(e.g.CERES and APPX)and atmospheric reanalyses(e.g.,ERA5)are often used to represent components of the energy budget at regional and pan-Arctic scales.However,the uncertainties of the satellite-based turbulent heat fluxes are largely unknown,and cross-comparisons with reanalysis data and insitu observations are limited.In this study,satellite-based turbulent heat fluxes were assessed against in-situ observations from the N-ICE2015 drifting ice station(north of Svalbard,JanuaryeJune 2015)and ERA5 reanalysis.The turbulent heat fluxes were calculated by two approaches using the satellite-based ice surface temperature and radiative fluxes,surface atmospheric parameters from ERA5,and snow/sea ice thickness from the pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System(PIOMAS).We found that the bulk-aerodynamic formula based results could better capture the variations of turbulent heat fluxes,while the maximum entropy production based estimates are comparable with ERA5 in terms of root-mean-square error(RMSE).CERES-based estimates outperform the APP-X-based ones but ERA5 performs the best in all seasons(RMSE of 18 and 7 W m^(-2)for sensible and latent heat flux,respectively).The aireice temperature/humidity differences and the surface radiation budget were found the primary driving factors in the bulk-formula method and maximum entropy production(MEP)method,respectively.Furthermore,errors in the surface and near-surface temperature and humidity explain almost 50%of the uncertainties in the estimates based on the bulk-formula,whereas errors in the net radiative fluxes explain more than 50%of the uncertainties in the MEP-based results. 关 键 词：Arctic sea ice Surface energy budget Turbulent heat flux Satellite observation REANALYSIS Bulk-aerodynamic formula Maximum entropy production
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