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| 1 | 3D point cloud data to quantitatively characterize size and shape of shrub crops显示文摘Size and shape are important properties of shrub crops such as blueberries,and they can be particularly useful for evaluating bush architecture suited to mechanical harvesting.The overall goal of this study was to develop a 3D imaging approach to measure size-related traits and bush shape that are relevant to mechanical harvesting.3D point clouds were acquired for 367 bushes from five genotype groups.Point cloud data were preprocessed to obtain clean bush points for characterizing bush architecture,including bush morphology(height,width,and volume),crown size,and shape descriptors(path curveλand five shape indices).One-dimensional traits(height,width,and crown size)had high correlations(R^(2)=0.88–0.95)between proposed method and manual measurements,whereas bush volume showed relatively lower correlations(R^(2)=0.78–0.85).These correlations suggested that the present approach was accurate in measuring one-dimensional size traits and acceptable in estimating three-dimensional bush volume.Statistical results demonstrated that the five genotype groups were statistically different in crown size and bush shape.The differences matched with human evaluation regarding optimal bush architecture for mechanical harvesting.In particular,a visualization tool could be generated using crown size and path curveλ,which showed great potential of determining bush architecture suitable for mechanical harvesting quickly.Therefore,the processing pipeline of 3D point cloud data presented in this study is an effective tool for blueberry breeding programs(in particular for mechanical harvesting)and farm management. | Yu Jiang Changying Li Fumiomi Takeda Elizabeth A.Kramer Hamid Ashrafi Jamal Hunter | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Association between axial length and toric intraocular lens rotation according to an online toric back-calculator显示文摘AIM: To assess the relationship between axial length(AL) and intraocular lens(IOL) rotation among eyes receiving a toric IOL and subsequently entered into an online toric back-calculator database.METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data collected online via astigmatismfix.com, a freely available online toric back-calculator where surgeons enter pre-and postoperative information to help manage residual postoperative astigmatism.Included records were deemed valid with entry of AL and IOL orientation between January 2017 and March 2019.Rotation was determined by a difference of ≥5° between pre-operative intended IOL orientation and actual post-operative IOL orientation.Frequency and magnitude of rotation are presented with means and associated standard deviation(SD).Linear regression models of this association are presented.RESULTS: Records of 6752 eyes were included in the analysis, of which 74.8% were determined to have a rotated IOL.The magnitude of rotation increased with each millimeter(mm) increase in AL with a mean rotation of 13.3°(SD: 12.8°) for eyes with AL 20-20.9 mm and a maximum mean rotation of 30.6°(SD: 30.3°) among eyes with AL 29-29.9 mm.General linear modeling demonstrated a significant association(P<0.0001) with a parameter estimate of 1.19(standard error: 0.159) and R;of 0.0083.CONCLUSION: Analysis from an online database indicates that toric IOLs inserted into eyes with longer AL are more likely to rotate and to rotate more degrees from the target axis.The findings from this study are clinically relevant for surgeons implanting toric IOLs. | Jennifer L.Patnaik Malik Y.Kahook John P.Berdahl David R.Hardten Brandie D.Wagner Leonard K.Seibold Brent A.Kramer | 2022 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2022，15，3： | 0 |
| 3 | 成人房间隔缺损的诊断和外科治疗显示文摘主题与背景 目前采用外科手术闭合成人房间隔缺损的价值尚有争论,认为手术风险大且术后生活质量如何尚无可靠资料。 病人与方法 对205例(女,149例,男,56例,平均年龄41.4岁)经手术闭合房间隔缺损的病人进行回顾性分析。记录术前症状、并发症、心律失常、肺动脉压和术后对生活质量(按NYHA标准评级)及心律失常的影响。 结果 本组病例中,有138例(66%)在确诊时已有呼吸困难或心悸症状,4例有过中风,2例有心内膜炎史,55例(27%)有房扑或房颤,47例(23%)心功能为NYHAⅢ级或Ⅳ级。平均手术年龄为42.2岁(18~74.9岁)。其中1例肺动脉高压女性患者死亡,术后1例中风,术后房扑或房颤病例降至31例(15%),176例(86%)术后心功能NYHA评级有改善,尤以术前Ⅳ级者改善明显。 | M.Vogel F.Berger A.Kramer V.Alexi-Meshkishvili P.E.Lange 廖永德 | 1999 | 德国医学1999，16，5： | 0 |
| 4 | 印度尼西亚沿海村庄中的人口迁徙和捕捞活动显示文摘东南亚的沿海生态系统正处于来自局部和全球变化增长的压力下。本文研究了印度尼西亚北苏拉威西省米纳哈萨区沿海村庄中的人口迁徙和海洋资源利用情况。原始数据是通过对村庄领导人、重点人群的采访以及600个捕鱼家庭的抽样调查收集的。在过去10年经济增长总量中至少有1/4应归功于人口迁徙。所有渔民团体都报道说近岸渔业生产力正在下降。经济计量学分析被用来研究手工捕鱼部门的周渔获量。人口迁徙状态和社会经济变量看来不产生系统的影响,而渔捞能力(劳动力、渔船及渔具),专业化程度以及村庄地处遥远被认为确实与周渔获量大小有关系。 | Randall A.Kramer Sahat M.H.Simanjuntak Christopher Liese 林宝法 | 2002 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2002，31，4： | 0 |
| 5 | Household perceptions and subjective valuations of indoor residual spraying programmes to control malaria in northern Uganda显示文摘Background:Insecticide-based tools remain critical for controlling vector-borne diseases in Uganda.Securing public support from targeted populations for such tools is an important component in sustaining their long-run effectiveness.Yet little quantitative evidence is available on the perceived benefits and costs of vector control programmes among targeted households.Methods:A survey was administered to a clustered random sample of 612 households in Gulu and Oyam districts of northern Uganda during a period of very high malaria transmission and following a pilot indoor residual spray(IRS)programme.A discrete choice experiment was conducted within the survey,in which respondents indicated their preferences for different IRS programmes relative to money compensation in a series of experimentally controlled,hypothetical choice sets.The data were analysed using conditional logit regression models to estimate respondents’willingness to accept(WTA)some amount of money compensation in lieu of foregone malaria risk reductions.Latent class models were used to analyse whether respondent characteristics predicted WTA.Results:Average WTA is estimated at$8.94 annually for a 10%reduction in malaria risk,and additional co-benefits of IRS were estimated to be worth on average$54–$56(depending on insecticide type)per round of IRS.Significant heterogeneity is observed:Four in five household heads in northern Uganda have high valuations for IRS programmes,while the remaining 20%experience costly side effects of IRS(valued at between$2 and$3 per round).Statistically significant predictors of belonging to the high-value group include respondent gender,mean age of household members,participation in previous IRS,basic knowledge of mosquito reproduction,and the number of mosquito nets owned.Proxies for household income and wealth are not found to be statistically significant predictors of WTA.Conclusions:This study suggests that the majority of people in areas of high malaria transmission like northern Uganda place a high value on vector control programmes using IRS.However,there is significant heterogeneity in terms of the perceived side effects(positive and negative).This has implications for sustaining public support for these programmes in the long-term. | Zachary S.Brown Randall A.Kramer David Ocan Christine Oryema | 2016 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2016，5，1： | 0 |
| 6 | 现代挤出控制技术显示文摘在当今高新技术和竞争激烈的世界里,挤出产品制造商面临着许多问题。用户对质量特性和售后服务的要求及期望已大大增加。既要不断改进产品的使用性能又要逐步降低其成本;同时,劳动力的技术水平和能动性正在逐步下降,设备逐渐老化,竞争也变得日趋激烈。 | William A.Kramer Davis Standard 许国栋 | 1993 | 橡胶参考资料1993，23，12： | 0 |
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