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| 1 | Hepatitis B virus,HBx mutants and their role in hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of death induced by cancer in the modern world and majority of the cases are related to chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.HBV-encoded X protein(HBx)is known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of viral induced HCC.HBx is a multifunctional protein of17 kDa which modulates several cellular processes by direct or indirect interaction with a repertoire of host factors resulting in HCC.HBX might interfere with several cellular processes such as oxidative stress,DNA repair,signal transduction,transcription,protein degradation,cell cycle progression and apoptosis.A number of reports have indicated that HBx is one of the most common viral ORFs that is often integrated into the host genome and its sequence variants play a crucial role in HCC.By mutational or deletion analysis it was shown that carboxy terminal of HBx has a likely role in protein-protein interactions,transcriptional transactivation,DNA repair,cell,signaling and pathogenesis of HCC.The accumulated evidence thus far suggests that it is difficult to understand the mechanistic nature of HBx associated HCC,and HBx mediated transcriptional transactivation and signaling pathways may be a major determinant.This article addresses the role of HBx in the development of HCC with particular emphasis on HBx mutants and their putative targets. | Ashraf Ali Hany Abdel-Hafiz Mohd Suhail Amany Al-Mars Mohammad Khalid Zakaria Kaneez Fatima Sultan Ahmad Esam Azhar Adeel Chaudhary Ishtiaq Qadri | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，30： | 29 |
| 2 | 聚合物对纳米流体通过可拉伸表面的阻力和传热导的影响:一种分子方法显示文摘本文研究了聚合物对纳米流体通过均匀加热的可渗透的垂直拉伸表面的阻力降低和热传导增强的影响,研究的重点是分析纳米流体中聚合物对阻力系数、努塞尔数和舍伍德数的影响。利用分散模型研究纳米颗粒存在下的流体流动和传热行为。选择分子方法来探索基流体中添加聚合物的影响。添加聚合物会在动量方程中产生了一个额外的应力。对控制边界层方程进行数值求解,研究工程感兴趣的物理量对不同流量参数的依赖关系。由于聚合物添加剂的存在,阻力系数、努塞特数和舍伍德数都有所减少。 | ADEEL Ahmad MARIA Athar YASIR Khan | 2022 | Journal of Central South University2022，29，12： | 4 |
| 3 | Review:Botnet detection techniques: review, future trends, and issue显示文摘In recent years, the Internet has enabled access to widespread remote services in the distributed computing environment; however, integrity of data transmission in the distributed computing platform is hindered by a number of security issues. For instance, the botnet phenomenon is a prominent threat to Internet security, including the threat of malicious codes. The botnet phenomenon supports a wide range of criminal activities, including distributed denial of service(DDoS) attacks, click fraud, phishing, malware distribution, spam emails, and building machines for illegitimate exchange of information/materials. Therefore, it is imperative to design and develop a robust mechanism for improving the botnet detection, analysis, and removal process. Currently, botnet detection techniques have been reviewed in different ways; however, such studies are limited in scope and lack discussions on the latest botnet detection techniques. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest state-of-the-art techniques for botnet detection and figures out the trends of previous and current research. It provides a thematic taxonomy for the classification of botnet detection techniques and highlights the implications and critical aspects by qualitatively analyzing such techniques. Related to our comprehensive review, we highlight future directions for improving the schemes that broadly span the entire botnet detection research field and identify the persistent and prominent research challenges that remain open. | Ahmad KARIM Rosli Bin SALLEH Muhammad SHIRAZ Syed Adeel Ali SHAH Irfan AWAN Nor Badrul ANUAR | 2014 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics)2014，15，11： | 4 |
| 4 | Sowing uniformity of bed-type pneumatic maize planter at various seedbed preparation levels and machine travel speeds显示文摘Precision planters are important machines in the regime of modern technological agriculture.Field conditions,seed metering system and machine operating parameters affect the pneumatic planter performance.The pneumatic planter was evaluated to determine the effect of three tillage levels(L1,L2,and L3)and four travel speeds(S1,S2,S3 and S4).The sowing uniformity of the planter was observed with respect to the horizontal distribution of seeds within a row and described by using the precision index(Ip),the multiple index(Imult),the miss-seeding index(Imiss)and the quality of feed index(Iqf).The results revealed that the tillage levels(L)and travel speed(S)had a significant effect(p<0.05)on dependent variables.The maximum Imiss(22.12%)was observed at L1 and S4 whereas the maximum Imult was observed at L1 and S1.The mean values of missing-,multi-,quality-feed and precision indices were 5.14%,5.833%,89.03%and 17.85%at L3,respectively.The mean values of multi-index 17.59%,14.44%,12.40%and 10.18%,quality feed index 74.07%,75.92%,75.74%and 74.07%and precision indices 21.47%,23.26%,25.51%and 28.53%were at S1,S2,S3 and S4,respectively.The study showed that maize could be seeding within an acceptable precise range by bed-type pneumatic planter subjected to the proper seedbed preparation level. | Fiaz Ahmad Muhammad Adeel Baijing Qiu Jing Ma Muhammad Shoaib Aamir Shakoor Farman Ali Chandio | 2021 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2021，14，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Parametric optimization for surface roughness, kerr and MRR in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) u- sing Taguehi design of experiment 显示文摘 | Adeel Ikram Nadeem Ahmad Mufti Muhammad Qaiser SaI- eem | 2013 | Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology2013，27，7： | 1 |
| 6 | Three-dimensional MHD flow over a shrinking sheet: Analytical solution and stability analysis显示文摘The magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) steady and unsteady axisymmetric flows of a viscous fluid over a two-dimensional shrinking sheet are addressed. The mathematical analysis is carried out in the presence of a large magnetic field. The steady state problem results in a singular perturbation problem having an infinite domain singularity. The secular term appearing in the solution is removed and a two-term uniformly valid solution is derived using the Lindstedt–Poincaré technique. This asymptotic solution is validated by comparing it with the numerical solution. The solution for the unsteady problem is also presented analytically in the asymptotic limit of large magnetic field. The results of velocity profile and skin friction are shown graphically to explore the physical features of the flow field. The stability analysis of the unsteady flow is made to validate the asymptotic solution. | Sumaira Afzal Saleem Asghar Adeel Ahmad | 2017 | Chinese Physics B2017，26，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Reimagining safe lithium applications in the living environment and its impacts on human,animal,and plant system显示文摘Lithium's(Li)ubiquitous distribution in the environment is a rising concern due to its rapid proliferation in the modern electronic industry.Li enigmatic entry into the terrestrial food chain raises many questions and uncertainties that may pose a grave threat to living biota.We examined the leverage existing published articles regarding advances in global Li resources,interplay with plants,and possible involvement with living organisms,especially humans and animals.Globally,Li concentration(<10 e300 mg kg1)is detected in agricultural soil,and their pollutant levels vary with space and time.High mobility of Li results in higher accumulation in plants,but the clear mechanisms and specific functions remain unknown.Our assessment reveals the causal relationship between Li level and biota health.For example,lower Li intake(<0.6 mM in serum)leads to mental disorders,while higher intake(>1.5 mM in serum)induces thyroid,stomach,kidney,and reproductive system dysfunctions in humans and animals.However,there is a serious knowledge gap regarding Li regulatory standards in environmental compartments,and mechanistic approaches to unveil its consequences are needed.Furthermore,aggressive efforts are required to define optimum levels of Li for the normal functioning of animals,plants,and humans.This review is designed to revitalize the current status of Li research and identify the key knowledge gaps to fight back against the mountainous challenges of Li during the recent digital revolution.Additionally,we propose pathways to overcome Li problems and develop a strategy for effective,safe,and acceptable applications. | Noman Shakoor Muhammad Adeel Muhammad Arslan Ahmad Muhammad Zain Usman Waheed Rana Arsalan Javaid Fasih Ullah Haider Imran Azeem Pingfan Zhou Yuanbo Li Ghulam Jilani Ming Xu Jorg Rinklebe Yukui Rui | 2023 | Environmental Science and Ecotechnology2023，，3： | 0 |
| 8 | Clinical and biochemical predictors of intensive care unit admission among patients with diabetic ketoacidosis显示文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)contributes to 94%of diabetes-related hospital admissions,and its incidence is rising.Due to the complexity of its management and the need for rigorous monitoring,many DKA patients are managed in the intensive care unit(ICU).However,studies comparing DKA patients managed in ICU to non-ICU settings show an increase in healthcare costs without significantly affecting patient outcomes.It is,therefore,essential to identify suitable candidates for ICU care in DKA patients.AIM To evaluate factors that predict the requirement for ICU care in DKA patients.METHODS This retrospective study included consecutive patients with index DKA episodes who presented to the emergency department of four general hospitals of Hamad Medical Corporation,Doha,Qatar,between January 2015 and March 2021.All adult patients(>14 years)fulfilling the American Diabetes Association criteria for DKA diagnosis were included.RESULTS We included 922 patients with DKA in the final analysis,of which 229(25%)were managed in the ICU.Compared to non-ICU patients,patients admitted to ICU were older[mean(SD)age of 40.4±13.7 years vs 34.5±14.6 years;P<0.001],had a higher body mass index[median(IQR)of 24.6(21.5-28.4)kg/m2 vs 23.7(20.3-27.9)kg/m2;P<0.030],had T2DM(61.6%)and were predominantly males(69%vs 31%;P<0.020).ICU patients had a higher white blood cell count[median(IQR)of 15.1(10.2-21.2)×103/uL vs 11.2(7.9-15.7)×103/uL,P<0.001],urea[median(IQR)of 6.5(4.6-10.3)mmol/L vs 5.6(4.0-8.0)mmol/L;P<0.001],creatinine[median(IQR)of 99(75-144)mmol/L vs 82(63-144)mmol/L;P<0.001],C-reactive protein[median(IQR)of 27(9-83)mg/L vs 14(5-33)mg/L;P<0.001]and anion gap[median(IQR)of 24.0(19.2-29.0)mEq/L vs 22(17-27)mEq/L;P<0.001];while a lower venous pH[mean(SD)of 7.10±0.15 vs 7.20±0.13;P<0.001]and bicarbonate level[mean(SD)of 9.2±4.1 mmol/L vs 11.6±4.3 mmol/L;P<0.001]at admission than those not requiring ICU management of DKA(P<0.001).Patients in the ICU group had a longer LOS[median(IQR)of 4.2(2.7-7.1)d vs 2.0(1.0-3.9)d;P<0.001]and DKA duration[median(IQR)of 24(13-37)h vs 15(19-24)h,P<0.001]than those not requiring ICU admission.In the multivariate logistic regression analysis model,age,Asian ethnicity,concurrent coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection,DKA severity,DKA trigger,and NSTEMI were the main predicting factors for ICU admission.CONCLUSION In the largest tertiary center in Qatar,25%of all DKA patients required ICU admission.Older age,T2DM,newly onset DM,an infectious trigger of DKA,moderate-severe DKA,concurrent NSTEMI,and COVID-19 infection are some factors that predict ICU requirement in a DKA patient. | Adeel Ahmad Khan Fateen Ata Phool Iqbal Mohammed Bashir Anand Kartha | 2023 | World Journal of Diabetes2023，14，3： | 0 |
| 9 | Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of photosystem II(PsbX)gene family in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)显示文摘Background Photosystem II(PSII)constitutes an intricate assembly of protein pigments,featuring extrinsic and intrinsic polypeptides within the photosynthetic membrane.The low-molecular-weight transmembrane protein PsbX has been identified in PSII,which is associated with the oxygen-evolving complex.The expression of PsbX gene protein is regulated by light.PsbX’s central role involves the regulation of PSII,facilitating the binding of quinone molecules to the Qb(PsbA)site,and it additionally plays a crucial role in optimizing the efficiency of photosynthesis.Despite these insights,a comprehensive understanding of the PsbX gene’s functions has remained elusive.Results In this study,we identified ten PsbX genes in Gossypium hirsutum L.The phylogenetic analysis results showed that 40 genes from nine species were classified into one clade.The resulting sequence logos exhibited substantial conservation across the N and C terminals at multiple sites among all Gossypium species.Furthermore,the ortholo-gous/paralogous,Ka/Ks ratio revealed that cotton PsbX genes subjected to positive as well as purifying selection pressure might lead to limited divergence,which resulted in the whole genome and segmental duplication.The expression patterns of GhPsbX genes exhibited variations across specific tissues,as indicated by the analysis.Moreover,the expression of GhPsbX genes could potentially be regulated in response to salt,intense light,and drought stresses.Therefore,GhPsbX genes may play a significant role in the modulation of photosynthesis under adverse abiotic conditions.Conclusion We examined the structure and function of PsbX gene family very first by using comparative genom-ics and systems biology approaches in cotton.It seems that PsbX gene family plays a vital role during the growth and development of cotton under stress conditions.Collectively,the results of this study provide basic information to unveil the molecular and physiological function of PsbX genes of cotton plants. | RAZA Irum PARVEEN Abida AHMAD Adeel HU Daowu PAN Zhaoe ALI Imran DU Xiongming | 2024 | Journal of Cotton Research2024，7，1： | 0 |
| 10 | 聚合物流体在纳米颗粒和微生物存在下的流动和传热分析显示文摘本文采用FENE-P模型,研究纳米颗粒和微生物对聚合物通过水平伸缩薄片的流动和传热的影响以及对阻力系数、Nusselt数,Sherwood数和运动密度数的潜在影响。利用适当的相似性变换,将控制非牛顿聚合物流体流动的非线性偏微分方程组简化为恰当的相似形式。利用基于有限差分格式的MATLAB code bvp4c和修正的边界条件对修正的常微分方程组进行数值求解。以表格形式列出了工业中这些流动参数是如何影响流体物理性能的,并详细分析了相关物理参数对速度、温度、浓度和微生物分布的影响。结果表明,聚合物添加剂降低了阻力系数和Nusselt数。Sherwood数和运动密度数也受到聚合物添加剂的明显影响。 | Razi KHAN Adeel AHMAD Mehwish AFRAZ Yasir KHAN | 2023 | Journal of Central South University2023，30，4： | 0 |
| 11 | Correlation analysis of stem hardness traits with fiber and yield-related traits in core collections of Gossypium hirsutum显示文摘Background:Stem hardness is one of the major influencing factors for plant architecture in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).Evaluating hardness phenotypic traits is very important for the selection of elite lines for resistance to lodging in Gossypium hirsutum L.Cotton breeders are interested in using diverse genotypes to enhance fiber quality and high-yield.Few pieces of research for hardness and its relationship with fiber quality and yield were found.This study was designed to find the relationship of stem hardness traits with fiber quality and yield contributing traits of upland cotton.Results:Experiments were carried out to measure the bending,acupuncture,and compression properties of the stem from a collection of upland cotton genotypes,comprising 237 accessions.The results showed that the genotypic difference in stem hardness was highly significant among the genotypes,and the stem hardness traits(BL,BU,AL,AU,CL,and CU)have a positive association with fiber quality traits and yield-related traits.Statistical analyses of the results showed that in descriptive statistics result bending(BL,BU)has a maximum coefficient of variance,but fiber length and fiber strength have less coefficient of variance among the genotypes.Principal component analysis(PCA)trimmed quantitative characters into nine principal components.The first nine principal components(PC)with Eigenvalues>1 explained 86%of the variation among 237 accessions of cotton.Both 2017 and 2018,PCA results indicated that BL,BU,FL,FE,and LI contributed to their variability in PC1,and BU,AU,CU,FD,LP,and FWPB have shown their variability in PC2.Conclusion:We describe here the systematic study of the mechanism involved in the regulation of enhancing fiber quality and yield by stem bending strength,acupuncture,and compression properties of G.hirsutum. | RAZA Irum HU Daowu AHMAD Adeel LI Hongge HE Shoupu NAZIR Mian Faisal WANG Xiaoyang JIA Yinhua PAN Zhaoe ZHANG Peng YASIR Muhammad IQBAL Muhammad Shahid GENG Xiaoli WANG Liru PANG Baoyin DU Xiongming | 2021 | Journal of Cotton Research2021，4，1： | 0 |
| 12 | Energy Cost Minimization Using String Matching Algorithm in Geo-Distributed Data Centers显示文摘Data centers are being distributed worldwide by cloud service providers(CSPs)to save energy costs through efficient workload alloca-tion strategies.Many CSPs are challenged by the significant rise in user demands due to their extensive energy consumption during workload pro-cessing.Numerous research studies have examined distinct operating cost mitigation techniques for geo-distributed data centers(DCs).However,oper-ating cost savings during workload processing,which also considers string-matching techniques in geo-distributed DCs,remains unexplored.In this research,we propose a novel string matching-based geographical load balanc-ing(SMGLB)technique to mitigate the operating cost of the geo-distributed DC.The primary goal of this study is to use a string-matching algorithm(i.e.,Boyer Moore)to compare the contents of incoming workloads to those of documents that have already been processed in a data center.A successful match prevents the global load balancer from sending the user’s request to a data center for processing and displaying the results of the previously processed workload to the user to save energy.On the contrary,if no match can be discovered,the global load balancer will allocate the incoming workload to a specific DC for processing considering variable energy prices,the number of active servers,on-site green energy,and traces of incoming workload.The results of numerical evaluations show that the SMGLB can minimize the operating expenses of the geo-distributed data centers more than the existing workload distribution techniques. | Muhammad Imran Khan Khalil Syed Adeel Ali Shah Izaz Ahmad Khan Mohammad Hijji Muhammad Shiraz Qaisar Shaheen | 2023 | Computers, Materials & Continua2023，，6： | 0 |
| 13 | Genome wide identification and characterization of MAPK genes reveals their potential in enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum显示文摘Background:The cotton crop is universally considered as protein and edible oil source besides the major contributor of natural fiber and is grown in tropical and subtropical regions around the world Unpredicted environmental stresses are becoming significant threats to sustainable cotton production,ultimately leading to a substantial irreversible economic loss.Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)is generally considered essential for recognizing environmental stresses through phosphorylating downstream signal pathways and plays a vital role in numerous biological processes.Results:We have identified 74 MAPK genes across cotton,41 from G.hirsutum,19 from G.raimondii,whereas 14 have been identified from G.arboreum.The MAPK gene-proteins have been further studied to determine their physicochemical characteristics and other essential features.In this perspective,characterization,phylogenetic relationship,chromosomal mapping,gene motif,cis-regulatory element,and subcellular localization were carried out.Based on phylogenetic analysis,the MAPK family in cotton is usually categorized as A,B,C,D,and E clade.According to the results of the phylogenic relationship,cotton has more MAPKS genes in Clade A than Clade B.The cis-elements identified were classified into five groups(hormone responsiveness,light responsiveness,stress responsiveness,cellular development,and binding site).The prevalence of such elements across the promoter region of these genes signifies their role in the growth and development of plants.Seven GHMAPK genes(GH_A07G1527,GH_D02G1138,GH_D03G0121,GH_D03G1517,GH_D05G1003,GH_D11G0040,and GH_D12G2528)were selected,and specific tissue expression and profiling were performed across drought and salt stresses.Results expressed that six genes were upregulated under drought treatment except for GH_D11G0040 which is downregulated.Whereas all the seven genes have been upregulated at various hours of salt stress treatment.Conclusions:RNA sequence and qPCR results showed that genes as differentially expressed across both vegetative and reproductive plant parts.Similarly,the qPCR analysis showed that six genes had been upregulated substantially through drought treatment while all the seven genes were upregulated across salt treatments.The results of this study showed that cotton GHMPK3 genes play an important role in improving cotton resistance to drought and salt stresses.MAPKs are thought to play a significant regulatory function in plants’responses to abiotic stresses according to various studies.MAPKs’involvement in abiotic stress signaling and innovation is a key goal for crop species research,especially in crop breeding. | SADAU Salisu Bello MEHARI Teame Gereziher AHMAD Adeel TAJO Sani Muhammad IBRAHIM Sani IQBAL Muhammad Shahid ELASAD Mohammed ZHANG Jingjing WEI Hengling YU Shuxun | 2022 | Journal of Cotton Research2022，5，3： | 0 |
| 14 | Multimodal Medical Image Registration and Fusion for Quality Enhancement显示文摘For the last two decades,physicians and clinical experts have used a single imaging modality to identify the normal and abnormal structure of the human body.However,most of the time,medical experts are unable to accurately analyze and examine the information from a single imaging modality due to the limited information.To overcome this problem,a multimodal approach is adopted to increase the qualitative and quantitative medical information which helps the doctors to easily diagnose diseases in their early stages.In the proposed method,a Multi-resolution Rigid Registration(MRR)technique is used for multimodal image registration while Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT)along with Principal Component Averaging(PCAv)is utilized for image fusion.The proposed MRR method provides more accurate results as compared with Single Rigid Registration(SRR),while the proposed DWT-PCAv fusion process adds-on more constructive information with less computational time.The proposed method is tested on CT and MRI brain imaging modalities of the HARVARD dataset.The fusion results of the proposed method are compared with the existing fusion techniques.The quality assessment metrics such as Mutual Information(MI),Normalize Crosscorrelation(NCC)and Feature Mutual Information(FMI)are computed for statistical comparison of the proposed method.The proposed methodology provides more accurate results,better image quality and valuable information for medical diagnoses. | Muhammad Adeel Azam Khan Bahadar Khan Muhammad Ahmad Manuel Mazzara | 2021 | Computers, Materials & Continua2021，，7： | 0 |
| 15 | Prediction of Time Series Empowered with a Novel SREKRLS Algorithm显示文摘For the unforced dynamical non-linear state–space model,a new Q1 and efficient square root extended kernel recursive least square estimation algorithm is developed in this article.The proposed algorithm lends itself towards the parallel implementation as in the FPGA systems.With the help of an ortho-normal triangularization method,which relies on numerically stable givens rotation,matrix inversion causes a computational burden,is reduced.Matrix computation possesses many excellent numerical properties such as singularity,symmetry,skew symmetry,and triangularity is achieved by using this algorithm.The proposed method is validated for the prediction of stationary and non-stationary Mackey–Glass Time Series,along with that a component in the x-direction of the Lorenz Times Series is also predicted to illustrate its usefulness.By the learning curves regarding mean square error(MSE)are witnessed for demonstration with prediction performance of the proposed algorithm from where it’s concluded that the proposed algorithm performs better than EKRLS.This new SREKRLS based design positively offers an innovative era towards non-linear systolic arrays,which is efficient in developing very-large-scale integration(VLSI)applications with non-linear input data.Multiple experiments are carried out to validate the reliability,effectiveness,and applicability of the proposed algorithm and with different noise levels compared to the Extended kernel recursive least-squares(EKRLS)algorithm. | Bilal Shoaib Yasir Javed Muhammad Adnan Khan Fahad Ahmad Rizwan Majeed Muhammad Saqib Nawaz Muhammad Adeel Ashraf Abid Iqbal Muhammad Idrees | 2021 | Computers, Materials & Continua2021，，5： | 0 |
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