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| 1 | 大气二氧化氮与每日总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡率的短期关联:398个城市的多中心分析显示文摘目的:采用统一的分析方案,评估全球多个国家/地区的二氧化氮(NO_(2))与总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡率之间的短期关联。研究设计:采用两阶段的时间序列分析方法、过度离散的广义线性模型和多水平meta分析。研究地点:22个低到高收入国家/地区的398个城市。主要结局指标:1973—2018年逐日总死亡人数(6280万人)、心血管疾病死亡人数(1970万人)和呼吸系统疾病死亡人数(550万人)。结果:平均而言,NO_(2)浓度在滞后1天(前1天)每增加10μg/m^(3),会导致总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡率分别增加0.46%(95%可信区间0.36%~0.57%)、0.37%(0.22%~0.51%)、0.47%(0.21%~0.72%)。在对共污染物(PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、臭氧、二氧化硫和一氧化碳)进行调整后,这些关联仍然很稳定。所有3种死因的暴露-反应曲线几乎是线性的,没有明显的阈值。在398个城市中,可归因于高过假定零水平的NO_(2)浓度造成的死亡比例为1.23%(95%可信区间0.96%~1.51%)。结论:这项多中心研究提供了关于NO_(2)短期暴露与总死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统死亡风险之间的独立和线性关联的关键证据,说明通过加强NO_(2)的控制和监管限制标准,可获得人群水平的健康收益。 | 孟夏 刘聪(校) 陈仁杰 郑湃(译) 阚海东(校) Francesco Sera Ana Vicedo-Cabrera Ai Milojevic Maria Guo Yuming Tong Shilu Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelh Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva Eric Lavigne Patricia Matus Correa Nicolas Valdes Ortega Samuel Osorio Garcia Jan Kysely Ales Urban Hans Orru Marek Maasikmets Jouni J K Jaakkola Niilo Ryti Veronika Huber Alexandra Schneider Klea Katsouyanni Antonis Analitis Masahiro Hashizume Yasushi Honda Chris Fook Sheng Ng Baltazar Nunes João Paulo Teixeira Iulian Horia Holobaca Simona Fratianni Ho Kim Aurelio Tobias Carmeníniguez Bertil Forsberg ChristoferÅström Martina S Ragettli Yue-Liang Leon Guo Shih-Chun Pan Shanshan Li Michelle L Bell Antonella Zanobetti Joel Schwartz Tangchun Wu Antonio Gasparrini | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，8： | 7 |
| 2 | Appropriateness of systemic treatments in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors显示文摘AIM:To evaluate systemic treatment choices in unresectable metastatic well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(PNETs)and provide consensus treatment recommendations.METHODS:Systemic treatment options for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors have expanded in recent years to include somatostatin analogs,angiogenesis inhibitors,inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycinand cytotoxic agents.At this time,there is little data to guide treatment selection and sequence.We therefore assembled a panel of expert physicians to evaluate systemic treatment choices and provide consensus treatment recommendations.Treatment appropriateness ratings were collected using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi process.After studying the literature,a multidisciplinary panel of 10 physicians assessed the appropriateness of various medical treatment scenarios on a 1-9 scale.Ratings were done both before and after an extended discussion of the evidence.Quantitative measurements of agreement were made and consensus statements developed from the second round ratings.RESULTS:Specialties represented were medical and surgical oncology,interventional radiology,and gastroenterology.Panelists had practiced for a mean of15.5 years(range:6-33).Among 202 rated scenarios,disagreement decreased from 13.2%(26 scenarios)before the face-to-face discussion of evidence to 1%(2)after.In the final ratings,46.5%(94 scenarios)were rated inappropriate,21.8%(44)were uncertain,and30.7%(62)were appropriate.Consensus statements from the scenarios included:(1)it is appropriate to use somatostatin analogs as first line therapy in patients with hormonally functional tumors and may be appropriate in patients who are asymptomatic;(2)it is appropriate to use everolimus,sunitinib,or cytotoxic chemotherapy therapy as first line therapy in patients with symptomatic or progressive tumors;and(3)beyond first line,these same agents can be used.In patients with uncontrolled secretory symptoms,octreotide LAR doses can be titrated up to 60 mg every4 wk or up to 40 mg every 3 or 4 wk.CONCLUSION:Using the Delphi process allowed physician experts to systematically obtain a consensus on the appropriateness of a variety of medical therapies in patients with PNETs. | Jonathan R Strosberg George A Fisher Al B Benson Lowell B Anthony Bulent Arslan John F Gibbs Edward Greeno Renuka V Iyer Michelle K Kim William J Maples Philip A Philip Edward M Wolin Dasha Cherepanov Michael S Broder | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，8： | 2 |
| 3 | Platelet volume,ggregation and adenosine triphosphate release in cerebral thrombosis 显示文摘 | Toghi H uzuki H amura K t al | 1991 | Stroke1991，2，： | 2 |
| 4 | Omentum facilitates liver regeneration显示文摘AIM:To investigate the mechanism of liver regeneration induced by fusing the omentum to a small traumatic injury created in the liver. We studied three groups of rats. In one group the rats were omentectomized; in another group the omentum was left in situ and was not activated,and in the third group the omentum was activated by polydextran particles. METHODS:We pre-activated the omentum by injecting polydextran particles and then made a small wedge wound in the rat liver to allow the omentum to fuse to the wound. We monitored the regeneration of the liver by determining the ratio of liver weight/body weight,by histological evaluation (including immune staining for cytokeratin-19,an oval cell marker),and by testing for developmental gene activation using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS:There was no liver regeneration in the omentectomized rats,nor was there significant regeneration when the omentum was not activated,even though in this instance the omentum had fusedwith the liver. In contrast,the liver in the rats with the activated omentum expanded to a size 50% greater than the original,and there was histologically an interlying tissue between the wounded liver and the activated omentum in which bile ducts,containing cytokeratin-19 positive oval cells,extended from the wound edge. In this interlying tissue,oval cells were abundant and appeared to proliferate to form new liver tissue. In rats pre-treated with drugs that inhibited hepatocyte growth,liver proliferation was ongoing,indicating that regeneration of the liver was the result of oval cell expansion. CONCLUSION:Activated omentum facilitates liver regeneration following injury by a mechanism that depends largely on oval cell proliferation. | Ashok K Singh Nishit Pancholi Jilpa Patel Natalia O Litbarg Krishnamurthy P Gudehithlu Perianna Sethupathi Mark Kraus George Dunea Jose AL Arruda | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，9： | 2 |
| 5 | Diffuse panbronchiolitis in rheumatoid arthritis显示文摘 | Homma S Kawabata M Kishi K t al | 1998 | Eur Respir J1998，2，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Outcomes of staged hepatectomies for liver malignancy显示文摘Liver malignancies are the fifth most common cause of death worldwide.Surgical intervention with curative intent is the treatment of choice for liver tumors as it provides long-term survival.However,only 20%of patients with metastatic liver lesions can be managed by curative liver resection.In most of the cases,hepatectomy is not feasible because of insufficient future liver remnant(FLR).Two-stage hepatectomy is advocated to achieve liver resection in a patient who is considered to not be a candidate for resection.Procedures of staged hepatectomy include conventional two-stage hepatectomy,portal vein embolization,and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for a staged hepatectomy.Technical success is high for each of these procedures but variable between them.All the procedures have been reported as being effective in achieving a satisfactory FLR and completing the second-stage resection.Moreover,the overall survival and disease-free survival rates have improved significantly for patients who were otherwise considered nonresectable;yet,an increase in the morbidity and mortality rates has been observed.We suggest that this type of procedure should be carried out in high-flow centers and through a multidisciplinary approach.An experienced surgeon is key to the success of those interventions. | Naif A Albati Ali A Korairi Ibrahim Al Hasan Helayel K Almodhaiberi Abdullah A Algarni | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，6： | 2 |
| 7 | Synergy between Zwittermicin A and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, leurstaki against gypsy moth (Lepidoptera : Lymantriidae)显示文摘 | Broderick N A Goodman R M Raffa K F el al | 2000 | Environmental Entomology2000，29，： | 1 |
| 8 | Comparison of magnetic resonance and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in malignant pancreaficobiliary obstruction显示文摘 | STEVE K LAWRENCE H WILLIAM R el al | 1999 | Arch Surg1999，134，： | 1 |
| 9 | Reflective Tomography Images from Range-resolved Laser Radar Measurements 显示文摘 | PARKER J K CRAIG E B KLICK D L el al | 1988 | Applied Optics1988，27，13： | 1 |
| 10 | High enzyme concentration model for the kinetics of hydrolysis of oils by lipase 显示文摘 | AL - ZUHAtR S HASAN M RAMACHANDRAN K B | 2004 | Chem Eng2004，103，13： | 1 |
| 11 | Genetic polymorphisms influencing arsenic metabolism: evidence from Argentina显示文摘 | Schlawicke EKS Broberg K Concha G ct al | 2007 | Environ Health Perspcct2007，115，： | 1 |
| 12 | Effects of cinnamaldehyde, garlic and juniper berry essential oils on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing lambs显示文摘 | Chaves A V Stanford K Dugan M E R eL al | 2008 | Livestock Science2008，117，23： | 1 |
| 13 | Anterior-only stabilization of three-column thoracolumbar injuries 显示文摘 | Sasso RC Renkens K Hanson D eL al | 2005 | J Spinal Disord Tech2005，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Altered Gut Flora and Environment in Patients with severe SIRS 显示文摘 | Shimizu K Oqura H Goto M et al | 2006 | J Trauma2006，60，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Kinetics for thermal oxidation of lean methane-air gas mixtures in reverse-flow reactors 显示文摘 | GOSIEWSKI K WARMUZINSKI K JASCHIK M et al | 2007 | Chemical and Process Engineering2007，，28： | 1 |
| 16 | Roles of prostaglandin I2 and thromboxane A2 in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion iniury: a study using mice lacking their respectivereceptors显示文摘 | Xiao CY Hara A Yuhki K el al | 2001 | Circulation2001，104，18： | 1 |
| 17 | Molecular cloning and characterization of isomultiflorenol synthase, a new triterpene synthase from Luffa cylindrica, involved in biosynthesis of bryonolic acid显示文摘 | Huang P Inoue K et al | 2001 | Eur J Biochem2001，268，： | 1 |
| 18 | JAK2/STAT3 directs cardiomyogenesis within murine embryonic stem cells in vitro显示文摘 | Rodriguez G Hoel B et al | 2005 | Stem Cells2005，23，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Cardiac stem cells delivered intravascularly traverse the vessel barrier,regenerate infarcted myocardium,and improve cardiac function显示文摘 | STEIN AB URBANEK K et al | 2005 | Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A2005，102，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Baculovirus expression of the small genome segment of Hantaan virus and potential use of the expressed nucleocapsid protein as a diagnostic antigen显示文摘 | Schmal-john CS Sugiyama K Schmaljohn AL | 1988 | J GenVirol1988，69，： | 1 |
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