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| 1 | Frequency of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in Khartoum,Sudan:population based study显示文摘AIM: To assess the frequency and associated risk factors of diabetic retinopathy among Sudanese individuals with diabetes attending Makka Eye complex in Khartoum, Sudan. METHODS: The cross sectional hospital based study recruited 316 individuals with diabetes from Makkah Eye Complex Retina Clinic. Standard questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, medical history and life style characteristics. Blood samples were taken to measure Hb A1 c and lipid profile. Fundus and slit lamp examination were performed for screening of diabetic retinopathy.RESULTS: Among 316 participants, 187(59.2%) were males and 129(40.8%) were females. The mean age of participants was 58.7±10.5y. The overall frequency of retinopathy was 261(82.6%). The percentages of the total participants with proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR) were 126(39.9%) and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR) were 135(42.7%). Importantly, duration of diabetes mellitus(DM)(72.2% of more than 10y), being on oral hypoglycaemic drugs(versus insulin), and hypertension were all significant risk factors for diabetic retinopathy(P=0.00, 0.01 and 0.00 respectively). Complications ofdiabetes like diabetic foot(17.7%), history of amputation(6.7%) and clinically significant macular edema(CSME)(47.4%) of the eyes were all significant risk factors(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of diabetes, hypertension and CSME were found to be absolute risk factors(P=0.007, 0.003 and 0.000 respectively). Duration of DM of more than 10 y have more than double risk(OR=2.8), while having hypertension triples the risk of retinopathy(OR=3.1).CONCLUSION: High rates of diabetic retinopathy are noted among individuals with diabetes attending Makkah Eye hospital in capital Khartoum. Urgent strategies are needed to monitor and treat hypertension and optimize diabetes control in individuals with diabetes. More investment in diabetes services is urgently needed. | Einas S Elwali Ahmed O Almobarak Mona A Hassan Amir A Mahmooud Heitham Awadalla Mohamed H Ahmed | 2017 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2017，10，6： | 2 |
| 2 | Association of genetic variants with primary angle closure glaucoma in two different popula- tions显示文摘 | Awadalla M S Thapa S S Hewitt A W | 2013 | PloS one2013，8，67： | 1 |
| 3 | Characterization of cell-mediated responses to Eimeria acervulina antigens显示文摘 | Martin A Awadalla S Lillehoj H S | 1995 | Avian Disease1995，39，： | 1 |
| 4 | Characterization of large cadmium zinc telluride crystals grown by traveling heater method 显示文摘 | Chen H Awadalla S A Iniewski K | 2008 | Journal of Applied Physics2008，103，01： | 1 |
| 5 | Characterization of cell-mediated responses to Eimeria acervulina antigens 显示文摘 | Martin A Awadalla S Lillehoj H S | 1995 | Avian Diseases1995，39，： | 1 |
| 6 | Characterization of cell-mediated responses to Eimeria acervulina antigens显示文摘 | Awadalla S Lillehoj H S | 1995 | Aviandiseases1995，39，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Characterization of cellmedi-atod responses to Eimeria acemdina antigens显示文摘 | Martin A Awadalla S Lillehoj H S | 1995 | Avian Diseases1995，39，： | 1 |
| 8 | Matrix metallopro-teinase-9 genetic variation and primary angle closure glaucoma in a Caucasian population 显示文摘 | AWADALLA M S BURDON K P KUOT A | 2011 | Molecular Vision2011，17，： | 1 |
| 9 | Characterization of Large Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystals Grown by Traveling Heater Method显示文摘 | Chen H Awadalla S A Iniewski K | 2008 | Journal of Applied Physics2008，103，01： | 1 |
| 10 | Input impedance of amonopole antenna at the center of a finite ground plane显示文摘 | Awadalla K H Maclean T S M | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Adaptiveleast squares interpolation of infrared images显示文摘 | Ashiba H I Awadalla K H El-Halfawy S M | 2011 | Circuits Systems and Signal Process2011，30，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Polyeystic ovary syndrome,infertility,familial thrombophilia,familial hypo?brinolysis,recurrent loss of in vitro fertilized embryos,and miscarriage显示文摘 | Glueck C J Awadalla S G Phillips H | 2000 | Fertil Steril2000，74，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Managing newborn ileostomies显示文摘 | Crealey M Walsh M Awadalla S | 2014 | Ir Med J2014，107，： | 1 |
| 14 | Characterization of cellmediatedresponses to Eimeria acervulina antigens显示文摘 | MARTIN A AWADALLA S LILLEHOJ H S | 1995 | Avian Disease1995，39，： | 1 |
| 15 | The effect of pecutrin on daily weight gains and some biochemical blood parameters in buffalo fattening calves显示文摘 | EL-SHERIF M AWADALLA S FAYED A | 1981 | Vet Med Rundschau1981，2，： | 1 |
| 16 | Effect of high and low temperatures on the drugstore beetle(Coleoptera:Anobiidae)显示文摘 | Abdelghany A Y Awadalla S S Abdel-Baky N F | 2010 | J Econ Entomol2010，103，5： | 1 |
| 17 | The dilemma of success: percutaneous coronary interventions in patients > or = 75 years of age-successful but associated with higher vascular complications and cardiac mortality显示文摘 | Assali A R Moustapha A Sdringola S Salloum J Awadalla H Saikia S | 2003 | Catheter Cardiovasc Interv2003，59，： | 1 |
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