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| 1 | Nanoencapsulation of arsenate with nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI):A 3D perspective显示文摘The principal forces driving the efficient enrichment and encapsulation of arsenic(As) into nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI) are the disordered arrangement of the atoms and the gradient chemical potentials within the core-shell interface. The chemical compositions and the fine structure of nZVI are characterized with a combination of spherical aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy(Cs-STEM), X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy(XEDS), electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS), and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(HR-XPS). Atomically resolved EELS at the oxygen K-edge unfolds that the Fe species in nZVI are well stratified from Fe(Ⅲ) oxides in the outermost periphery to a mixed Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ) interlayer, then Fe(Ⅱ) oxide and the pure Fe(0) phase. Reactions between As(Ⅴ)and nZVI suggest that a well-structured local redox gradient exists within the shell layer, which serves as a thermodynamically favorable conduit for electron transfer from the iron core to the surface-bound As(Ⅴ). HR-XPS with ion sputtering shows that arsenic species shift from As(Ⅴ), As(Ⅲ)/As(Ⅴ) to As(Ⅴ)/As(Ⅲ)/As(0) from the iron oxide shell–water interface to the Fe(0) core. Results reinforce previous work on the efficacy of nZVI for removing and remediating arsenic while the analytical TEM methods are also applicable to the study of environmental interfaces and surface chemistry. | Airong Liu Wei Wang Jing Liu Rongbing Fu Wei-xian Zhang | 2018 | Science Bulletin2018，63，24： | 8 |
| 2 | N-P fertilization did not reduce AMF abundance or diversity but alter AMF composition in an alpine grassland infested by a root hemiparasitic plant显示文摘Fertilization has been shown to have suppressive effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and root hemiparasites separately in numerous investigations, but its effects on AMF in the presence of root hemiparasites remain untested. In view of the contrasting nutritional effects of AMF and root hemiparasites on host plants, we tested the hypothesis that fertilization may not show strong suppressive effects on AMF when a plant community was infested by abundant hemiparasitic plants. Plants and soil samples were collected from experimental field plots in Bayanbulak Grassland, where N and P fertilizers had been applied for three continuous years for control against a spreading root hemiparasite, Pedicularis kansuensis. Shoot and root biomass of each plant functional group were determined. Root AMF colonization levels, soil spore abundance, and extraradical hyphae length density were measured for three soil depths(0 e10 cm, 10 e20 cm, 20 e30 cm). Partial 18 S r RNA gene sequencing was used to detect AMF diversity and community composition. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between relative abundance of different AMF genera and environmental factors using Spearman's correlation method. In contrast to suppressive effects reported by many previous studies, fertilization showed no significant effects on AMF root colonization or AMF species diversity in the soil. Instead, a marked increase in soil spore abundance and extraradical hyphae length density were observed. However, fertilization altered relative abundance and AMF composition in the soil. Our results support the hypothesis that fertilization does not significantly influence the abundance and diversity of AMF in a plant community infested by P. kansuensis. | Xuezhao Wang Xiaolin Sui Yanyan Liu Lei Xiang Ting Zhang Juanjuan Fu Airong Li Peizhi Yang | 2018 | Plant Diversity2018，40，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Response and Long-Term Effect of Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Receiving Neo-Adjuvant Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy显示文摘OBJECTIVE The breast cancer lack of expression of estrogenreceptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermalgrowth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is defined as the Triple-negativebreast cancer (TNBC). Our purpose is to compare the responseand long-term effect of the TNBC and non-TNBC patientsreceiving neo-adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy, and toinvestigate the mechanisms of TNBC affecting the survivals.METHODS Data of long-term follow-up (median, 5.4 years)of 326 patients who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy withanthracycline-based regimen, during a period from 2000 to 2003,were analyzed. Expressions of ER, PR, HER-2, P53, Ki-67 andE-cadherin were determined using immunohistochemical stainingmethod. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was used toanalyze independent prognostic factors affecting the relapse-freesurvival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. Clinical effects ofthe neo-adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapeutic regimenand the RFS and OS rates were compared between the patientswith TNBC and non-TNBC, and the correlations among the triple-negative phenotype (TNP), tumor grading and the expressions ofP53, Ki-67 and E-cadherins were analyzed.RESULTS TNP, TNM staging, histological grades, clinicalresponse of the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and pathologicalcomplete remission (pCR) rate were the independent prognosticfactors affecting the survival rates. Furthermore, 70 (21.5%) of the326 patients suffered TNBC. Compared with the subjects in non-TNBC group, the patients with TNBC had a significantly higherpCR rate (P = 0.046) and clinical response rate (P = 0.037), but alsodecreased 5-year RFS (P = 0.001) and OS (P = 0.004) rates. TheRFS and OS rates were not improved in the TNBC patients whoachieved a clinical remission after the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.The triple-negative phenotype was positively correlated with thelevel of P53, Ki-67 expression (P = 0.007, P = 0.028), but negativelycorrelated with level of E-cadherin (P = 0.034).CONCLUSION Both clinical remission rate and pCR rate ofthe TNBC patients receiving neo-adjuvant anthracycline-basedchemotherapy are high, however, the long-term effect is poor.The mechanism may relate to a strong potential of proliferationand invasive metastasis, as well as lack of an effective therapeutictarget in the TNBC patients. | Zhengkui Sun Xingtian Ma Yudong Wu Fan Fan Xianghua Wan Airong Fu | 2009 | Clinical oncology and cancer resexreh2009，6，3： | 1 |
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