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| 1 | The Use of Single-Phase Immersion Cooling by Using Two Types of Dielectric Fluid for Data Center Energy Savings显示文摘Data centers are recognized as one of the most important aspects of the fourth industrial revolution since conventional data centers are inefficient and have dependency on high energy consumption,in which the cooling is responsible for 40%of the usage.Therefore,this research proposes the immersion cooling method to solving the high energy consumption of data centers by cooling its component using two types of dielectric fluids.Four stages of experimentalmethods are used,such as fluid types,cooling effectiveness,optimization,and durability.Furthermore,benchmark software is used to measure the CPU maximum work with the temperature data performed for 24 h.The results of this study show that the immersion cooling reduces 13℃ lower temperature than the conventional cooling method which means it saves more energy consumption in the data center.The most optimum variable used to decrease the temperature is 1.5 lpm of flow rate and 800 rpm of fan rotation.Furthermore,the cooling performance of the dielectric fluids shows that the mineral oil(MO)is better than the virgin coconut oil(VCO).In durability experiment,there are no components damage after five months immersed in the fluid. | Nugroho Agung Pambudi Awibi Muhamad Yusuf Alfan Sarifudin | 2022 | Energy Engineering2022，119，1： | 2 |
| 2 | A cohesive damage-friction inter-face model accounting for water pressure on crack propagation显示文摘 | Alfan G Marfia S | 2006 | Computer Methods Appl Mech Eng2006，196，： | 1 |
| 3 | Soil metabolism in beech forests of Monte Tabumo(Campania Apennines)显示文摘 | ALFANE A SAPIO S | 1976 | Oikos1976，，27： | 1 |
| 4 | Expectations,preferences,and feeling crowded in recreation activities显示文摘 | Shelby B Heberlein T.H Vaske J.J Alfan G | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Soil metabolism inbeech forests of Monte Tabumo (Campania Apennines) 显示文摘 | VIRZO DE SANTO A ALFANE A SAPIO S | 1976 | Oikos1976，27，： | 1 |
| 6 | Prospects and Challenges of Utilizing Solar Energy for the COVID-19 Vaccine Cold Storage in Remote Clinics of Tropical Countries:Review显示文摘The rapid spread of COVID-19 pandemic has forced several countries in the world to store vaccines in cold storage towards ensuring their protection from being damaged and to maintain their stability.However,most remote clinics,especially those in the equator and islands,are faced with the challenges of hot climates and the inability to afford electricity resources needed to power the cold storage facility.Meanwhile,the hot equatorial region has abundant solar energy to power the vaccine cold storage but previous studies showed that several field workers do not have the ability to maintain the vaccine storage temperature as indicated by the manufacturer’s recommendations.Therefore,this literature review study examines the prospects and challenges of implementing solar-powered cold storage to provide cooling space for remote clinics.This is expected to contribute significantly to cold chain vaccine management technology.The findings showed that four technology integration schemes including Cold Storage Ice Maker,Cold Storage Ice Maker-PCM,Refrigerator-Ice Maker and,Absorbing Cooling-PV-Ice Maker have the potential to be applied in clinics situated in certain tropical regions. | Indra Mamad Gandidi Apri Wiyono Nugroho Agung Pambudi Rahmat Romadhon Alfan Sarifudin | 2022 | Energy Engineering2022，119，4： | 0 |
| 7 | Engine Performance Using Blended Fuels of Biodiesel and Eco Diesel显示文摘Diesel engines is an internal combustion engine with high thermal efficiency,which also uses biodiesel fuel,an environmentally friendly,non-toxic,and low sulfur content.Biodiesel has been around for a long time due to its similar characteristics to diesel fuels which has limited availability.However,several disadvantages are associated with biodiesel,such as poor volatility and high viscosity,which reduces engine performance.Therefore,this study was carried out to improve the diesel engine performance by mixing biodiesel with ecodiesel(ED),an additive produced from natural ingredients that is dissolvable in biodiesel.The biodiesel fuel properties used are density 860 kg/m3,dynamic viscosity 4.50E-06 m2/s,cetane number 45,and flashpoint 52°C.The results showed that biodiesel-ED mixture could improve engine performance and the optimum performance was at a speed of 3000 rpm on 43.30(kW),124.93(N.m)of the engine torque,and 2.45E–5(kg/kW.s)of the specific fuel consumption.According to paired sample t-test,the difference in the engine performance is only experienced in the torque,which has a significant increase in the composition of the biodiesel+ED by 0.07 gr mixture. | Muhammad Idris IHusin Indra Hermawan Uun Novalia RDBatubara Nugroho Agung Pambudi Alfan Sarifudin | 2023 | Energy Engineering2023，120，1： | 0 |
| 8 | Local habitat characteristics determine butterfly diversity and community structure in a threatened Kihansi gorge forest,Southern Udzungwa Mountains,Tanzania显示文摘Background:Many species inhabiting Kihansi gorge ecosystem in Southern Udzungwa Mountains,Tanzania are threatened with extinction due to habitat loss caused by constructed hydropower plant that diverted over 90%the water off the Kihansi River.Understanding ecological correlates and structure of an animal community in perturbed ecosystems is an important way to enhancing species conservation particularly in this system,where several species are already threatened with extinction.This study assessed influences of local habitat characteristics on the butterfly abundance,species richness and diversity and examined how the butterfly community structures across three structurally heterogeneous habitats in the Kihansi gorge forest.Butterfly abundance data were collected using baited traps and measured environmental variables in the field,where trapping occurred.To understand the diversity and butterfly richness,these parameters were computed under Primer software.Non-metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of community similarity were used to analyse the butterfly community structure.Furthermore,the generalized linear models(GLM)were used to assess how the measured variables explained observed species diversity,abundance,and richness.Results:In total,72 species of butterfly in five families were recorded.Butterfly species diversity and richness did not vary across the habitat types or elevation gradient but showed strong correlation with some habitat characteristics.In addition,there was evidence of butterfly communities structuring into distinct groups that showed greater separation associated with the habitat characteristics they utilise.Furthermore,across the study area,butterfly species diversity increased significantly in high canopy and in trees with smaller DBH and at lower ground cover.Similarly,abundance significantly increased in the woodland and wooded grassland habitats,where there was high canopy and where tree density was high.Furthermore,butterfly species richness was strongly positively associated with high canopy cover and mostly increased in sites closer to water source.Conclusion:First,this study shows strong positive correlation between the habitat characteristics and butterfly species and community structure,suggesting strongly that maintaining habitat quality should be a priority in conserving the butterfly communities in Kihansi.Second,conservation of environmental disturbance indicator butterfly taxa which are also endemic and rare is worthy of concern under the ongoing human-induced threats in the area.It is appropriate time that the Tanzania government should declare the Kihansi gorge forest among existing protected areas to secure effective conservation of biological diversity in this threatened ecosystem.Third,the ants–butterfly symbionts and their links to the potential lichen depletion are still unclear,and thus future research should explore the trophic cascades of depleting habitat quality on the endemic and rare butterfly species in the Kihansi gorge. | Alfan Abeid Rija | 2022 | Ecological Processes2022，11，1： | 0 |
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