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| 1 | Helicobacter pylori in human health and disease:Mechanisms for local gastric and systemic effects显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is present in roughly 50% of the human population worldwide and infection levels reach over 70% in developing countries. The infection has classically been associated with different gastro-intestinal diseases, but also with extra gastric diseases. Despite such associations, the bacterium frequently persists in the human host without inducing disease, and it has been suggested that H. pylori may also play a beneficial role in health. To understand how H. pylori can produce such diverse effects in the human host, several studies have focused on understanding the local and systemic effects triggered by this bacterium. One of the main mechanisms by which H. pylori is thought to damage the host is by inducing local and systemic inflammation. However, more recently, studies are beginning to focus on the effects of H. pylori and its metabolism on the gastric and intestinal microbiome. The objective of this review is to discuss how H. pylori has co-evolved with humans, how H. pylori presence is associated with positive and negative effects in human health and how inflammation and/or changes in the microbiome are associated with the observed outcomes. | Denisse Bravo Anilei Hoare Cristopher Soto Manuel A Valenzuela Andrew FG Quest | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，28： | 32 |
| 2 | Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and epigenetic changes during gastric carcinogenesis显示文摘The sequence of events associated with the development of gastric cancer has been described as 'the gastric precancerous cascade'. This cascade is a dynamic process that includes lesions, such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. According to this model, Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection targets the normal gastric mucosa causing non-atrophic gastritis, an initiating lesion that can be cured by clearing H. pylori with antibiotics or that may then linger in the case of chronic infection and progress to atrophic gastritis. The presence of virulence factors in the infecting H. pylori drives the carcinogenesis process. Independent epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed the sequential progression of these precancerous lesions. Particularly long-term follow-up studies estimated a risk of 0.1% for atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia and 6% in case of dysplasia for the long-term development of gastric cancer. With this in mind, a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with progression of the cascade is critical in determining the risk of gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection. In this review, we will summarize some of the mostrelevant mechanisms and focus predominantly but not exclusively on the discussion of gene promoter methylation and mi RNAs in this context. | Manuel A Valenzuela Jimena Canales Alejandro H Corvalán Andrew FG Quest | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，45： | 33 |
| 3 | Detection and management of tracheal steno- sis following cuffed tube tracheostomy显示文摘 | Pearson FG Andrews MJ | 1971 | Ann Thorac Surg1971，12，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Chloroquine:Mechanism of Drug Action'and Resistance In< I> Plasmodium Falciparum 显示文摘 | Andrew FG Slater | 1993 | Pharmacology Therapeutics1993，57，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Rapid silver staining and recovery of PCR products separated on polyacrylamide gels 显示文摘 | Carlos JS Emmanuel DN Andrew FG | 1994 | Biotechniques1994，17，： | 1 |
| 6 | Detection and management of tracheal stenosis following cuffed tube tracheostomy显示文摘 | Pearson FG Andrews MJ | 1971 | Ann Thorac Surg1971，12，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Rapid silver staining and recovery of PCR products separated on polyacrylamide gels显示文摘 | CARLOS JS EMMANUEL DN ANDREW FG | 1994 | Biotechniques1994，17，5： | 1 |
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