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| 1 | Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review显示文摘To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials(DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes(i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi(ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe' status for ruminants. | Anil K Puniya Abdelfattah Z M Salem Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Gareth W Griffith Monica Puniya Sreenivas R Ravella Nikhil Kumar Tejpal Dhewa Ravinder Kumar | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 17 |
| 2 | Circular smooth muscle contributes to esophageal shortening during peristalsis显示文摘AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal compared to proximal esophagus during peristalsis,the angles between the LSM and CSM layers were measured in 9 cadavers.The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis propria was exposed after stripping the outer serosa.The inner circular layer of the muscularis propria was then revealed after dissection of the esophageal mucosa and the underlying muscularis mucosa.Photographs of each specimen were taken with half of the open esophagus folded back showing both the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers.Angles were measured every one cm for 10 cm proximal to the squamocolumnar junction(SCJ) by two independent investigators.Two human esophagi were obtained from organ transplant donors and the angles between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers were measured using micro-computed tomography(micro CT) and Image J software.RESULTS:All data are presented as mean ± SE.The CSM to LSM angle at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to SCJ on the autopsy specimens was 69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 74.9 ± 3.09 degrees,P = 0.32.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ were statistically significantly lower than at 2,3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 82.58 ± 1.34 degrees,84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.013,P = 0.008,P = 0.004,P = 0.009 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ was also statistically significantly lower than the angles at 6,7 and 8 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 80.18 ± 2.09 degrees,81.81 ± 1.75 degrees and 80.96 ± 2.04 degrees,P = 0.05,P = 0.02,P = 0.03 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at 1 cm proximal to SCJ was statistically significantly lower than at 3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,74.94 ± 3.09 degrees vs 84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.019,P = 0.008,P = 0.02 respectively.At 10 cm above SCJ the angle was 80.06 ± 2.13 degrees which is close to being perpendicular but less than 90 degrees.The CSM to LSM angles measured on virtual dissection of the esophagus and the stomach on micro CT at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to the SCJ were 48.39 ± 0.72 degrees and 50.81 ± 1.59 degrees.Rather than the angle of the CSM and LSM being perpendicular in the esophagus we found an acute angulation between these two muscle groups throughout the lower 10 cm of the esophagus.CONCLUSION:The oblique angulation of the CSM may contribute to the significantly greater shortening of distal esophagus when compared to the mid and proximal esophagus during peristalsis. | Anil K Vegesna Keng-Yu Chuang Ramashesai Besetty Steven J Phillips Alan S Braverman Mary F Barbe Michael R Ruggieri Larry S Miller | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 7 |
| 3 | Novel diet-related mouse model of colon cancer parallels human colon cancer显示文摘AIM:To investigate the close parallels between our novel diet-related mouse model of colon cancer and human colon cancer.METHODS:Twenty-two wild-type female mice(ages 6-8 wk)were fed the standard control diet(AIN-93G)and an additional 22 female mice(ages 6-8 wk)were fed the control diet supplemented with 0.2%deoxycho-lic acid[diet+deoxycholic acid(DOC)]for 10 mo.Tu-mors occurred in the colons of mice fed diet+DOC and showed progression to colon cancer[adenocarcinoma(AC)].This progression is through the stages of tubular adenoma(TA),TA with high grade dysplasia or ad-enoma with sessile serrated morphology,intramucosal AC,AC stage T1,and AC stage T2.The mouse tumors were compared to human tumors at the same stages by histopathological analysis.Sections of the small and large intestines of mice and humans were evaluated for glandular architecture,cellular and nuclear morphology including cellular orientation,cellular and nuclear atyp-ia,pleomorphism,mitotic activity,frequency of goblet cells,crypt architecture,ulceration,penetration of crypts through the muscularis mucosa and presence of malignant crypts in the muscularis propria.In addition,preserved colonic tissues from genetically similar male mice,obtained from a prior experiment,were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.The male mice had been fed the control diet or diet+DOC.Four molecular markers were evaluated:8-OH-dG,DNA repair protein ERCC1,autophagy protein beclin-1 and the nuclear location of beta-catenin in the stem cell region of crypts.Also,male mice fed diet+DOC plus 0.007%chlorogenic acid(diet+DOC+CGA)were evaluated for ERCC1,beclin-1 and nuclear location of beta-catenin.RESULTS:Humans with high levels of diet-relatedDOC in their colons are at a substantially increased riskof developing colon cancer.The mice fed diet+DOChad levels of DOC in their colons comparable to that ofhumans on a high fat diet.The 22 mice without addedDOC in their diet had no colonic tumors while 20 ofthe 22 mice(91%)fed diet+DOC developed colonictumors.Furthermore,the tumors in 10 of these mice(45%of mice)included an adenocarcinoma.All micewere free of cancers of the small intestine.Histopatho-logically,the colonic tumor types in the mice werevirtually identical to those in humans.In humans,char-acteristic aberrant changes in molecular markers can be detected both in field defects surrounding cancers(from which cancers arise)and within cancers.In thecolonic tissues of mice fed diet+DOC similar changesin biomarkers appeared to occur.Thus,8-OH-dG wasincreased,DNA repair protein ERCC1 was decreased,autophagy protein beclin-1 was increased and,in thestem cell region at the base of crypts there was sub-stantial nuclear localization of beta-catenin as well asincreased cytoplasmic beta-catenin.However,in micefed diet+DOC+CGA(with reduced frequency ofcancer)and evaluated for ERCC1,beclin-1,and beta-catenin in the stem cell region of crypts,mouse tissueshowed amelioration of the aberrancies,suggestingthat chlorogenic acid is protective at the molecular levelagainst colon cancer.This is the first diet-related modelof colon cancer that closely parallels human progressionto colon cancer,both at the histomorphological level aswell as in its molecular profile.CONCLUSION:The diet-related mouse model of coloncancer parallels progression to colon cancer in humans,and should be uniquely useful in model studies of pre-vention and therapeutics. | Anil R Prasad Shilpa Prasad Huy Nguyen Alexaner Facista Cristy Lewis Beryl Zaitlin Harris Bernstein Carol Bernstein | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，7： | 2 |
| 4 | How location and cellular signaling combine to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome显示文摘NOD-,LRR-,and pyrin domain-containing 3(NLRP3)is a cytosolic innate immune sensor of cellular stress signals,triggered by infection and sterile inflammation.Upon detection of an activating stimulus,NLRP3 transitions from an inactive homo-oligomeric multimer into an active multimeric inflammasome,which promotes the helical oligomeric assembly of the adaptor molecule ASC.ASC oligomers provide a platform for caspase-1 activation,leading to the proteolytic cleavage and activation of proinflammatory cytokines in the IL-1 family and gasdermin D,which can induce a lytic form of cell death.Recent studies investigating both the cellular requirement for NLRP3 activation and the structure of NLRP3 have revealed the complex regulation of NLRP3 and the multiple steps involved in its activation.This review presents a perspective on the biochemical and cellular processes controlling the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome with particular emphasis on structural regulation and the role of organelles.We also highlight the latest research on metabolic control of this inflammatory pathway and discuss promising clinical targets for intervention. | Anil Akbal Alesja Dernst Marta Lovotti Matthew S.J.Mangan Róisín M.McManus Eicke Latz | 2022 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2022，19，11： | 2 |
| 5 | Troglitazone prevents and dexamethasone induced insulin resistance on glycogen synthesis in 3T3 adipocyte 显示文摘 | Anil Kumar K L Marita A R | 2000 | Br J Pharmacol2000，130，： | 1 |
| 6 | Alpha amylase from a fungal culture grown on oil cakes and its properties 显示文摘 | SUMITRA R ANIL K KESAVAN M | 2004 | Braz Arch Biol Techn2004，47，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles:Programmes and Prospects显示文摘 | Anil R Pustam | 2002 | Military Technology2002，，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Bolt length requirement in underground openings 显示文摘 | Goel R K Anil Swarup Sheorey P R | 2007 | International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences2007，44，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Dielectric properties of human colostrum at microwave frequency显示文摘 | ANIL L CHADRASEKHARAN R VINU T | 2007 | Journal of Microwave Power & Electromagnetic Energy2007，41，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Effect of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) on the electrical conductivity of polyaniline 显示文摘 | KOPPALKAR R ANIL K AMEENA | 2009 | Physica B2009，404，16： | 1 |
| 11 | Formation of hydrothermal deposits at Kings Triple Junction, northern Lau back-arc basin SW Pacific: The geochemical perspectives 显示文摘 | Anil L P Durbar R Balaram V | 2001 | Journal of AsianEarth Sciences2001，38，34： | 1 |
| 12 | Effect of cylinder speed and feed rate on the performance of thresher显示文摘 | Anil J Guruswamy T Desai S R | 1998 | Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences1998，，4： | 1 |
| 13 | On-line fingerprint verification显示文摘 | Lin Hong Bolle R | 1997 | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence1997，19，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Temperate intercropping of cereals for forage: A review of the potential for growth and utilization with particular reference to the UK显示文摘 | Anil L J Park R H Phipps M F A | 1998 | Grass Forage Science1998，53，： | 1 |
| 15 | Temperate intercropping of cereals for forage: A review of the potential for growth and utilization with partlcular reference to the UK显示文摘 | Anil L Park J Phipps R H etal | 1998 | Grass Forage Science1998，53，： | 1 |
| 16 | Focus on molecules: aldose reductase 显示文摘 | Anil K P Bhanuprakash R G | 2007 | Exp Eye Res2007，85，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Rdationship between white matter hyperintensities, cortical thickness, and cognition显示文摘 | Anil M T Andrew T R Elena S | 2015 | Stroke2015，46，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Development and standardization of a piezo electric immunobiosensor for foot and mouth disease virus typing 显示文摘 | Gajendragad M R Kamath K N Anil P Y | 2001 | Vet Microbiol2001，2678，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Troglitazone prevents and re- verses dexamethasone included insulin resistance on glyco- gen synthesis in 333 adipocyte 显示文摘 | Anil Kumar K L Marita A R | 2000 | British Jourmal of Pharmacology2000，130，： | 1 |
| 20 | Minimum-variance estimation of re-entry debris trajectories显示文摘 | Anil V R | 1999 | AIAA-99-41661999，，： | 1 |
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