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| 1 | Hepatitis B genotypes: Relation to clinical outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis B in Saudi Arabia显示文摘AIM: To identify the most common hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in Saudi Arabia, and correlate the prevailing genotypes with the clinical outcome of patients. METHODS: Patients were consecutively recruited from the hepatology clinics of two tertiary care referral cen- ters. Patients were categorized into 4 different groups: group 1, patients with hepatitis B and normal liver en- zymes; group 2, patients with hepatitis B and abnormal liver enzymes but without cirrhosis; group 3, patients with hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis; group 4, patients with hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma. All patients had a positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Ge- notyping of HBV was performed by nested PCR-mediated amplification of the target sequence and hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotides. RESULTS: Seventy patients were enrolled in this study. They were predominantly male (72.9%) in their mid- forty’s (mean age 47 years). Forty-nine (70%) patients were hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) negative. The majority of patients (64%) acquired HBV through unknown risk factors. Hepatitis B genotyping revealed that 57 patients (81.4%) were genotype D, 1 patient (1.4%) had genotype A, 1 patient (1.4%) had geno- type C, and 4 patients (5.7%) had genotype E, while 7 patients (10%) had mixed genotype (4 patients ADG, 1 patient DE, 1 patient DF, and 1 patient ADFG). Based on univariate analysis of genotype D patients, significant predictors of advanced liver disease were age, gender, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, albumin,bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase (all P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis decreased hemoglobin (r = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.08 to -0.03; P = 0.001) and albumin levels (r = -0.004; 95% CI: -0.007 to -0.001; P = 0.002) were highly significant predictors of advanced liver disease. In patients with HBV genotype D, HBeAg negativity was found to increase across advancing stages of liver dis- ease (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: This study highlights that the vast ma- jority of Saudi patients with chronic hepatitis B have genotype D. No correlation could be observed between the different genotypes and epidemiological or clinical factors. The relationship between genotype D and HBeAg status in terms of disease severity needs to be further elucidated in larger longitudinal studies. | Ayman A Abdo Badr M Al-Jarallah Faisal M Sanai Ahmad S Hersi Khalid Al-Swat Nahla A Azzam Manal Al-Dukhayil Amira Al-Maarik Faleh Z Al-Faleh | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，43： | 7 |
| 2 | Complications and survival in patients undergoing colonic stenting for malignant obstruction显示文摘AIM:To investigate whether predicting patients that might be at a higher risk for complications might serve to improve the selection of patients undergoing colonic stenting.METHODS:A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent an attempted self-expandable metal stent(SEMS)insertion for malignant colonic obstruction between November 2006 and March 2013.All patients were either referred for preoperative colonic decompression with the intent of a single surgical procedure,or for palliation of the malignant colorectal obstruction for unresectable cancer.Fisher’s test orχ2test was performed on categorical variables,and the t test for continuous variables.Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the association between independent variables and the presence of complications from SEMS insertion.RESULTS:SEMS insertion was attempted in 73 patients.Males comprised 55.71%and the mean age was 67.41±12.41 years.Of these,65.15%underwent subsequent surgery,while 34.85%received SEMS as palliation for advanced disease.Extracolonic tumors were only4.76%.The majority of patients had stageⅣdisease(63.83%),while the remainder had stageⅢ(36.17%).SEMS were successfully inserted in 93.85%(95%CI:87.85%-99.85%).Perforations occurred in 4.10%,SEMS migration in 8.21%,and stent re-occlusion from ingrowth occurred in 2.74%of patients.The mean duration of follow up for the patients was 13.52±17.48 mo(range 0-73 mo).None of the variables:age,sex,time between the onset of symptoms to SEMS insertion,time between SEMS insertion and surgery,length of the stenosis,location of the stenosis,albumin level,or receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy,could predict the development of complications from either SEMS insertion nor prolonged survival.CONCLUSION:None of the variables could predict the development of complications or survival.Further studies are required to identify patients who would benefit the most from SEMS. | Majid A Almadi Nahla Azzam Othman Alharbi Alabbas H Mohammed Nazia Sadaf Abdulrahman M Aljebreen | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，41： | 5 |
| 3 | Six Minute Walk Test to assess functional capacity in chronic liver disease patients显示文摘AIM: To examine the utility of Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty subjects between the ages of 18 and 80 (mean 47) years performed 6MWT and the Six Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) was measured. RESULTS: The subjects were categorized into four groups. Group A (n = 45) healthy subjects (control); group B (n = 49) chronic hepatitis B patients; group C (n = 54) chronic hepatitis C patients; group D (n = 98) liver cirrhosis patients. The four groups differed in terms of 6MWDs (P < 0.001). The longest distance walked was 421 ± 47 m by group A, then group B (390 ± 53 m), group C (357 ± 72 m) and group D (306 ± 111 m). The 6MWD correlated with age (r = -0.482, P < 0.01), hemoglobin (r = +0.373, P < 0.001) and albumin (r = +0.311, P < 0.001) levels. The Child-Pugh classification was negatively correlated with the 6MWD in cirrhosis (group D) patients (r = -0.328, P < 0.01). At the end of a 12 mo follow-up period, 15 of the 98 cirrhosis patients had died from disease complications. The 6MWD for the surviving cirrhotic patients was longer than for non-survivors (317 ± 101 vs 245 ± 145 m, P = 0.021; 95% CI 11-132). The 6MWD was found to be an independent predictor of survival (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: 6MWT is a useful tool for assessing physical function in CLD patients. We suggest that 6MWD may serve as a prognostic indicator in patients with liver cirrhosis. | Hatem F Alameri Faisal M Sanai Manal Al Dukhayil Nahla A Azzam Khalid A Al-Swat Ahmad S Hersi Ayman A Abdo | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，29： | 5 |
| 4 | Clinical epidemiology of ulcerative colitis in Arabs based on the Montréal classification显示文摘AIM:To determine the clinical,epidemiological and phenotypic characteristics of ulcerative colitis(UC)in Saudi Arabia by studying the largest cohort of Arab UC patients.METHODS:Data from UC patients attending gastroenterology clinics in four tertiary care centers in three cities between September 2009 and September 2013were entered into a validated web-based registry,inflammatory bowel disease information system(IBDIS).The IBDIS database covers numerous aspects of inflammatory bowel disease.Patient characteristics,disease phenotype and behavior,age at diagnosis,course of the disease,and extraintestinal manifestations were recorded.RESULTS:Among 394 UC patients,males comprised51.0%and females 49.0%.According to the Montréal classification of age,the major chunk of our patients belonged to the A2 category for age of diagnosis at17-40 years(68.4%),while 24.2%belonged to the A3category for age of diagnosis at>40 years.According to the same classification,a majority of patients had extensive UC(42.7%),35.3%had left-sided colitis and29.2%had only proctitis.Moreover,51.3%were in remission,16.6%had mild UC,23.4%had moderate UC and 8.6%had severe UC.Frequent relapse occurred in17.4%patients,infrequent relapse in 77%and 4.8%had chronic disease.A majority(85.2%)of patients was steroid responsive.With regard to extraintestinal manifestations,arthritis was present in 16.4%,osteopenia in 31.4%,osteoporosis in 17.1%and cutaneous involvement in 7.0%.CONCLUSION:The majority of UC cases were young people(17-40 years),with a male preponderance.While the disease course was found to be similar to that reported in Western countries,more similarities were found with Asian countries with regards to the extent of the disease and response to steroid therapy. | Othman R Alharbi Nahla A Azzam Ahmed S Almalki Majid A Almadi Khalid A Alswat Nazia Sadaf Abdulrahman M Aljebreen | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 2 |
| 5 | Prevalence and clinical features of colonic diverticulosis in a Middle Eastern population显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence, location, associations and clinical features of colonic-diverticulosis and its role as a cause of lower-gastroenterology-bleeding. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 3649 consecutive patients who under-went a colonoscopy for all indications between 2007 and 2011 at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The demographic data were collected retrospectively through the hospital's information system, electronic file system, endoscopic e-reports, and manual review of the files by two research assistants. The demographic information included the age, sex, comorbidities and indication for the colonoscopy. The association among colonic polyps, comorbidities and diverticular disease was also measured.RESULTS: A total of 270 patients out of 3649 were diagnosed with colonic diverticulosis, with a prevalence of 7.4%. The mean age was 60.82 years ± 0.833, (range 12-110). Females comprised 38.89% (95%CI: 33-44.7) of the study population. The major symp-toms were rectal bleeding in 33.6%, abdominal pain in 19.3%, constipation in 12.8% and anemia in 6%. Diverticula were predominantly left-sided (sigmoid and descending colon) in 62%, right-sided in 13% and in multiple locations in 25%. There was an association between the presence of diverticulosis and adenomatous polyps (Pvalue < 0.001), hypertension (P-value < 0.0001) and diabetes mellitus (P-value < 0.0016). Diverticular disease was the second most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, in 33.6% (95%CI: 27.7-39.4), after internal hemor-rhoids, in 44.6% (95%CI: 40.3-48.9). On multivariable logistic regression, hypertension (OR = 2.30; 95%CI: 1.29-4.10), rectal bleeding (OR = 2.57; 95%CI: 1.50-4.38), and per year increment in age (OR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.03-1.07) were associated with diverticulosis but not with bleeding diverticular disease. Limitations: A small proportion of the patients included had colo-noscopies performed as a screening test.CONCLUSION: Colonic-diverticulosis was found to have a low prevalence, be predominantly left-sided and associated with adenomatous-polyps. Age, hypertension and rectal bleeding predict the presence of diverticular disease. | Nahla Azzam Abdulrahman M Aljebreen Othman Alharbi Majid A Almadi | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013，5，8： | 2 |
| 6 | Polarization properties of corner-cube retroreflectors: theory and experiment显示文摘 | Liu J Azzam R M A | 1997 | Applied Optics1997，36，： | 1 |
| 7 | Using genetic algorithm and TOPSIS techniquefor multiobjective reactive power compensation 显示文摘 | M Azzam A A Mousa | 2011 | Electric PowerSystems Research2011，80，： | 1 |
| 8 | Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M sulfuric acid solution using anionic surfactant 显示文摘 | MIGAHED M A AZZAM EMS AL- SABAGH AM | 2004 | Materials Chemistry and Physics2004，85，： | 1 |
| 9 | Photopolarimetric measurement of the mueller matrix by fourier analysis of a single detected signal显示文摘 | AZZAM R M A | 1978 | Optics Letters1978，2，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Tagetes erecta L cultivated in Egypt显示文摘 | EI-TANTAWY M E HAMAUDA M S M AZZAM A S | 1994 | Bull Fac Pham1994，32，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M sulfuric acid solution using anionic surfactant 显示文摘 | Migahed M A Azzam E M S A1Sabagh A M | 2004 | Materials Chemistry and Physics2004，85，23： | 1 |
| 12 | Asymmetry and Rigidity in Farm-Retail Price Transmission 显示文摘 | Azzam A M | 1999 | American Journal of Agricultural Eco- nomics1999，，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Effect of excess dietary L-valine on laying hen performance,egg quality,serum free amino acids,immune function and antioxidant enzyme activity显示文摘 | AZZAM M M DONG X Y DAI L | 2014 | British Poultry Science2014，56，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Septal to free wall curvature ratio: a non-invasive index of pulmonary arterial pressure显示文摘 | Reisner SA Azzam Z Halmann M | 1994 | J Am Soc Echocardiogr1994，7，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Multiple determination of the optical constants of thin-film coating materials显示文摘 | ARNDT D P AZZAM R M | 1998 | Applied Optics1998，23，20： | 1 |
| 16 | Optical monitor for con-tamination on HV insulator surfaces 显示文摘 | MAHOMOUD F AZZAM R M | 1997 | IEEE Trans onDielectrics and Electrical Insulation1997，4，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Oxidative Metabolism Modulates Signal Transduction and Micronucle- us Formation in Bystander Cells from alpha-Particle-Irradi- ated Normal Human Fibroblast Cultures 显示文摘 | Azzam E I de Toledo S M SpitzD R | 2002 | Cancer Re- search2002，62，19： | 1 |
| 18 | Chemokine-and cytokine-induced expression of endothelin 1 and endothelin-converting enzyme 1 in endothelial cells显示文摘 | Sophie M Kanako F Azzam M | 2000 | The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2000，105，： | 1 |
| 19 | Accurate calibration of the four- detector photopolarimeter with imperfect polarization optical elements 显示文摘 | R M A Azzam A G Lopez | 1989 | J Opt Soc Am A1989，6，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Direct Evi- dence for The Participation of Gap Junction-Mediated Inter- cellular Communication in The Transmission of Damage Signals from alpha -Particle Irradiated to Non-irradiated Cells显示文摘 | Azzam E I de Toledo S M Little J B | 2001 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001，98，2： | 1 |
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