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| 1 | Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa:Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes显示文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is associated with a poor prognosis,particularly so in Africa where an alarmingly high mortality to incidence ratio prevails for this disease.AIM To provide further understanding of EC in the context of the unique cultural and genetic diversity,and socio-economic challenges faced on the African continent.METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies from Africa to obtain data on epidemiology,risk factors,management and outcomes of EC.A non-systematic review was used to obtain incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer,and the Cancer in Sub-Saharan reports.We searched EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central from inception to March 2019 and reviewed the list of articles retrieved.Random effects metaanalyses were used to assess heterogeneity between studies and to obtain odds ratio(OR)of the associations between EC and risk factors;and incidence rate ratios for EC between sexes with their respective 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS The incidence of EC is higher in males than females,except in North Africa where it is similar for both sexes.The highest age-standardized rate is from Malawi(30.3 and 19.4 cases/year/100000 population for males and females,respectively)followed by Kenya(28.7 cases/year/100000 population for both sexes).The incidence of EC rises sharply after the age of 40 years and reaches a peak at 75 years old.Meta-analysis shows a strong association with tobacco(OR 3.15,95%CI:2.83-3.50).There was significant heterogeneity between studies on alcohol consumption(OR 2.28,95%CI:1.94-2.65)and on low socioeconomic status(OR 139,95%CI:1.25-1.54)as risk factors,but these could also contribute to increasing the incidence of EC.The best treatment outcomes were with esophagectomy with survival rates of 76.6%at 3 years,and chemo-radiotherapy with an overall combined survival time of 267.50 d.CONCLUSION Africa has high incidence and mortality rates of EC,with preventable and nonmodifiable risk factors.Men in this setting are at increased risk due to their higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption.Management requires a multidisciplinary approach,and survival is significantly improved in the setting of esophagectomy and chemoradiation therapy. | Akwi W Asombang Nathaniel Chishinga Alick Nkhoma Jackson Chipaila Bright Nsokolo Martha Manda-Mapalo Joao Filipe G Montiero Lewis Banda Kulwinder S Dua | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 9 |
| 2 | Esophageal squamous cell cancer in a highly endemic region显示文摘AIM: To identify risk factors associated with esophageal cancer in Zambia and association between dietary intake and urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2α(8-iso PGF2α).METHODS: We conducted a prospective, case control study at the University Teaching Hospital. Subjects included both individuals admitted to the hospital and those presenting for an outpatient upper endoscopy. Esophageal cancer cases were compared to age and sex-matched controls. Cases were defined as patients with biopsy proven esophageal cancer; controls were defined as subjects without endoscopic evidence ofesophageal cancer. Clinical and dietary data were collected using a standard questionnaire, developed a priori. Blood was collected for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) serology. Urine was collected, and 8-iso PGF2α was measured primarily by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and expressed as a ratio to creatinine.RESULTS: Forty five controls(mean age 54.2 ± 15.3, 31 male) and 27 cases(mean age 54.6 ± 16.4, 17 males) were studied. Body mass index was lower in cases(median 16.8) than controls(median 23.2), P = 0.01. Histopathologically, 25/27(93%) were squamous cell carcinoma and 2/27(7%) adenocarcinoma. More cases smoked cigarettes(OR = 11.24, 95%CI: 1.37-92.4, P = 0.02) but alcohol consumption and HIV seropositivity did not differ significantly(P = 0.14 for both). Fruit, vegetables and fish consumption did not differ significantly between groups(P = 0.11, 0.12, and 0.10, respectively). Mean isoprostane level was significantly higher in cases(0.03 ng/mg creatinine) than controls(0.01 ng/mg creatinine)(OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.19-4.65, P = 0.014).CONCLUSION: Smoking and isoprostane levels were significantly associated with esophageal cancer in Zambians, but diet, HIV status, and alcohol consumption were not. | Akwi W Asombang Violet Kayamba Mpala M Lisulo Kathryn Trinkaus Victor Mudenda Edford Sinkala Stayner Mwanamakondo Themba Banda Rose Soko Paul Kelly | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，9： | 2 |
| 3 | The role of slag modifiers on the selective recovery of cobalt and copper from waste smelter slag 显示文摘 | Banda W Morgan N Eksteen J J | 2002 | Minerals Engineering2002，15，11： | 1 |
| 4 | A robust three-phase power flow algorithm for radial distribution systems 显示文摘 | Thukaram D Banda H M W Jerome J | 1999 | Electric Power Systems Research1999，50，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Nonlinear Simulation of a Modified F-16 with Full-Envelope Control Laws显示文摘 | Reigelsperger W C Banda S S | 1998 | Control Engineer Practice1998，6，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Primary closure versus delayed closure for nonbite traumatic wounds within 24 hours post injury显示文摘 | Eliyamasamba C Banda G W | 2010 | Cochrane Database Syst Rev2010，，00： | 1 |
| 7 | Nonlinear Simulation of a Modified F-16 with Full-Envelope Control Laws 显示文摘 | Reigelsperger W C Banda S S | 1998 | Control Engineer Practice1998，17，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Primary closure versus delayed closure for nonbite traumatic wounds within 24 hours post injury 显示文摘 | Eliya M C Banda G W | 2013 | Cochrane Database Syst Rev2013，22，00： | 1 |
| 9 | The role of slag modifiers on the selective recovery of cobalt and copper from waste smelter slag 显示文摘 | Banda W Morgan N Eksteen J J | 2002 | Minerals Engineering2002，15，1： | 1 |
| 10 | The role of slag modifiers on the selective recovery of cobalt and copper from waste smelter slag显示文摘 | Banda W Morgan N Eksteen J J | 2002 | Minerals Engineering2002，15，11： | 1 |
| 11 | Nomlinear simulation of a modified F-16 with full-enbelope control laws显示文摘 | REIGELSPERGER W C BANDA S S | 1998 | Control Engineering Practice1998，6，3： | 1 |
| 12 | The role of slagmodifiers on the selective recovery of cobalt and copper from waste smelter slag显示文摘 | W banda N Morgan I Eksteen | 2002 | Minerals Engineering2002，，15： | 1 |
| 13 | Nonlinear simulation of a modified F-16 with full-envelope control laws显示文摘 | REIGELSPERGER W C BANDA S S | 1998 | Control Engineering Practice1998，6，： | 1 |
| 14 | The role of slag modi- fiers on the selective recovery of cobalt and copper from waste smelter slag显示文摘 | Banda W Morgan N Eksteen J J | 2002 | Minerals Eng2002，15，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Nonlinear simulation of a modified F-16 with full-envelope control laws显示文摘 | Reigelsperger W C Banda S S | 1998 | Control Engineering Practice1998，6，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Coordinated control of muhisatellite systems显示文摘 | KANG W SPARKS A BANDA S | 2001 | Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics2001，24，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Woody vegetation structure and composition along a protection gradient in a miombo ecosystem of western Tanzania 显示文摘 | BANDA T SCHWARTZ M W CARO T | 2006 | Forest Ecology and Management2006，230，： | 1 |
| 18 | Nonlinear simulation of a modified F-16 with full-envelope control laws显示文摘 | Banda S S | 1998 | Control Engineer Practice1998，，6： | 1 |
| 19 | A stability structure for lattice Boltzmann equations:some computational results显示文摘 | BANDA M K YONG W A KLAR | 2003 | Parrallel Processing and Applied Methematics2003，3，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Nonlinear simulation of a modified F-16 with full-envelope control laws显示文摘 | Banda S S | 1998 | Control Engineer Practice1998，，6： | 1 |
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