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| 1 | Structural Characteristics and their Significance for Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Northern Slope of the Central Sichuan Paleo-uplift显示文摘Based on 2D and 3D seismic data,the latest drilling data and field outcrop data of the northern slope of the Central Sichuan paleo-uplift,the structural analysis method is used to analyze unconformity development characteristics and fault characteristics during the key structural transformation period,discussing the influence of the structural characteristics on the hydrocarbon accumulation of deep carbonate rocks.The results show that:(1)The two key unconformities of the Tongwan and Caledonian periods were primarily developed in deep carbonate rocks.Firstly,Tongwan’s unconformities are characterized by regional disconformities between the second and third members of the Dengying Formation,the top formation of the Sinian and the lower Cambrian,strips of which zigzag through the north and south sides of the study area.Secondly,the Caledonian unconformity is characterized by a regional unconformable contact between the lower Permian and the ower Paleozoic strata.From NE to SW,the age of the strata,which were subject to erosion,changes from new to old,the denudation distribution showing as a nose-shaped structure which inclines towards the ENE.(2)Boundary fault and transtensional strike-slip faults developed in the Sinian to Paleozoic strata.In profile,there are three types of structural styles:steep and erect,flower structures,’Y’and reversed’Y’type faults.In plane view,the Sinian developed extensional boundary faults extending in an almost NS direction,strike-slip faults developing and extending linearly in approximately EW,WNW and NE strikes in the Cambrian,with characteristically more in the south and less in the north.(3)The faults in the northern slope show obvious zonal deformations in transverse view as well as significant stages and stratified activity in a longitudinal direction.Among them,the activity of faults in the Sinian was the strongest,followed by the activity in the Cambrian period,the activity intensity of faults in the Permian period being the weakest.This fault activity can be divided into four periods:Sinian,Cambrian-Permian,the early Indosinian period and the late Indosinian-Himalayan period,the transtensional strikeslip faults being the products of oblique extensions of pre-existing weak zones in the Xingkai and Emei taphrogenesis,with a particular inheritance in the main faults.(4)Combined with hydrocarbon accumulation factors,it is considered that the epigenetic karstification of the Tongwan and Caledonian unconformities in the northern slope controlled the formation and distribution of carbonate karst reservoirs over a large area,also acting as a good pathway for oil and gas migration.The extensional faults developed at the margin of the NS trending rift,controlling the sag-platform sedimentary pattern in the Dengying Formation of the Sinian.Strike-slip faults in NE,WNW and ENE directions may control the microgeomorphological pattern inside the platform and intensify the differential distribution of grain beach facies.The multi-stage hereditary activity of strike-slip faults not only improved the porosity and permeability of the reservoirs,but also acted as the main channel of oil and gas migration,providing favorable conditions for the development of the current multi-layer gasbearing scenario in the northern slope of the Central Sichuan Basin. | TIAN Xingwang LIU Guangdi LUO Bing YANG Yu WEN Long ZHANG Benjian CHEN Xiao SU Guiping SONG Zezhang PENG Hanlin ZHOU Gang YAN Wei YANG Dailin WANG Yunlong SUN Yiting DOU Shuang | 2022 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2022，96，4： | 2 |
| 2 | Fluid evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation model of ultra-deep gas reservoirs in Permian Qixia Formation of northwest Sichuan Basin,SW China显示文摘The fluid evolution and reservoir formation model of the ultra-deep gas reservoirs in the Permian Qixia Formation of the northwestern Sichuan Basin are investigated by using thin section,cathodoluminescence,inclusion temperature and U-Pb isotopic dating,combined with gas source identification plates and reservoir formation evolution profiles established based on burial history,thermal history,reservoir formation history and diagenetic evolution sequence.The fluid evolution of the marine ultra-deep gas reservoirs in the Qixia Formation has undergone two stages of dolomitization and one phase of hydrothermal action,two stages of oil and gas charging and two stages of associated burial dissolution.The diagenetic fluids include ancient seawater,atmospheric freshwater,deep hydrothermal fluid and hydrocarbon fluids.The two stages of hydrocarbon charging happened in the Late Triassic and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous respectively,and the Middle to Late Cretaceous is the period when the crude oil cracked massively into gas.The gas reservoirs in deep marine Permian strata of northwest Sichuan feature multiple source rocks,composite transportation,differential accumulation and late finalization.The natural gas in the Permian is mainly cracked gas from Permian marine mixed hydrocarbon source rocks,with cracked gas from crude oil in the deeper Sinian strata in local parts.The scale development of paleo-hydrocarbon reservoirs and the stable and good preservation conditions are the keys to the forming large-scale gas reservoirs. | LI Jianzhong BAI Bin BAI Ying LU Xuesong ZHANG Benjian QIN Shengfei SONG Jinmin JIANG Qingchun HUANG Shipeng | 2022 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2022，49，4： | 2 |
| 3 | Structural geology and favorable exploration prospect belts in northwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China显示文摘The northwestern Sichuan region has experienced multi-stage tectonic evolution including marine cratonic basin from the Sinian to the Middle Triassic and intra-continental basin from the Late Triassic to the Cenozoic. Several regional tectonic activities caused complicated stratigraphic distribution and structural deformations in the deep-buried layers. During the key tectonic periods, some characteristic sedimentary and deformation structures were formed, including the step-shaped marginal carbonate platform of Dengying Formation, the western paleo-high at the end of Silurian, and the passive continental margin of the Late Paleozoic–Middle Triassic. The Meso-Cenozoic intra-continental compressional tectonic processes since the Late Triassic controlled the formation of complex thrusting structures surrounding and inside the northwestern basin. The northern Longmenshan fold-thrust belt has a footwall in-situ thrust structure,which is controlled by two sets of detachments in the Lower Triassic and Lower Cambrian and presents as a multi-level deformation structure with the shallow folds, the middle thin-skin thrusts and the deeper basement-involved folds. The thrust belt in front of the Micangshan Mountain shows a double-layer deformation controlled by the Lower Triassic salt detachment, which is composed by the upper monocline and deep-buried imbricate thrust structures. The interior of the basin is characterized by several rows of large-scale basement-involved folds with NEE strike direction. From the perspective of structural geology, the favorable exploration reservoirs and belts in northwestern Sichuan have obvious zoning characteristics. The favorable exploration layers of Dengying Formation of Upper Sinian are mainly distributed in the eastern and northern areas of the northwestern Sichuan Basin, in which the Jiulongshan structural belt, Zitong syncline and Yanting slope are the most favorable. The Lower Paleozoic was transformed by Caledonian paleo-uplift and late Cenozoic folding, and the midwest area such as the Zitong syncline is a potential area for hydrocarbon exploration. The favorable part of the Upper Paleozoic is mainly distributed in the northern Longmenshan belt and its frontal area, where the deep-buried thin-skin thrust structures in the footwall are the key exploration targets. | CHEN Zhuxin LI Wei WANG Lining LEI Yongliang YANG Guang ZHANG Benjian YIN Hong YUAN Baoguo | 2019 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2019，46，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Relationships of the iC4/n C4 and iC5/nC5 ratios with maturity of coal-derived gases of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in central Sichuan Basin, SW China显示文摘The original gas reservoirs in different areas and different layers of the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the central Sichuan Basin are studied to reveal the relationships of iC4/nC4 and iC5/nC5 ratios in coal-derived gas components with maturity using conventional natural gas geochemical research methods. The testing results of 73 gas samples from 8 gas fields show that the iC4/nC4 and iC5/nC5 ratios in coal-derived gas have a good positive correlation, and the correlation coefficient is above 0.8. Both the iC4/nC4 and iC5/nC5 ratios become higher with the increase of natural gas dryness coefficient (C1/C1+) and the methane carbon isotope becoming less negative. These parameters are highly correlated. This study not only reveals characteristics of heavy hydrocarbon isomers generated by coal formation, but also puts forward new identification indicators reflecting the maturity of coal-derived gas, the regression between iC4/nC4, iC5/nC5 and Ro, which can provide an important reference for maturity, migration and accumulation of coal-derived gas, and late stage reformation of coal-derived gas reservoirs. | QIN Shengfei HUANG Chunhu ZHANG Benjian YANG Yu YUAN Miao | 2019 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2019，46，3： | 0 |
| 5 | Constrains of eruption environment and hydrothermal fluid on the Permian pyroclastic reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin,SW China显示文摘A breakthrough has been recently made in the hydrocarbon exploration of the Permian pyroclastic rocks in the Jianyang Area,western Sichuan Basin,China.With an aim to decipher the impacts of the eruption environment,the temperature of hydrothermal fluids,and the paleo-salinity on the formation of authigenic mineral assemblage and pores,this study implements comprehensive petrographic and geochemical studies through the integrated core and thin section analyses.The data presented demonstrate that the Permian volcanic intervals are intensively affected by an event of Emei taphrogeny.During basaltic magma upward migration,fractional crystallization of anorthose results in slightlyalkaline magma.The specific pyroclastic rocks are formed by the eruption of slightly-alkaline magma in the sea or a salt lake and subsequent hydrothermal alteration.During deposition and diagenesis,the authigenic mineral association is constrained jointly by the sodium-rich and high salinity water environment,and mid-high temperature,high-salinity hydrothermal fluid.Specifically,the sodium-rich hydrothermal fluid,which may sustain till the late diagenesis stage,caused pervasive albitization of pyroclastic rocks,then leading to mineral transformation and formation of a series of mineral associations.Therefore,zeolitization of volcanic glass and vesicle-infillings of zeolite is an essential condition for later mineral transformation and dissolution.Albitization of analcite,recrystallization induced by deep hydrothermal fluids,and both meteoric and deep burial dissolution expanding the micro-pore space ultimately formed porous pyroclastic reservoirs. | Xiaohong Liu Yiqian Zhuo Mingyou Feng Benjian Zhang Maolong Xia Xingzhi Wang | 2022 | Petroleum2022，8，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Impact Damage Identification of Aluminum Alloy Reinforced Plate Based on GWO-ELM Algorithm显示文摘As a critical structure of aerospace equipment,aluminum alloy stiffened plate will influence the stability of spacecraft in orbit and the normal operation of the system.In this study,a GWO-ELM algorithm-based impact damage identification method is proposed for aluminum alloy stiffened panels to monitor and evaluate the damage condition of such stiffened panels of spacecraft.Firstly,together with numerical simulation,the experimental simulation to obtain the damage acoustic emission signals of aluminum alloy reinforced panels is performed,to establish the damage data.Subsequently,the amplitude-frequency characteristics of impact damage signals are extracted and put into an extreme learning machine(ELM)model to identify the impact location and damage degree,and the Gray Wolf Optimization(GWO)algorithm is employed to update the weight parameters of the model.Finally,experiments are conducted on the irregular aluminum alloy stiffened plate with the size of 2200 mm×500 mm×10 mm,the identification accuracy of impact position and damage degree is 98.90% and 99.55% in 68 test areas,respectively.Comparative experiments with ELM and backpropagation neural networks(BPNN)demonstrate that the impact damage identification of aluminum alloy stiffened plate based on GWO-ELM algorithm can serve as an effective way to monitor spacecraft structural damage. | Wei Li Benjian Zou Yuxiang Luo Ning Yang Faye Zhang Mingshun Jiang Lei Jia | 2023 | Structural Durability & Health Monitoring2023，17，6： | 0 |
| 7 | Sequence-lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics and petroleum geological significance of Lower Permian Qixia Stage in Sichuan Basin and its adjacent areas,SW China显示文摘Through the analysis of logging,field outcrops,cores and geochemical data,and based on the study of the relationships between sea level changes,sequence filling,paleo-geomorphy and lithofacies,the sequence lithofacies paleo-geography and evolution process of the Lower Permian Liangshan-Qixia Formation(Qixia Stage for short)in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas are restored.The Qixia Stage can be divided into three third-order sequences,in which SQ0,SQ1 and SQ2 are developed in the depression area,and SQ1 and SQ2 are only developed in other areas.The paleo-geomorphy reflected by the thickness of each sequence indicates that before the deposition of the Qixia Stage in the Early Permian,the areas surrounding the Sichuan Basin are characterized by“four uplifts and four depressions”,namely,four paleo-uplifts/paleo-lands of Kangdian,Hannan,Shennongjia and Xuefeng Mountain,and four depressions of Chengdu-Mianyang,Kangdian front,Jiangkou and Yichang;while the interior of the basin is characterized by“secondary uplifts,secondary depressions and alternating convex-concave”.SQ2 is the main shoal forming period of the Qixia Formation,and the high-energy mound shoal facies mainly developed in the highs of sedimentary paleo-geomorphy and the relative slope break zones.The distribution of dolomitic reservoirs(dolomite,limy dolomite and dolomitic limestone)has a good correlation with the sedimentary geomorphic highs and slope break zones.The favorable mound-shoal and dolomitic reservoirs are distributed around depressions at platform-margin and along highs and around sags in the basin.It is pointed out that the platform-margin area in western Sichuan Basin is still the key area for exploration at present;while areas around Chengdu-Mianyang depression and Guangwang secondary depression inside the platform and areas around sags in central Sichuan-southern Sichuan are favorable exploration areas for dolomitic reservoirs of the Qixia Formation in the next step. | LI Minglong TAN Xiucheng YANG Yu NI Hualing LUO Bing WEN Long ZHANG Benjian XIAO Di XU Qiang | 2022 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2022，49，6： | 0 |
| 8 | Segmented evolution of Deyang-Anyue erosion rift trough in Sichuan Basin and its significance for oil and gas exploration, SW China显示文摘Based on analysis of field survey, drilling and seismic data, the formation and evolution process of Deyang-Anyue erosion rift trough in Sichuan Basin was reconstructed, and exploration areas were divided and evaluated. The results show that:(1) Dengying Formation in and around Deyang-Anyue erosion rift trough varies widely in sedimentary characteristics. The Dengying Formation in the northern part of the erosion rift trough developed deep-water sediments, the Dengying Formation in the northern part of the basin varied gradually from basin to slope, platform margin, and restricted platform, and the Dengying Formation in the middle and southern parts of the trough developed carbonate platform facies.(2) Deyang-Anyue erosion rift trough is formed by extensional rift and karst erosion jointly, the north section of the erosion rift trough is mainly the product of tensile rift, while the middle and south sections are formed by erosion in multi-episodes of Tongwan period.(3) Based on the segmented origins of the erosion rift trough, Dengying Formation in and around it is divided into three exploration fields: lithologic mound and beach bodies at the northern platform margin of the basin, karst mound and beach bodies in the central platform, and karst residual mounds in the central southern trough of the basin, among them, the karst residual mounds in the central southern trough of the basin are a new frontier for natural gas exploration in the basin, and the lithologic mound and beach bodies at the northern platform margin are a new position for increasing the reserves of trillions of cubic meters of natural gas resources in the basin. | MA Kui WEN Long ZHANG Benjian LI Yong ZHONG Jiayi WANG Yunlong PENG Hanlin ZHANG Xihua YAN Wei DING Yi CHEN Xiao | 2022 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2022，49，2： | 0 |
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