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| 1 | Microplastic fiber and drought effects on plants and soil are only slightly modified by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi显示文摘Microplastics are increasingly recognized as a factor of global change. By altering soil inherentproperties and processes, ripple-on effects on plants and their symbionts can be expected.Additionally, interactions with other factors of global change, such as drought, can influence theeffect of microplastics. We designed a greenhouse study to examine effects of polyester microfibers,arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and drought on plant, microbial and soil responses. We found thatpolyester microfibers increased the aboveground biomass of Allium cepa under well-watered anddrought conditions, but under drought conditions the AM fungal-only treatment reached the highestbiomass. Colonization with AM fungi increased under microfiber contamination, however, plantbiomass did not increase when both AM fungi and fibers were present. The mean weight diameter ofsoil aggregates increased with AM fungal inoculation overall but decreased when the system wascontaminated with microfibers or drought stressed. Our study adds additional support to themounting evidence that microplastic fibers in soil can affect the plant–soil system by promoting plantgrowth, and favoring key root symbionts, AM fungi. Although soil aggregation is usually positivelyinfluenced by plant roots and AM fungi, and microplastic promotes both, our results show that plasticstill had a negative effect on soil aggregates. Even though there are concerns that microplastic mightinteract with other factors of global change, our study revealed no such effect for drought. | Anika Lehmann Eva FLeifheit Linshan Feng Joana Bergmann Anja Wulf Matthias C.Rillig | 2022 | Soil Ecology Letters2022，4，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Elevated carbon dioxide and irrigation effects on water stable aggregates in a Sorghum field: a possible role for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi显示文摘 | Matthias C.Rillig Sara F.Wright Bruce A.Kimball Paul J.Pinter Gary W.Wall Michael J.Ottman Steve W.Leavitt | 2001 | Global Change Biology2001，，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Additive effects of functionally dissimilar above- and belowground organisms on a grassland plant community显示文摘In nature,plant communities are affected simultaneously by a variety of functionally dissimilar organisms both above and below the ground.However,there is a gap of knowledge on interactive effects of functionally dissimilar organisms on plant communities that is needed to be filled to better understand and predict the general impact of biotic factors on plant communities.Methods We conducted a full-factorial mesocosm study to investigate the individual and combined impacts of above-and belowground functionally dissimilar organisms on a grassland plant community.We studied the effects of aboveground herbivores(Helix aspersa,Gastropoda),arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF;Glomus spp.,Glomeromycota)and endogeic earthworms(Aporrectodea spp.,Lumbricidae)on the diversity,structure and productivity of an experimental grassland plant community and each other.Important Findings Aboveground herbivory by snails decreased,AMF increased and earthworms had no effects on the diversity of the grassland plant community,while their combined effects were additive.The biomass of the plant community was negatively affected by snails and AMF,while no effects of earthworms or interaction effects were found.The plant species were differently affected by snails and AMF.No effects of the above-and belowground organisms on each other’s performance were detected.Since the effects of the functionally dissimilar organisms on the grassland plant community were mainly independent,the results indicate that their combined effects may be predicted by knowing the individual effects,at least under the conditions used in the present mesocosm study. | Susanne Wurst Matthias C.Rillig | 2011 | Journal of Plant Ecology2011，4，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Tire abrasion particles negatively affect plant growth even at low concentrations and alter soil biogeochemical cycling显示文摘Tire particles(TPs)are a major source of microplastic on land,and considering their chemical composition,they represent a potential hazard for the terrestrial environment.We studied the effectsof TPs at environmentally relevant concentrations alongawide concentrationgradient(0–160 mg g^(-1))and tested the effects on plant growth,soil pH and the key ecosystem process of litter decomposition and soil respiration.The addition of TPs negatively affected shoot and root growth already at low concentrations.Tea litter decomposition slightly increased with lower additions of TPs but decreased later on.Soil pH increased until a TP concentration of 80 mg g^(-1) and leveled off afterwards.Soil respiration clearly increased with increasing concentration of added TPs.Plant growth was likely reduced with starting contamination and stopped when contamination reached a certain level in the soil.The presence of TPs altered a number of biogeochemical soil parameters that can have further effects on plant performance.Considering the quantities of yearly produced TPs,their persistence,and toxic potential,we assume that these particles will eventually have a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems. | Eva F.Leifheit Hanna L.Kissener Erik Faltin Masahiro Ryo Matthias C.Rillig | 2022 | Soil Ecology Letters2022，4，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Effects of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)on soil structure and function显示文摘Soils are impacted globally by several anthropogenic factors,including chemical pollutants.Among those,perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are of concern due to their high environmental persistence,and as they might affect soil structure and function.However,data on impacts of PFAS on soil structure and microbially-driven processes are currently lacking.This study explored the effects of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid(PFOS),perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid(PFBS)at environmental-relevant concentrations on soil health,using a 6-week microcosm experiment.PFAS(even at 0.5 ng g-1 for PFBS)significantly increased litter decomposition,associated with positive effects on-glucosidase activities.This effect increased with PFAS concentrations.Soil pH was significantly increased,likely as a direct consequence of increased litter decomposition affected by PFAS.Soil respiration was significantly inhibited by PFAS in week 3,while this effect was more variable in week 6.Water-stable aggregates were negatively affected by PFOS,possibly related to microbial shifts.PFAS affected soil bacterial and fungal abundance,but not microbial and certain enzyme activities.Our work highlights the potential effects of PFAS on soil health,and we argue that this substance class could be a factor of environmental change of potentially broad relevance in terrestrial ecosystem functioning. | Baile Xu Gaowen Yang Anika Lehmann Sebastian Riedel Matthias C.Rillig | 2023 | Soil Ecology Letters2023，5，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Research trends of microplastics in the soil environment: Comprehensive screening of effects显示文摘We collated and synthesized previous studies that reported the impacts of microplastics on soil parameters.The data were classified and integrated to screen for the proportion of significant effects,then we suggest several directions to alleviate the current data limitation in future experiments.We compiled 106 datasets capturing significant effects,which were analyzed in detail.We found that polyethylene and pellets(or powders)were the most frequently used microplastic composition and shape for soil experiments.The significant effects mainly occurred in broad size ranges(0.1–1 mm)at test concentrations of 0.1%–10%based on soil dry weight.Polyvinyl chloride and film induced significant effects at lower concentrations compared to other compositions and shapes,respectively.We adopted a species sensitivity distribution(SSD)and soil property effect distribution(SPED)method using available data from soil biota,and for soil properties and enzymes deemed relevant for microplastic management.The predicted-no-effect-concentration(PNEC)-like values needed to protect 95%of soil biota and soil properties was estimated to be between 520 and 655 mg kg^(-1).This study was the first to screen microplastic levels with a view toward protecting the soil system.Our results should be regularly updated(e.g.,quarterly)with additional data as they become available. | Shin Woong Kim Matthias C.Rillig | 2022 | Soil Ecology Letters2022，4，2： | 0 |
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