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| 1 | Laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic digestivesurgery:Present and future directions显示文摘Laparoscopic surgery is applied today worldwide to most digestive procedures. In some of them, such as cholecystectomy, Nissen's fundoplication or obesity surgery, laparoscopy has become the standard in practice. In others, such as colon or gastric resection, the laparoscopic approach is frequently used and its usefulness is unquestionable. More complex procedures, such as esophageal, liver or pancreatic resections are, however, more infrequently performed, due to the high grade of skill necessary. As a result, there is less clinical evidence to support its implementation. In the recent years, robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery has been increasingly applied, again with little evidence for comparison with the conventional laparoscopic approach. This review will focus on the complex digestive procedures as well as those whose use in standard practice could be more controversial. Also novel robot-assisted procedures will be updated. | Juan C Rodríguez-Sanjuán Marcos Gómez-Ruiz Soledad Trugeda-Carrera Carlos Manuel-Palazuelos Antonio López-Useros Manuel Gómez-Fleitas | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，6： | 27 |
| 2 | Different profile of cytokine synthesis according to the severity of acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the cellular synthetic ability of cytokines involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions in patients with AP.METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with AP (16 severe,51 mild) and 10 controls were included in the study.Cultures of whole blood were performed in samples obtained within the first 72 h from the onset of pain.Serum levels of interleukins (IL) 6, 8, 10, and TNF-α were measured at baseline and in the supernatant of cultures with (functional reserve) or without stimulation with phytohemaglutinin.RESULTS: Basal levels of cytokines were significantly higher in patients with severe AP. A significant increase of all pro-inflammatory cytokines vs basal levels was observed in the supernatant after 24 h of whole blood cultures in patients, but not in controls. In contrast, IL-10 increased significantly in the supernatant of cultures only in patients with mild AP. Cells showed a statistically significant functional reserve for all IL in patients with mild, but only for pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with severe AP.CONCLUSION: A marked activation of immune system may be observed in patients with AP, being balanced between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with mild but not severe AP. A reduced functional reserve for the synthesis of IL-10 may be observed in patients with severe AP, which might lead to a worst prognosis. | Raquel Laveda Juan Martínez Carlos Mu■oz Juan Carlos Penalva Jesus Sáez Germán Belda Salvador Navarro Faust Feu Anton Mas José Ma Palazón José Sánchez-Payá José Such Miguel Pérez-Mateo | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，34： | 24 |
| 3 | Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio to predict esophageal varices in Mexican patients with hepatic cirrhosis显示文摘AIM:To validate whether the platelet count/spleen size ratio can be used to predict the presence of esophageal varices in Mexican patients with hepatic cirrhosis.METHODS:This was an analytical cross-sectional study to validate the diagnostic test for hepatic cirrhosis and was performed between February 2010 and December 2011.Patients with a diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis were included and stratified using their ChildPugh score.Biochemical parameters were evaluated,and ultrasound was used to measure the longest diameter of the spleen.The platelet count/spleen diameter ratio was calculated and analyzed to determine whether it can predict the presence of esophageal varices.Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was used as the gold standard.Sensitivity and specificity,positive and negative predictive values,and positive and negative likelihood ratios were determined,with the cutoff points determined by receiver-operating characteristic curves.RESULTS:A total of 91 patients were included.The mean age was 53.75±12 years;50(54.9%)were men,and 41(45.0%)women.The etiology of cirrhosis included alcohol in 48(52.7%),virally induced in24(26.3%),alcoholism plus hepatitis C virus in three(3.2%),cryptogenic in nine(9.8%),and primary biliary cirrhosis in seven(7.6%).Esophageal varices were present in 73(80.2%)patients.Child-Pugh classification,17(18.6%)patients were classified as class A,37(40.6%)as class B,and 37(40.6%)as class C.The platelet count/spleen diameter ratio to detect esophageal varices independent of the grade showed using a cutoff value of≤884.3,had 84%sensitivity,70%specificity,and positive and negative predictive values of 94%and 40%,respectively.CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that the platelet count/spleen diameter ratio may be a useful tool for detecting esophageal varices in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. | Alejandro González-Ojeda Gabino Cervantes-Guevara Manuela Chávez-Sánchez Carlos Dávalos-Cobián Susana Ornelas-Cázares Michel Dassaejv Macías-Amezcua Mariana Chávez-Tostado Kenia Militzi Ramírez-Campos Anaís del Rocío Ramírez-Arce Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，8： | 18 |
| 4 | Animal models of portal hypertension显示文摘Animal models have allowed detailed study of hemodynamic alterations typical of portal hypertension and the molecular mechanisms involved in abnormalities in splanchnic and systemic circulation associated with this syndrome. Models of prehepatic portal hypertension can be used to study alterations in the splanchnic circulation and the pathophysiology of the hyperdynamic circulation. Models of cirrhosis allow study of the alterations in intrahepatic microcirculation that lead to increased resistance to portal ? ow. This review summarizes the currently available literature on animal models of portal hypertension and analyzes their relative utility. The criteria for choosing a particular model, depending on the specific objectives of the study, are also discussed. | Juan G Abraldes Marcos Pasarín Juan Carlos García-Pagán | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，41： | 14 |
| 5 | Insulin resistance is associated with subclinical vascular disease in humans显示文摘Insulin resistance is associated with subclinical vascular disease that is not justified by conventional cardiovascular risk factors,such as smoking or hypercholesterolemia.Vascular injury associated to insulin resistance involves functional and structural damage to the arterial wall that includes impaired vasodilation in response to chemical mediators,reduced distensibility of the arterial wall(arterial stiffness),vascular calcification,and increased thickness of the arterial wall.Vascular dysfunction associated to insulin resistance is present in asymptomatic subjects and predisposes to cardiovascular diseases,such as heart failure,ischemic heart disease,stroke,and peripheral vascular disease.Structural and functional vascular disease associated to insulin resistance is highly predictive of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Its pathogenic mechanisms remain undefined.Prospective studies have demonstrated that animal protein consumption increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and predisposes to type 2 diabetes(T2D)whereas vegetable protein intake has the opposite effect.Vascular disease linked to insulin resistance begins to occur early in life.Children and adolescents with insulin resistance show an injured arterial system compared with youth free of insulin resistance,suggesting that insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the development of initial vascular damage.Prevention of the vascular dysfunction related to insulin resistance should begin early in life.Before the clinical onset of T2D,asymptomatic subjects endure a long period of time characterized by insulin resistance.Latent vascular dysfunction begins to develop during this phase,so that patients with T2D are at increased cardiovascular risk long before the diagnosis of the disease. | María M Adeva-Andany Eva Ameneiros-Rodríguez Carlos Fernández-Fernández Alberto Domínguez-Montero Raquel Funcasta-Calderón | 2019 | World Journal of Diabetes2019，10，2： | 14 |
| 6 | Gallstone ileus,clinical presentation,diagnostic and treatment approach显示文摘Gallstone ileus is a mechanical intestinal obstruction due to gallstone impaction within the gastrointestinal tract. Less than 1% of cases of intestinal obstruction are derived from this etiology. The symptoms and signs of gallstone ileus are mostly nonspecific. This entity has been observed with a higher frequency among the elderly, the majority of which have concomitant medical illness. Cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic diseases should be considered as they may affect the prognosis. Surgical relief of gastrointestinal obstruction remains the mainstay of operative treatment. The current surgical procedures are:(1) simple enterolithotomy;(2) enterolithotomy, cholecystectomy and fistula closure(one-stage procedure); and(3) enterolithotomy with cholecystectomy performed later(two-stage procedure). Bowel resection is necessary in certain cases after enterolithotomy is performed. Large prospective laparoscopic and endoscopic trials are expected. | carlos m nuno-guzmán maría eugenia marín-contreras mauricio figueroa-sánchez jorge l corona | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，1： | 11 |
| 7 | Different patterns of intestinal response to injury after arterial,venous or arteriovenous occlusion in rats显示文摘AIM:To investigate the differences in injury patterns caused by arterial, venous or arteriovenous mesenteric occlusion.METHODS: Male Wistar rats were separated equally into four groups. Occlusion was performed by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (A), the mesenteric vein (V) or both (AV) for 30 min, followed by 60 min of reperfusion. A control group received sham surgery only. Intestinal sections were examined for histological damage and serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), endothelin-1 (ET-1), P-selectin, antithrombin (AT) and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) concentrations were measured. RESULTS: All groups showed signif icant mucosal injury compared to controls. Furthermore, mucosal injury was significantly more severe in the V and AV groupscompared to the A group (3.6±0.55, 3.4±0.55 and 2±0.71, respectively, P=0.01). ICAM-1 was similarly elevated in all groups, with no significant differences between the groups. P-selectin levels were significantly elevated in the V and AV groups but not the A group (1.4±0.5 ng/mL, 2.52±0.9 ng/mL and 0.02±0.01 ng/mL, respectively, P=0.01) and ET-1 was significantly elevated in the A and V groups but not the AV group (0.32±0.04 pg/mL, 0.36±0.05 pg/mL and 0.29±0.03 pg/mL, respectively, P=0.01) compared to sham controls. AT CONCLUSION:Different patterns of response to ischemia/reperfusion are associated with venous, arterial or arteriovenous occlusion. Venous and arteriovenous occlusion was associated with the most severe alterations. | Francisco Javier Guzmán-de la Garza Carlos Rodrigo Cámara-Lemarroy Gabriela Alarcón-Galván Paula Cordero-Pérez Linda Elsa Muoz-Espinosa Nancy Esthela Fernández-Garza | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，31： | 10 |
| 8 | Watch and wait approach in rectal cancer:Current controversies and future directions显示文摘According to the main international clinical guidelines,the recommended treatment for locally-advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery.However,doubts have been raised about the appropriate definition of clinical complete response(cCR)after neoadjuvant therapy and the role of surgery in patients who achieve a cCR.Surgical resection is associated with significant morbidity and decreased quality of life(QoL),which is especially relevant given the favourable prognosis in this patient subset. Accordingly, therehas been a growing interest in alternative approaches with less morbidity,including the organ-preserving watch and wait strategy, in which surgery isomitted in patients who have achieved a cCR. These patients are managed with aspecific follow-up protocol to ensure adequate cancer control, including the earlyidentification of recurrent disease. However, there are several open questionsabout this strategy, including patient selection, the clinical and radiologicalcriteria to accurately determine cCR, the duration of neoadjuvant treatment, therole of dose intensification (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy), optimal followupprotocols, and the future perspectives of this approach. In the present review,we summarize the available evidence on the watch and wait strategy in thisclinical scenario, including ongoing clinical trials, QoL in these patients, and thecontroversies surrounding this treatment approach. | Fernando López-Campos Margarita Martín-Martín Roberto Fornell-Pérez Juan Carlos García-Pérez Javier Die-Trill Raquel Fuentes-Mateos Sergio López-Durán JoséDomínguez-Rullán Reyes Ferreiro AlejandroRiquelme-Oliveira Asunción Hervás-Morón Felipe Couñago | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，29： | 10 |
| 9 | Endoscopic stenting for inoperable malignant biliary obstruction: A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To analyze through meta-analyses the benefits of two types of stents in the inoperable malignant biliary obstruction.METHODS: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials(RCT) was conducted, with the last update on March 2015, using EMBASE, CINAHL(EBSCO), MEDLINE, LILACS/CENTRAL(BVS), SCOPUS, CAPES(Brazil), and gray literature. Information of the selected studies was extracted in sight of six outcomes: primarily regarding dysfunction, complication and reintervention rates; and secondarily costs, survival, and patency time. The data about characteristics of trial participants, inclusion and exclusion criteria and types of stents were also extracted. The bias was mainly assessed through the JADAD scale. This meta-analysis was registered in the PROSPERO database by the number CRD42014015078. The analysis of the absolute risk of the outcomes was performed using the software Rev Man, by computing risk differences(RD) of dichotomous variables and mean differences(MD) of continuous variables. Data on RD and MD for each primary outcome were calculated using the MantelHaenszel test and inconsistency was qualified and reported in χ2 and the Higgins method(I2). Sensitivity analysis was performed when heterogeneity was higher than 50%, a subsequent assay was done and other findings were compiled. Student's t-test was used for the comparison of weighted arithmetic means regarding secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Initial searching identified 3660 studies; 3539 were excluded through title, repetition, and/or abstract, while 121 studies were fully assessed and were excluded mainly because they did not compare self-expanding metal stents(SEMS) and plastic stents(PS), leading to thirteen RCT selected, with 13 articles and 1133 subjects meta-analyzed. The mean age was 69.5 years old, that were affected mostly by bile duct(proximal) and pancreatic tumors(distal). The preferred SEMS diameter used was the 10 mm(30 Fr) and the preferred PS diameter used was 10 Fr. In the metaanalysis, SEMS had lower overall stent dysfunction compared to PS(21.6% vs 46.8%, P < 0.00001) and fewer re-interventions(21.6% vs 56.6%, P < 0.00001), with no difference in complications(13.7% vs 15.9%, P = 0.16). In the secondary analysis, the mean survival rate was higher in the SEMS group(182 d vs 150 d, P < 0.0001), with a higher patency period(250 d vs 124 d, P < 0.0001) and a lower cost per patient(4193.98 vs 4728.65 Euros, P < 0.0985).CONCLUSION: SEMS are associated with lower stent dysfunction, lower re-intervention rates, better survival, and higher patency time. Complications and costs showed no difference. | Leonardo Zorrón Pu Eduardo Guimaraes Hourneaux de Moura Wanderley Marques Bernardo Felipe Iankelevich Baracat Ernesto Quaresma Mendonca AndréKondo Gustavo Oliveira Luz Carlos Kiyoshi Furuya Júnior Everson Luiz de Almeida Artifon | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 10 |
| 10 | Prognostic factors and time-related changes influence results of colorectal liver metastases surgical treatment:A single-center analysis显示文摘AIM:To analyze the prognostic factors involved in survival and cancer recurrence in patients undergoing surgical treatment for colorectal liver metastases(CLM) and to describe the effects of time-related changes on survival and recurrence in these patients.METHODS:From January 1994 to January 2006,236 patients with CLM underwent surgery with the aim of performing curative resection of neoplastic disease at our institution and 189(80%) of these patients underwent resection of CLM with curative intention.Preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative data,including primary tumor and CLM pathology results,were retrospectively reviewed.Patients were divided into two time periods:a first period from January 1994 to January 2000(n = 93),and a second period from February 2000 to January 2006(n = 143).RESULTS:Global survival at 1,3 and 5 years in patients undergoing hepatic resection was 91%,54% and 47%,respectively.Patients with preoperative extrahepatic disease,carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) levels over 20 ng/dL,more than four nodules or extrahepatic invasion at pathological analysis had worse survival.Tumor recurrence rate at 1 year was 48.3%,being more frequent in patients with preoperative and pathological extrahepatic disease and CEA levels over 20 ng/dL.Although patients in the second time period had more adverse prognostic factors,no differences in overall survival and recurrence were observed between the two periods.CONCLUSION:Despite advances in surgical technique and better adjuvant treatments and preoperative imaging,careful patient staging and selection is crucial to continue offering a chance of cure to patients with CLM. | Josep Martí María Marta Modolo Josep Fuster Jaume Comas Rebeca Cosa Joana Ferrer Victor Molina Juan Romero Constantino Fondevila Ramón Charco Juan Carlos García-Valdecasas | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，21： | 9 |
| 11 | Timely reperfusion for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction:Effect of direct transfer to primary angioplasty on time delays and clinical outcomes显示文摘Primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PPCI) is the preferred reperfusion therapy for patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) when it can be performed expeditiously and by experienced operators. In spite of excellent clinical results this technique is associated with longer delays than thrombolysis and this fact may nullify the benefit of selecting this therapeutic option. Several strategies have been proposed to decrease the temporal delays to deliver PPCI. Among them,prehospital diagnosis and direct transfer to the cath lab,by-passing the emergency department of hospitals,has emerged as anattractive way of diminishing delays. The purpose of this review is to address the effect of direct transfer on time delays and clinical events of patients with STEMI treated by PPCI. | Rodrigo Estévez-Loureiro ángela López-Sainz Armo Pérez de Prado Carlos Cuellas Ramón Calvio Santos Norberto Alonso-Orcajo Jorge Salgado Fernández Jose Manuel Vázquez-Rodríguez Maria López-Benito Felipe Fernández-Vázquez | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，6： | 6 |
| 12 | Emerging treatments for complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease显示文摘Complex perianal fistulas have a negative impact on the quality of life of sufferers and should be treated.Correct diagnosis,characterization and classification of the fistulas are essential to optimize treatment.Nevertheless, in the case of patients whose fistulas are associated with Crohn's disease,complete closure is particularly difficult to achieve.Systemic medical treatments(antibiotics, thiopurines and other immunomodulatory agents,and, more recently,anti-tumor necrosis factor-αagents such as infliximab)have been tried with varying degrees of success.Combined medical(including infliximab)and less aggressive surgical therapy(drainage and seton placement)offer the best outcomes in complex Crohn's fistulas while more aggressive surgical procedures such as fistulotomy or fistulectomy may increase the risk of incontinence.This review will focus on emerging novel treatments for perianal disease in Crohn's patients. These include locally applied infliximab or tacrolimus, fistula plugs,instillation of fibrin glue and the use of adult expanded adipose-derived stem cell injection.More welldesigned controlled studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of these emerging treatments. | Carlos Taxonera David A Schwartz Damián García-Olmo | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，34： | 6 |
| 13 | Synthesis of advanced ceramics by hydrothermal crystallization and modified related methods显示文摘The present article aims to give a brief overview about the advantages of the hydrothermal crystallization method for the synthesis of advanced ceramics.Emphasis is given,not only on the conventional hydrothermal crystallization,but also on some of its variants;such as ultrasound-assisted,electrochemical-assisted,microwave-assisted and surfactant-assisted hydrothermal methods which open up new opportunities for the synthesis of ceramic materials with novel properties demanded for advanced applications.In the current work the synthesis of barium titanate(BaTiO3),lithium metasilicate(Li2SiO3)and sodium-potassium niobate(Na,K)NbO3 powders are reported as cases of study. | JoséORTIZ-LANDEROS Carlos GÓMEZ-YÁÑEZ Rigoberto LÓPEZ-JUÁREZ Iván DÁVALOS-VELASCO Heriberto PFEIFFER | 2012 | Journal of Advanced Ceramics2012，1，3： | 6 |
| 14 | Impact of an acute hemodynamic response-guided protocol for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding显示文摘AIM To evaluate the long-term outcome of an acute hemodynamic response-guided protocol in which acute responders to intravenous propranolol received traditional nonselective beta-blockers(NSBBs) and acute nonresponders received carvedilol.METHODS Retrospective review of a protocol for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding guided by the acute hemodynamic response to intravenous propranolol. Fifty-two acute responders treated with traditional NSBB(i.e. propranolol or nadolol) were compared with 24 acute nonresponders receiving carvedilol. A second hemodynamic study was performed in 27 and 13 patients, respectively. The primary endpoint was development of first or further decompensation. Secondary endpoints included death from any cause, association between acute and chronic hemodynamic response, and baseline clinical and laboratory variables related to the acute hemodynamic response.RESULTS Acute responders and acute nonresponders presented similar 1, 2, and 3-year probabilities of first decompensation(NSBB: 0%, 13.7%, 26.1% vs carvedilol: 0%, 20%, 20%, P = 0.968) or further decompensation(21.2%, 26.1%, 40.9% vs 21.2%, 50.0%, 50.0%, P = 0.525). A previous episode of hepatic encephalopathy was the only independent predictor of decompensation [hazard ratio(95% confidence interval): 8.03(2.76-23.37)]. Mortality rates were similar in acute responders and acute nonresponders with compensated(P = 0.428) or decompensated cirrhosis(P = 0.429). No clinical, laboratory, endoscopic or hemodynamic parameter predicted the acute hemodynamic response. In patients receiving traditional NSBB, the acute and chronic changes of hepatic venous pressure gradient were correlated(r = 0.59, P = 0.001). Up to 69.2% of acute nonresponders gained chronic response with carvedilol.CONCLUSION Early identification and treatment with carvedilol of acute nonresponders to intravenous propranolol improves the clinical outcome of this high-risk group of patients, probably due to its greater effects for reducing portal pressure. | José Ignacio Fortea ángela Puente Patricia Ruiz Iranzu Ezcurra Javier Vaquero Antonio Cuadrado María Teresa Arias-Loste Joaquín Cabezas Susana Llerena Paula Iruzubieta Carlos Rodríguez-Lope Patricia Huelin Fernando Casafont Emilio Fábrega Javier Crespo | 2018 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2018，6，13： | 6 |
| 15 | Ketamine anesthesia reduces intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of ketamine anesthesia on the motility alterations and tissue injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used. Ischemia was induced by ob-structing blood flow in 25% of the total small intesti-nal length (ileum) with a vascular clamp for 45 min, after which either 60 min or 24 h of reperfusion was allowed. Rats were either anesthetized with pento-barbital sodium (50 mg/kg) or ketamine (100 mg/kg). Control groups received sham surgery. After 60 min of reperfusion, the intestine was examined for mor-phological alterations, and after 24 h intestinal basic electrical rhythm (BER) frequency was calculated, and intestinal transit determined in all groups. RESULTS: The intestinal mucosa in rats that were anesthetized with ketamine showed moderate altera-tions such as epithelial lifting, while ulceration and hemorrhage was observed in rats that received pento-barbital sodium after 60 min of reperfusion. Quantita-tive analysis of structural damage using the Chiu scaleshowed significantly less injury in rats that received ketamine than in rats that did not (2.35 ± 1.14 vs 4.58 ± 0.50, P < 0.0001). The distance traveled by a mark-er, expressed as percentage of total intestinal length, in rats that received pentobarbital sodium was 20% ± 2% in comparison with 25.9% ± 1.64% in rats that re-ceived ketamine (P = 0.017). BER was not statistically different between groups. CONCLUSION: Our results show that ketamine anesthesia is associated with diminished intestinal injury and abolishes the intestinal transit delay induced by ischemia/reperfusion. | Carlos Rodrigo Cámara Francisco Javier Guzmán Ernesto Alexis Barrera Andrés Jesús Cabello Armando Garcia Nancy Esthela Fernández Eloy Caballero Jesus Ancer | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，33： | 5 |
| 16 | 全球大鸨的现状及种群发展趋势(英文)显示文摘 | Juan C.ALONSO Carlos PALACíN | 2010 | Chinese Birds2010，，2： | 5 |
| 17 | Cytokine production in patients with cirrhosis and TLR4 polymorphisms显示文摘AIM:To analyze the cytokine production by peripheral blood cells from cirrhotic patients with and without TLR4 D299G and/or T399I polymorphisms.METHODS:The study included nine patients with cirrhosis and TLR4 D299G and/or T399I polymorphisms,and 10 wild-type patients matched for age,sex and degree of liver failure.TLR4 polymorphisms were determined by sequence-based genotyping.Cytokine production by peripheral blood cells was assessed spontaneously and also after lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and lipoteichoic acid(LTA)stimulation.RESULTS:Patients with TLR4 polymorphisms had a higher incidence of previous hepatic encephalopathy than wild-type patients(78%vs 20%,P=0.02).Spontaneous production of interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-10 was lower in patients with TLR4 polymorphisms than in wild-type patients[IL-6:888.7(172.0-2119.3)pg/m L vs 5540.4(1159.2-26053.9)pg/m L,P<0.001;IL-10:28.7(6.5-177.1)pg/m L vs 117.8(6.5-318.1)pg/m L,P=0.02].However,the production of tumor necrosis factor-α,IL-6 and IL-10 after LPS and LTA stimulation was similar in the two groups.CONCLUSION:TLR4 polymorphisms were associated with a distinctive pattern of cytokine production in cirrhotic patients,suggesting that they play a role in the development of cirrhosis complications. | Juan Camilo Nieto Elisabet Sánchez Eva Román Silvia Vidal Laia Oliva Carlos Guarner-Argente Maria Poca Xavier Torras Cándido Juárez Carlos Guarner German Soriano | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 5 |
| 18 | Gallstone ileus:One-stage surgery in a patient with intermittent obstruction显示文摘Gallstone ileus, an uncommon complication of cholelithiasis, is described as a mechanical intestinal obstruction due to impaction of one or more large gallstones within the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical presentation is variable, depending on the site of obstruction, manifested as acute, intermittent or chronic episodes. A 51-year-old female patient was referred to our hospital with 3 events of intestinal obstruction during the previous 7 d. At admission, there were clinical signs of intestinal obstruction; abdominal film demonstrated dilated bowel loops, air-fluid levels and a vague image of a stone in the inferior left quadrant. Once stabilized, a laparotomy was performed. Surgical findings were distention of the jejunum and ileum proximal to a palpable stone in the ileum as well as gallstones and a cholecystoduodenal fistula in the gallbladder. An enterolithotomy, repair of the cholecystoduodenal fistula and cholecystectomy were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. There is no uniform surgical procedure for this disease. When the patient is too ill or when biliary surgery is not advisable, an enterolithotomy is the best option. The one-stage procedure should be the offered to adequately stabilized patients when local and general conditions, such as good cardiorespiratory and metabolic reserve permit a more prolonged surgical procedure. | Carlos M Nuo-Guzmán José Arróniz-Jáuregui Pável A Moreno-Pérez édgar A Chávez-Solís Nereida Esparza-Arias Cuauhtémoc I Hernández-González | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2010，2，5： | 5 |
| 19 | The Hallmarks of Aging显示文摘 | Carlos López-Otín Maria A. Blasco Linda Partridge Manuel Serrano Guido Kroemer | 2013 | Cell2013，，6： | 5 |
| 20 | Mesenchymal stem cell therapy in retinal and optic nerve diseases: An update of clinical trials显示文摘Retinal and optic nerve diseases are degenerative ocular pathologies which lead to irreversible visual loss. Since the advanced therapies availability, cell-based therapies offer a new all-encompassing approach. Advances in the knowledge of neuroprotection, immunomodulation and regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have been obtained by several preclinical studies of various neurodegenerative diseases. It has provided the opportunity to perform the translation of this knowledge to prospective treatment approaches for clinical practice. Since 2008, several first steps projecting new treatment approaches, have been taken regarding the use of cell therapy in patients with neurodegenerative pathologies of optic nerve and retina. Most of the clinical trials using MSCs are in Ⅰ/Ⅱ phase, recruiting patients or ongoing, and they have as main objective the safety assessment of MSCs using various routes of administration. However, it is important to recognize that, there is still a long way to go to reach clinical trials phase Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Hence, it is necessary to continue preclinical and clinical studies to improve this new therapeutic tool. This paper reviews the latest progress of MSCs in human clinical trials for retinal and optic nerve diseases. | Sonia Labrador-Velandia María Luz Alonso-Alonso Sara Alvarez-Sanchez Jorge González-Zamora Irene Carretero-Barrio José Carlos Pastor Iván Fernandez-Bueno Girish Kumar Srivastava | 2016 | World Journal of Stem Cells2016，8，11： | 5 |
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