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| 1 | Pancreatic cancer: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment and outcomes显示文摘This review aims to outline the most up-to-date knowledge of pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk, diagnostics, treatment and outcomes, while identifying gaps that aim to stimulate further research in this understudied malignancy. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal condition with a rising incidence, predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer death in some regions. It often presents at an advanced stage, which contributes to poor five-year survival rates of 2%-9%, ranking firmly last amongst all cancer sites in terms of prognostic outcomes for patients. Better understanding of the risk factors and symptoms associated with this disease is essential to inform both health professionals and the general population of potential preventive and/or early detection measures. The identification of high-risk patients who could benefit from screening to detect pre-malignant conditions such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms is urgently required, however an acceptable screening test has yet to be identified. The management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is evolving, with the introduction of new surgical techniques and medical therapies such as laparoscopic techniques and neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, however this has only led to modest improvements in outcomes. The identification of novel biomarkers is desirable to move towards a precision medicine era, where pancreatic cancer therapy can be tailored to the individual patient, while unnecessary treatments that have negative consequences on quality of life could be prevented for others. Research efforts must also focus on the development of new agents and delivery systems. Overall, considerable progress is required to reduce the burden associated with pancreatic cancer. Recent, renewed efforts to fund large consortia and research into pancreatic adenocarcinoma are welcomed, but further streams will be necessary to facilitate the momentum needed to bring breakthroughs seen for other cancer sites. | Andrew McGuigan Paul Kelly Richard C Turkington Claire Jones Helen G Coleman R Stephen McCain | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，43： | 140 |
| 2 | Current practices and future prospects for the management of gallbladder polyps: A topical review显示文摘A gallbladder polyp is an elevation of the gallbladder mucosa that protrudes into the gallbladder lumen. Gallbladder polyps have an estimated prevalence in adults of between 0.3%-12.3%. However, only 5% of polyps are considered to be 'true' gallbladder polyps, meaning that they are malignant or have malignant potential. The main radiological modality used for diagnosing and surveilling gallbladder polyps is transabdominal ultrasonography. However, evidence shows that other modalities such as endoscopic ultrasound may improve diagnostic accuracy. These are discussed in turn during the course of this review. Current guidelines recommend cholecystectomy for gallbladder polyps sized 10 mm and greater, although this threshold is lowered when other risk factors are identified. The evidence behind this practice is relatively low quality. This review identifies current gaps in the available evidence and highlights the necessity for further research to enable better decision making regarding which patients should undergo cholecystectomy, and/or radiological follow-up. | R Stephen McCain Anna Diamond Claire Jones Helen G Coleman | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，26： | 25 |
| 3 | Anti-hepatitis C virus potency of a new autophagy inhibitor using human liver slices model显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the antiviral potency of a new antihepatitis C virus(HCV) antiviral agent targeting the cellular autophagy machinery. METHODS: Non-infected liver slices, obtained from human liver resection and cut in 350 μm-thick slices(2.7 × 106 cells per slice) were infected with cell culture-grown HCV Con1b/C3 supernatant(multiplicity of infection = 0.1) cultivated for up to ten days. HCV infected slices were treated at day 4 post-infection with GNS-396 for 6 d at different concentrations. HCV replication was evaluated by strand-specific real-time quantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction. The infectivity titers of supernatants were evaluated by foci formation upon inoculation into naive Huh-7.5.1 cells. The cytotoxic effect of the drugs was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays. RESULTS: The antiviral efficacy of a new antiviral drug, GNS-396, an autophagy inhibitor, on HCV infection of adult human liver slices was evidenced in a dosedependent manner. At day 6 post-treatment, GNS-396 EC50 was 158 nmol/L without cytotoxic effect(compared to hydroxychloroquine EC50 = 1.17 μmol/L).CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that our ex vivo model is efficient for evaluation the potency of autophagy inhibitors, in particular a new quinoline derivative GNS-396 as antiviral could inhibit HCV infection in a dosedependent manner without cytotoxic effect. | Sylvie Lagaye Sonia Brun Jesintha Gaston Hong Shen Ruzena Stranska Claire Camus Clarisse Dubray Géraldine Rousseau Pierre-Philippe Massault Jerome Courcambeck Firas Bassisi Philippe Halfon Stanislas Pol | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，21： | 5 |
| 4 | Hepatitis E virus in patients with acute severe liver injury显示文摘AIM: To examine the incidence of hepatitis E(HepE) in individuals with acute liver injury severe enough to warrant treatment at a transplant unit.METHODS: Hepatitis E virus(HEV) is an emerging pathogen in developed countries causing severe illness, particularly in immunocompromised patients or those with underlying chronic liver disease. HepE infection isoften under diagnosed, as clinicians can be reluctant to test patients who have not travelled to regions traditionally considered hyperendemic for HepE. There are few data regarding the significance of HEV in patients with very severe acute liver injury in developed countries. Eighty patients with acute severe liver injury attending the Scottish Liver Transplant unit were tested for HEV and anti-HEV IgG and IgM. Severe acute liver injury was defined as a sudden deterioration in liver function confirmed by abnormal liver function tests and coagulopathy or presence of hepatic encephalopathy. Eighty percent of these patients were diagnosed with paracetomol overdose. No patients had a history of chronic or decompensated chronic liver disease at time of sampling. IgG positive samples were quantified against the World Health Organization anti-HEV IgG standard. Samples were screened for HEV viral RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: Four cases of hepatitis E were identified. Three of the four cases were only diagnosed on retrospective testing and were initially erroneously ascribed to drug-induced liver injury and decompensated chronic liver disease, with the cause of the decompensation uncertain. One case was caused by HEV genotype 1 in a traveller returning from Asia, the other three were autochthonous and diagnosed on retrospective testing. In two of these cases(where RNA was detected) HEV was found to be genotype 3, the most prevalent genotype in developed countries. Three patients survived, two of whom had been misdiagnosed as having drug induced liver injury. The fourth patient died from sepsis and liver failure precipitated as a result of hepatitis E infection and previously undiagnosed cirrhosis. Histopathology data to date is limited to mainly that seen for endemic HepE. All patients, with the exception of patient 1, demonstrated characteristics of HepE infection, as seen in previously described locally acquired cases.CONCLUSION: In patients with acute severe liver injury, HEV testing should be part of the initial diagnostic investigation algorithm irrespective of suspected initial diagnosis, age or travel history. | Claire Louise Crossan Kenneth J Simpson Darren G Craig Christopher Bellamy Janice Davidson Harry R Dalton Linda Scobie | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，6： | 4 |
| 5 | 心肺复苏时使用喉罩通气所致的胃破裂显示文摘喉罩的应用在麻醉科气道管理上是一种根本性的变化,而且在用于复苏抢救时似乎也是如此。与面罩或支气管插管相比,它基本上既不需要太多技术也不需要培圳。。作为一种普运的设施.它在所有的医疗辅助部门和急诊科都有配备.在医院复苏抢救过程中其应用也越来越普及。使用喉罩行正压通气时,常见的并发症为漏气和胃膨胀,选二者部易被发现。下面列举一个院外心脏停搏后使用喉罩引起胃扩张、破裂及高度气腹的病例。 | Nathaniel Haslam G Claire Campbell John E Duggan James Cook 苏珊 | 2005 | 英国医学杂志中文版2005，8，2： | 3 |
| 6 | 由农业残余物可持续生产活性炭来吸附去除抗生素(英文)显示文摘The objectives of this study are to convert at laboratory scale agricultural residues into activated carbons(AC) with specific properties,to characterize them and to test them in adsorption reactor for tetracycline removal,a common antibiotic.Two new ACs were produced by direct activation with steam from beet pulp(BP-H2O) and peanut hulls(PH-H2O) in environmental friendly conditions.BP-H2O and PH-H2O present carbon content ranged between 78% and 91%,similar BET surface areas(821 and 829 m2·g-1 respectively) and pHPZC values(9.8).Their porosities are different:PH-H2O is mainly microporous(84%) with 0.403 cm3·g-1 of total porous volume,whereas BP-H2O develops a mesoporous volume of 0.361 cm3·g-1 representing 50% of the total porous volume.Two other commercial granular AC carbons(GAC1 and GAC2) were also characterised and used for comparison.The adsorption study is conducted in batch reactors.Two parts can be observed from kinetic decay curves:a very fast concentration decrease during the first 12 h,followed by a slow adsorption.An optimal contact time of 120 h is also deduced from these curves.It is shown as well that adsorption decreases with an increase of pH,indicating that the form preferentially adsorbed is probably the zwitterion form of the tetracycline.From equilibrium isotherms data,two adsorption models have been used:Langmuir and Freundlich.Both of them lead to a very good description of the experimental data.Maximum adsorption capacities deduced from the Langmuir equation follow the sequence:GAC2(817 mg·g-1)>BP-H2O(288 mg·g-1)>GAC1(133 mg·g-1)>PH-H2O(28 mg·g-1).In real spring waters spiked with TC(tetracyclines),adsorption isotherms show that the maximum adsorption capacity of BP-H2O is slightly increased to 309 mg·g-1 while it is decreased by one third to 550 mg·g-1 in the case of GAC2.This study demonstrates that the production of AC from agricultural residues,at lab-scale,is feasible and leads to genuine activated carbons with different intrinsic properties. | Jonatan Torres-Pérez Claire Gérente Yves Andrès | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2012，20，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Advanced diagnostics for pancreatic cysts: Confocal endomicroscopy and molecular analysis显示文摘Technological advances and the widespread use of medical imaging have led to an increase in the identification of pancreatic cysts in patients who undergo crosssectional imaging. Current methods for the diagnosis and risk-stratification of pancreatic cysts are suboptimal, resulting in both unnecessary surgical resection and overlooked cases of neoplasia. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for guiding how a pancreatic cyst is managed, whether with surveillance for low-risk lesions or surgical resection for high-risk lesions. This review aims to summarize the current literature on confocal endomicroscopy and cyst fluid molecular analysis for the evaluation of pancreatic cysts. These recent technologies are promising adjuncts to existing approaches with the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and ultimately patient outcomes. | Claire Durkin Somashekar G Krishna | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，22： | 2 |
| 8 | Determination of the oxidation states of manganese in brain, liver, and heart mitochondria 显示文摘 | Thomas E G Lisa M M Claire E G Roman E Jason S Linas B Andrei A Sean H Karlene K G | 2004 | Journal of Neuroehemistry2004，88，： | 1 |
| 9 | Association within a family of a balanced autosomal translocation with major mental illness显示文摘 | St Clair D Blackwood D Muir W Carothers A Walker M Spowart G Gosden C Evans H J | | 0，，8706： | 1 |
| 10 | Docetaxel induces cell death through mitotic catastrophe in human breast cancer cells 显示文摘 | DAVID LM HEATHER G CLAIRE M | 2005 | Mol Cancer Ther2005，4，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Design of division specific primers of Ralstonia solanacearum and application to the identification of European isolates显示文摘 | Boudazin G Claire Le Roux A Josi K | 1999 | European Journal of Plant Pathology1999，105，4： | 1 |
| 12 | The effect of rhyth-mic auditory stimulation(RAS)on physical therapy outcomesfor patients in gait training following stroke: A feasibilitystudy显示文摘 | Hayden R Clair AA Johnson G | 2009 | Int J Neurosci2009，119，12： | 1 |
| 13 | The Prevalence of Depression in a Cohort of the very Dlderly显示文摘 | Deborah M G Claire B Eugene S P | 1995 | Journal of Affective Disorders1995，34，： | 1 |
| 14 | Smoking behavior among US adults with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose 显示文摘 | Clair G Meiqs JB Riqotti NA | 2013 | The American Jour- nal of Medicine2013，126，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Social Support and Adherence:Differences among Clients in an AIDS Day Health Care Program 显示文摘 | Donald G Claire M | 2010 | Journal of the association of nurses in AIDS care2010，21，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Insights into Actinobacillus succinogenes fermentative metabolism in a chemically defined growth medium显示文摘 | Zeikus J G Claire Vieille | 2005 | Appl And Environmental Microbiology2005，71，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Secondary production, calcification and CO2 fluxes in the cirripedes Chthamalus montagui and Elminius modesms显示文摘 | Claire G Franck G Dominique D | 2008 | Oecologia2008，155，1： | 1 |
| 18 | The rabbit as an ex- perimental and production animal: From genomics to pro- teomics 显示文摘 | Ingrid M Claire R G Domenico S | 2014 | Current Protein Peptide Sci2014，15，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Effects of two decades of rising sea surface temperatures on sublittoral macrobenthos communities in Northern Ireland, UK 显示文摘 | CLAIRE E G ELISABETH M A S HUGH E | 2013 | Marine Environmental Research2013，85，： | 1 |
| 20 | Complications associated with the use of urokinase and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for catheter-directed peripheral arterial and venous thrombolysis 显示文摘 | Ouriel K Gray B Clair D G | 2000 | J Vasc Interv Radiol2000，11，3： | 1 |
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