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| 1 | 壳牌对未来车用能源多元化发展趋势的思考显示文摘面对能源短缺和环境污染的双重挑战,交通领域的转型升级不可避免。本文结合未来车用动力系统的发展趋势,对交通运输领域中应用的多种先进动力系统、清洁能源及替代燃料进行综述和评价,包括目前主要使用的传统液态化石燃料即汽、柴油及先进内燃机技术,清洁替代燃料(如生物燃料、天然气合成油(GTL)燃料、电转液(PTL)燃料、液化天然气(LNG)等),以及电气化动力系统(包括混合动力、纯电动和燃料电池)等,并着重讨论液体燃料。壳牌认为没有一种单一的解决方案可以解决复杂的能源问题,未来交通能源结构将呈现多种能源并存的特点,并分别适用于不同的场景。该文还介绍了壳牌近期基于不同政治、经济和社会发展程度提出的3种远景(壳牌“高山”、“海洋”和“天空”远景),提出壳牌对未来车用能源领域转型脱碳发展情景的思考。 | 贾恬 郑彬 Warnecke W Kolbeck A Aradi A Kofod M Clark R Wilbrand K | 2020 | 汽车安全与节能学报2020，11，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Interaction between castanospermine an immunosuppressant and cyclosporin A in rat cardiac transplantation显示文摘AIM: To investigate the interaction between castanospermine and cyclosporin A(Cs A) and to provide an explanation for it.METHODS: The alkaloid castanospermine was prepared from the seeds of Castanospermum austral consistently achieving purity. Rat heterotopic cardiac transplantation and mixed lymphocyte reactivity were done using genetically inbred strains of PVG(donor) and DA(recipient). For the mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulator cells were irradiated with 3000 rads using a linear accelerator. Cyclosporin A was administered by gavage and venous blood collected 2 h later(C_2). The blood levels of Cs A(Neoral) were measured by immunoassay which consisted of a homogeneous enzyme assay(EMIT) on Cobas Mira. Statistical analyses of interactions were done by an acceleratedfailure time model with Weibull distribution for allograft survival and logistic regression for the mixed lymphocyte reactivity.RESULTS: Castanospermine prolonged transplant survival times as a function of dose even at relatively low doses. Cyclosporin A also prolonged transplant survival times as a function of dose particularly at doses above 2 mg/kg. There were synergistic interactions between castanospermine and Cs A in the prolongation of cardiac allograft survival for dose ranges of Cs A by castanospermine of(0 to 2) mg/kg by(0 to 200) mg/kg(HR = 0.986; 95%CI: 0.981-0.992; P < 0.001) and(0 to 3) mg/kg by(0 to 100) mg/kg(HR = 0.986; 95%CI: 0.981-0.992; P < 0.001) respectively. The addition of castanospermine did not significantly increase the levels of cyclosporin A on day 3 or day 6 for all doses of Cs A. On the contrary, cessation of castanospermine in the presence of Cs A at 2 mg/kg significantly increased the Cs A level(P = 0.002). Castanospermine inhibited mixed lymphocyte reactivity in a dose dependent manner but without synergistic interaction. CONCLUSION: There is synergistic interaction between castanospermine and Cs A in rat cardiac transplantation. Neither the mixed lymphocyte reaction nor the metabolism of Cs A provides an explanation. | Adrian D Hibberd David A Clark Paul R Trevillian Patrick Mcelduff | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Isolation of an unidentified agent from the respiratory tract of chickens显示文摘 | Bankowski R A Corstert R E Clark C T | 1960 | Science1960，132，： | 2 |
| 4 | p38 mitogen-actiated protein kinase regulates cycloxxygenase - 2 mRNA stability and transcription in ipopolysacharide-treated human monocytes显示文摘 | Dean J L Brook M Clark A R | 1999 | J Biol Chen1999，274，： | 1 |
| 5 | Amplification of an invA gene sequence of Salmonella typhimurium by polymerase chain reaction as a specific methad of detection of Salmonella显示文摘 | Rahn K Grandis S A Clarke R C | 1992 | Mol Cell Probes1992，6，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Origins of breast cancer subtypes and therapeutic implications 显示文摘 | Sims AH Howell A Howell S J Clarke R B | 2007 | Nature Clin Pract Oncol2007，4，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Role of microfilaments in maintenance of proximal tubular structure and functional integrity 显示文摘 | Kellerman P S Clark R A Hoilien C A | 1990 | Am J Physiol1990，259，2： | 1 |
| 8 | The persistence and degradation of chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos in a cranberry bog 显示文摘 | Putnam R A Nelson J O Clark J M | 2003 | Agric Food Chem2003，51，： | 1 |
| 9 | Two types of auditory neglect显示文摘 | Meuli R Clarke S | 2001 | Brain2001，124，： | 1 |
| 10 | Fixed abrasive diamond wire machining-part Ⅰ:process monitoring and wire tension force显示文摘 | Shih A J Hardin C W Lemaster R L McSpadden S B | 2003 | International Journal Machine Tools & Manufacture2003，43，： | 1 |
| 11 | Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains:evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance显示文摘 | Holden MT Feil EJ Lindsay JA Peacock SJ Day NP Enright MC Foster TJ Moore CE Hurst L Atkin R Barron A Bason N Bentley SD Chillingworth C Chillingworth T Churcher C Clark L Corton C Cronin A Doggett J Dowd L Feltwell T Hance Z Harris B Hauser H Holroyd S Jagels K James KD Lennard N Line A Mayes R Moule S Mungall K Ormond D Quail MA Rabbinowitsch E Rutherford K Sanders M Sharp S Simmonds M Stevens K Whitehead S Barrell BG Spratt BG Parkhill J | 2004 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2004，101，26： | 1 |
| 12 | The effect of osteogenic growth factors on bone growth into a ceramic-filled defect around an implant显示文摘 | Clarke S A Brooks R A Lee P T | 2004 | Bone Joint Surg Br2004，22，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Bone morphgenetic protein 4 inhibits TGF-Beta2 stimulation of extracellular matrix proteins in optic nerve head cells:Role of gremlin in ECM modulation显示文摘 | Zode G S Clark A F Wordinger R J | 2009 | Glia2009，57，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Form and function of arabinogalactans and arabinogalactanproteins显示文摘 | Clarke A E Anderson R L Stone B A | 1979 | Phytochemistry1979，18，： | 1 |
| 15 | Long-term performance summary for the boot wetland treatment system 显示文摘 | Martin R J Keller H C Clarke A R | 2001 | Water Science and Technology2001，44，1112： | 1 |
| 16 | Diagenesis in the Bergen High area, North Sea: relationship to hydrocarbon maturation and fluid flow, brent sandstone显示文摘 | Glasmann J R Clarke R A Larter S | 1989 | AAPG Bull1989，73，： | 1 |
| 17 | Proteomic analysis of the Arabidopsis nucleolus suggests novel nucleolar functions显示文摘 | Pendle A F Clark G P Boon R | 2005 | Mol Biol Cell2005，16，： | 1 |
| 18 | Congestion Control With Explicit Rate Indication显示文摘 | Charny A Clark D Jain R | 1995 | IEEE1995，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Regulation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase by antigen receptor and Ca^2+ in T lymphocytes显示文摘 | Tamas P Hawley S A Clarke R G | 2006 | J Exp Med2006，203，7： | 1 |
| 20 | A method for the determination of nitrification rates in oligotrophicmarine seawater by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry显示文摘 | CLARK D R REES A P JOINT I | 2007 | Mar Chem2007，103，： | 1 |
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