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| 1 | Predictors of spine deformity progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate published data on the predictors of progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS) in order to evaluate their efficacy and level of evidence. METHODS: Selection criteria:(1) study design: randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective cohort studies and case series, retrospective comparative and none comparative studies;(2) participants: adolescents with AIS aged from 10 to 20 years; and(3) treatment: observation, bracing, and other. Search method: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Pub Medand patent data bases. All years through August 2014 were included. Data were collected that showed an association between the studied characteristics and the progression of AIS or the severity of the spine deformity. Odds ratio(OR), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were also collected. A metaanalysis was performed to evaluate the pooled OR and predictive values, if more than 1 study presented a result. The GRADE approach was applied to evaluate the level of evidence.RESULTS: The review included 25 studies. All studies showed statistically significant or borderline association between severity or progression of AIS with the following characteristics:(1) An increase of the Cobb angle or axial rotation during brace treatment;(2) decrease of the rib-vertebral angle at the apical level of the convex side during brace treatment;(3) initial Cobb angle severity(> 25o);(4) osteopenia;(5) patient age < 13 years at diagnosis;(6) premenarche status;(7) skeletal immaturity;(8) thoracic deformity;(9) brain stem vestibular dysfunction; and(10) multiple indices combining radiographic, demographic, and physiologic characteristics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the following genes:(1) calmodulin 1;(2) estrogen receptor 1;(3) tryptophan hydroxylase 1;(3) insulin-like growth factor 1;(5) neurotrophin 3;(6) interleukin-17 receptor C;(7) melatonin receptor 1B, and(8) Scoli Score test. Other predictors included:(1) impairment of melatonin signaling in osteoblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC);(2) G-protein signaling dysfunction in PBMC; and(3) the level of platelet calmodulin. However, predictive values of all these findings were limited, and the levels of evidence were low. The pooled result of brace treatment outcomes demonstrated that around 27% of patents with AIS experienced exacerbation of the spine deformity during or after brace treatment, and 15% required surgical correction. However, the level of evidence is also low due to the limitations of the included studies.CONCLUSION: This review did not reveal any methods for the prediction of progression in AIS that could be recommended for clinical use as diagnostic criteria. | Andriy Noshchenko Lilian Hoffecker Emily M Lindley Evalina L Burger Christopher MJ Cain Vikas V Patel Andrew P Bradford | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，7： | 4 |
| 2 | A spatially explicit test of foraging in a clonal plant显示文摘 | Evans Jonathan P Cain Michael L | 1995 | Ecology1995，76，4： | 1 |
| 3 | The cost of increased animal welfare standards in UK pig production systems 显示文摘 | GUY J H BORNETT H L I CAIN P J | 2003 | Farm Management2003，11，7： | 1 |
| 4 | Use the Power of Sonocrystallization for Improved Properties 显示文摘 | McCausland L J Cains P W MartnL P D | 2001 | Chemical Engineer- ing Progress2001，97，7： | 1 |
| 5 | A spatially explicit test of foraging behavior in a clone plant显示文摘 | Evans J P Cain M L | 1995 | Ecology1995，76，： | 1 |
| 6 | Low back pain in pilots显示文摘 | Froom P Barzilay J Caine Y | | 0，，07： | 1 |
| 7 | Force calibration in lateral force microscopy显示文摘 | Robert G Cain S B Neil W P | 2000 | Journal of colloid and interface science2000，227，： | 1 |
| 8 | Incendivity of electrostatic discharges in dust cluds: the minimum ignition energy problem显示文摘 | Bailey M Hooker P Caine P | 2001 | Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries2001，14，： | 1 |
| 9 | Anatomical M-Mode; a novel technique for the quantitative evaluation of regional wall motion analysis during dobutamine echocardiography显示文摘 | Chan J Wabvi S Cain P | 2000 | Int J Card Imaging2000，16，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Repair of hypospadias complications using the previously utilized urethral plate显示文摘 | SIMMONS G R CAIN M P CASALE A J | 1999 | Urology1999，54，： | 1 |
| 11 | Discrete-time multivariable adaptive control显示文摘 | Goodwin G C Ramadge P J Caines P E | 1980 | IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control1980，25，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Biased Technical Change, Scale, and Factor Substitution in American Industry, 1850 _ 1919 显示文摘 | Louis Cain D P | 1986 | Journal of Economic Histoiy1986，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Evidence of aliphatics in nascent soot particles in premixed ethylene flames显示文摘 | Cain J P Gassman P L Wang H | 2011 | Proceedings of the Combustion Institute2011，33，1： | 1 |
| 14 | A spatial explicit test of foraging behavior in a clonal plant 显示文摘 | EVANS J P CAIN M L | 1995 | Ecology1995，76，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Micro-FTIR study of soot chemical composition:Evidence of ali- phatic hydrocarbons on nascent soot surfaces 显示文摘 | Cain J P Gassman P L Wang H | 2010 | Physi- cal Chemistry Chemical Physics2010，12，20： | 1 |
| 16 | Spatially averaged sensible heat fluxes measured over barley 显示文摘 | Cain J D Rosier P T W Meijninger W | 2001 | Agricultural and Forest Meteorology2001，107，： | 1 |
| 17 | The orphan receptor C5L2 has high affinity binding sites for complement fragments C5 a and C5 a des-Arg(74) 显示文摘 | Cain S A Monk P N | 2002 | J Biol Chem2002，277，9： | 1 |
| 18 | Discrete-time multivariable adaptive control显示文摘 | GOODWIN G C RAMADGE P J CAINES P E | 1980 | IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control1980，25，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Concealed penis in childhood: a spectrum of eliology and treatment 显示文摘 | CASALE A J BECK S D CAIN M P | 1999 | J Urol1999，162，32： | 1 |
| 20 | The influence of genetic variation in surfactant protein B on severe lung injury in African American children显示文摘 | Dahmer MK O'cain P Patwari PP | 2011 | Crit Care Med2011，39，5： | 1 |
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