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| 1 | Recent trends in liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease in the United States显示文摘AIM To examine temporal changes in the indications for liver transplantation(LT) and characteristics of patients transplanted for alcoholic liver disease(ALD).METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of trends in the indication for LT using the United Network for Organ Sharing(UNOS) database between 2002 and 2015. Patients were grouped by etiology of the liver disease and characteristics were compared using χ~2 and t-tests. Time series analysis was used identifying any year with a significant change in the number of transplants per year for ALD, and before and after eras were modeled using a general linear model. Subgroup analysis of recipients with ALD was performed by age group, gender, UNOS region and etiology(alcoholic cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis and hepatitis C-alcoholic cirrhosis dual listing).RESULTS Of 74216 liver transplant recipients, ALD(n = 9400, 12.7%) was the third leading indication for transplant after hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplants for ALD, increased from 12.8%(553) in 2002 to 16.5%(1020) in 2015. Time series analysis indicated a significant increase in the number of transplants per year for ALD in 2013(P = 0.03). There were a stable number of transplants per year between 2002 and 2012(linear coefficient 3, 95%CI:-4.6, 11.2) an increase of 177 per year between 2013 and 2015(95%CI: 119, 234). This increase was significant for all age groups except those 71-83 years old, was observed for both genders, and was incompletely explained by a decrease in transplants for hepatitis C and ALD dual listing. All UNOS regions except region 9 saw an increase in the mean number of transplants per year when comparing eras, and this increase was significant in regions 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 11.CONCLUSION There has been a dramatic increase in the number of transplants for ALD starting in 2013. | Catherine E Kling James D Perkins Robert L Carithers Dennis M Donovan Lena Sibulesky | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，36： | 6 |
| 2 | D-MELD risk capping improves post-transplant and overall mortality under markov microsimulation显示文摘AIM: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age(D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall survival after listing.METHODS: Probabilities derived from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2002 and 2004 were used to simulate potential outcomes for all patients listed for transplantation. The Markov simula-tion was then modified by screening matches using a 1200 or 1600 D-MELD risk cap ± allowing transplants for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD) ≤ 14(Rule 14). The differential impact of the rule changes was assessed.RESULTS: The Markov simulation accurately reproduced overall and post transplant survival. A 1200 D-MELD risk cap improved post-transplant survival. Both the 1200 and 1600 risk caps improved overall survival for waitlisted patients. The addition of Rule 14 further improved post transplant and overall survival by redistribution of donor livers to recipients in higher MELD subgroups. The mechanism for improved overall and post-transplant survival after listing was due to shifting a larger percentage of transplants to the moderate MELD score subgroup(MELD 15-29) while also ensuring that high MELD recipients have livers of high quality to achieve excellent post transplant survival.CONCLUSION: A 1200 D-MELD risk cap + Rule 14 provided the greatest overall benefit primarily by focusing liver transplantation towards the moderate MELD recipient. | Jeffrey B Halldorson Robert L Carithers Jr Renuka Bhattacharya Ramasamy Bakthavatsalam Iris W Liou Andre A Dick Jorge D Reyes James D Perkins | 2014 | World Journal of Transplantation2014，4，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Impact of the MELD Allocation System and Predictors of Survival显示文摘 | George N. Ioannou James D. Perkins Robert L. Carithers | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，5： | 2 |
| 4 | Effect of interferon on hepatitis B显示文摘 | Carithers RL | 1998 | Lancet1998，351，9097： | 1 |
| 5 | Fulminant hepatic failure: summary of a workshop显示文摘 | Hoofnagle JH Carithers Jr RL Shapiro C | 1995 | Hepatology1995，21，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Cortieosteroids improve short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic, hepatitis: meta-analysis of individual patient data显示文摘 | Mathurin P O'Grady J Carithers RL eta! | 2011 | Gut2011，60，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Corticosteroids improve short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepa- titis (AH): individual data analysis of the last three randomized placebo controlled double blind trials of corticosteroids in severe AH显示文摘 | Mathurin P Mendenhall CL Carithers RL Jr | 2002 | J nepatol2002，36，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Quantitative studies of the hepatitis B viral Pre-S: proteins: lack of correlation with the HBeAg status显示文摘 | Hu PS Carithers RLJ Fiorenza V | 1987 | Virol Methods1987，16，： | 1 |
| 9 | Therapy of hepatitis C: meta-analysis of interferon alfa-2b trials 显示文摘 | Carithers R L Emerson S S | 1997 | Hepatology1997，26，31： | 1 |
| 10 | Fulminant hepatic failure: summary of workshop显示文摘 | Hoofnagle JH Carithers RL Jr Shapiro C | 1995 | Hepatology1995，21，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Impact of the MELD Allocation System and Predictors of Survival显示文摘 | George N. Ioannou James D. Perkins Robert L. Carithers | 2008 | Gastroenterology2008，，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Physical activity as- sessment methods in the Jackson Heart Study显示文摘 | Dubbert P M Carithers T Ainsworth B E | 2005 | Ethn Dis2005，15，46： | 1 |
| 13 | Assessment of hepatitis C viremia using molecular amplification technologies:correlations and clinical implications显示文摘 | Gretch DR Dela-Rosa C Carithers RL | 1995 | Ann Int Med1995，123，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Corticosteroids improve shortterm survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis(AH) individual data analysis of the last three randomized placebo controlled double blind trials of corticosteroids in severe AH显示文摘 | MATHURIN P MENDENHALL CL CARITHERS RL | 2002 | J Hepatol2002，36，： | 1 |
| 15 | Carotenoid Intakes, Assessed by Food-Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs), are Associated with Serum Carotenoid Concentrations in the Jackson Heart Study: Validation of the Jackson Heart Study Delta NIRI Adult FFQs显示文摘 | Talegawkar S A Johnson E J Carithers T C | 2008 | Public Health Nutrition2008，11，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Corticosteroids improve short-term survival in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH): individual data analysis of the last three randomized placebo controlled double blind trials of corticosteroids in severe AH显示文摘 | Philippe Mathurin Charles L Mendenhall Robert L Carithers Marie-Jose Ramond Willis C Maddrey Peter Garstide Bernard Rueff Sylvie Naveau Jean-Claude Chaput Thierry Poynard | 2002 | Journal of Hepatology2002，，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Fulminant hepatitis failure: summary of a workshop 显示文摘 | Carithers RL Jr Shapira C | 1995 | Hepatology1995，21，1： | 1 |
| 18 | AASLD practice guidelines:Evaluation of the patient for liver transplantation显示文摘 | MURRAY KF CARITHERS RL | 2005 | Hepatology2005，41，： | 1 |
| 19 | Methylprednisolone therapy in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis:a randomized muhicenter trial显示文摘 | Carithers RL Jr Herlong HF Diehl AM | 1989 | Ann Intern Med1989，110，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Effect of interferon on hepatitis B 显示文摘 | Carithers RL Jr | 1998 | Lancet1998，351，9097： | 1 |
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