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| 1 | Knockout mouse models of insulin signaling: Relevance past and future显示文摘Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. In an effort to understand and treat this condition, re searchers have used genetic manipulation of mice to uncover insulin signaling pathways and determine the effects of their perturbation. After decades of research much has been learned, but the pathophysiology o insulin resistance in human diabetes remains contro versial, and treating insulin resistance remains a chal lenge. This review will discuss limitations of mouse models lacking select insulin signaling molecule genes In the most influential mouse models, glucose metabo lism differs from that of humans at the cellular, organ and whole-organism levels, and these differences limi the relevance and benefit of the mouse models both in terms of mechanistic investigations and therapeutic development. These differences are due partly to im mutable differences in mouse and human biology, and partly to the failure of genetic modifications to produce an accurate model of human diabetes. Several fac tors often limit the mechanistic insights gained from experimental mice to the particular species and strain including: developmental effects, unexpected meta bolic adjustments, genetic background effects, and technical issues. We conclude that the limitations and weaknesses of genetically modified mouse models of insulin resistance underscore the need for redirection of research efforts toward methods that are more directly relevant to human physiology. | Anne E Bunner P Charukeshi Chandrasekera Neal D Barnard | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，2： | 9 |
| 2 | Magnetic resonance studies of jets in a gas-solid fluidised bed显示文摘Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to study the behaviour of jets at the distributor of a 50 mm diameter fluidised bed of 0.5 mm diameter poppy seeds. Two perforated-plate distributors were examined, containing either 10 or 14 holes, each 1 mm diameter. Ultra-fast MR imaging was able to show the transient nature of the upper parts of the jets, where discrete bubbles are formed. Imaging in 3D showed that the central jets were the longest for flow rates below minimum fluidisation. Above minimum fluidisation, the outer jets, nearest the wall of the fluidised bed, arched inward towards the central axis. In this latter case, interpretation of the time-averaged 3D image required the use of ultra-fast MR imaging to identify the approximate height above the distributor at which discrete bubbles were formed. The apparently continuous void extending along the central axis above this height in the time-averaged 3D image was thus identified, using ultra-fast MR imaging, as representing the averaged paths of released bubbles. Time-averaged MR velocity mapping was also used to identify dead zones of stationary particles resting on the distributor between the jets. The dead zones could be observed when the superficial velocity of the gas approached minimum fluidisation, but they were smaller than those observed at lower gas superficial velocity. Comparable images of a single jet through 1.2 mm diameter poppy seeds from MRI and electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT) are also demonstrated. | Meenal Pore Thusara C. Chandrasekera Daniel J. Holland Aining Wang Fei Wang Qussai Marashdeh Michael D. Mantle Andrew J. Sederman Liang-Shih Fan Lynn F. Gladden John S. Dennis | 2012 | Particuology2012，10，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Magnetic resonance imaging in laboratory petrophysical core analysis 显示文摘 | Mitchell J Chandrasekera T C Holland D J el al | 2013 | Physics Reports2013，526，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Low-field permanent magnets for industrial process and quality control显示文摘 | Mitchell J Gladden L F Chandrasekera T C | 2014 | Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc2014，76，： | 1 |
| 5 | Dif- ferential effects of adenosine A2a and A2b receptors on cardiac contractility 显示文摘 | CHANDRASEKERA P C MCINTOSH V J CAO F X | 2010 | Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol2010，299，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Low ~field permanent magnets for industrial process and quality control显示文摘 | Mitchell J Gladden L F Chandrasekera T C | 2014 | Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy2014，76，： | 1 |
| 7 | Extended linear refraction-diffraction model显示文摘 | Chandrasekera C N Cheung K F | 1997 | Journal of Waterway Port Coastal and O- cean Engineering1997，123，： | 1 |
| 8 | Molecular sig- natures in protein sequences that are characteristic of Cyanobacteria and plastid homologues 显示文摘 | Gupta RS Pereira M Chandrasekera C | 2003 | Int J Syst Evol Microbiol2003，53，： | 1 |
| 9 | Adenosine A1 re- eeptors heterodimerize with 131 - and 132 - adrenergic receptors crea- ting novel receptor complexes with altered G protein coupling and signaling显示文摘 | Chandrasekera PC Wan TC Gizewski ET | 2013 | Cell Signal2013，25，： | 1 |
| 10 | Low-field permanent magnets for industrial process and quality control 显示文摘 | Mitchell J Gladden LF Chandrasekera TC | 2014 | Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy2014，76，： | 1 |
| 11 | Extended linear refrac- tion-diffraction model显示文摘 | Chandrasekera C N Cheung K F | 1997 | Journal of Waterway Port Coast- al and Ocean Engineering1997，123，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Numerical estimation of relaxation and diffusion distributions in two dimensions显示文摘 | Mitchell J Chandrasekera T C Gladden L F | 2012 | Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc2012，62，： | 1 |
| 13 | Numerical estimation of relaxation and diffusion distributions in two dimensions显示文摘 | MITCHELL J CHANDRASEKERA T GLADDEN L | 2012 | Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy2012，62，： | 1 |
| 14 | Low-field permanent magnets for industrial process and quality control显示文摘 | MITCHELL J GLADDEN L F CHANDRASEKERA T C | 2014 | Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy2014，76，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Leptin-and leptin receptor-defi- cient rodent models:relevance for human type 2 diabetes 显示文摘 | Wang B Chandrasekera PC Pippin JJ | 2014 | Curr Di- abetes Rev2014，10，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Numerical estimation of relaxation and diffusion distributions in two dimensions显示文摘 | Mitchell J Chandrasekera T C Gladden L F | 2012 | Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc2012，62，： | 1 |
| 17 | Differential effects of adenosine A2a and A2b receptors on cardiac contractility显示文摘 | Chandrasekera PC Mclntosh VJ Cao FX | 2010 | Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol2010，299，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Adenosine A1 receptors heterodimerize with 显示文摘 | Chandrasekera PC Wan TC Gizewski ET | 2013 | Cell Signal2013，25，4： | 1 |
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