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| 1 | Changes in soil organic carbon of terrestrial ecosystems in China:A mini-review显示文摘The present study provides an overview of existing literature on changes in soil organic carbon(SOC) of various terrestrial ecosystems in China.Datasets from the literature suggest that SOC stocks in forest,grassland,shrubland and cropland increased between the early 1980s and the early 2000s,amounting to(71±19) Tg·a-1.Conversion of marshland to cropland in the Sanjiang Plain of northeast China resulted in SOC loss of(6±2) Tg·a-1 during the same period.Nevertheless,large uncertainties exist in these estimates,especially for the SOC changes in the forest,shrubland and grassland.To reduce uncertainty,we suggest that future research should focus on:(i) identifying land use changes throughout China with high spatiotemporal resolution,and measuring the SOC loss and sequestration due to land use change;(ii) estimating the changes in SOC of shrubland and non-forest trees(i.e.,cash,shelter and landscape trees);(iii) quantifying the impacts of grassland management on the SOC pool;(iv) evaluating carbon changes in deep soil layers;(v) projecting SOC sequestration potential;and(vi) developing carbon budget models for better estimating the changes in SOC of terrestrial ecosystems in China. | HUANG Yao*,SUN WenJuan,ZHANG Wen & YU YongQiang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 46 |
| 2 | Distant hybridization leads to different ploidy fishes显示文摘Distant hybridization makes it possible to transfer the genome of one species to another, which results in changes in phenotypes and genotypes of the progenies. This study shows that distant hybridization or the combination of this method with gynogenesis or androgenesis lead to different ploidy fishes with genetic variation, including fertile tetraploid hybrids, sterile triploid hybrids, fertile diploid hybrids, fertile diploid gynogenetic fish, and their derived progenies. The formations of the different ploidy fishes depend on the genetic relationship between the parents. In this study, several types of distant hybridization, including red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (2n=100, abbreviated as RCC) (♀)×common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (2n=100, abbreviated as CC) (♂), and RCC (2n=100) (♀)×blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) (2n=48, abbreviated as BSB) (♂) are described. In the distant hybridization of RCC (♀)×CC (♂), bisexual fertile F3–F18 allotetraploid hybrids (4n=200, abbreviated as 4nAT) were formed. The diploid hybrid eggs and diploid sperm generated by the females and males of 4nAT developed into diploid gynogenetic hybrids and diploid androgenetic hybrids, respectively, by gynogenesis and androgenesis, without treatment for doubling the chromosome. Improved tetraploid hybrids and improved diploid fishes with genetic variation were derived from the gynogenetic hybrid line. The improved diploid fishes included the high-body RCC and high-body goldfish. The formation of the tetraploid hybrids was related to the occurrence of unreduced gametes generated from the diploid hybrids, which involved in premeiotic endoreduplication, endomitosis, or fusion of germ cells. The sterile triploid hybrids (3n=150) were produced on a large scale by crossing the males of tetraploid hybrids with females of diploid fish (2n=100). In another distant hybridization of RCC (♀)×BSB (♂), different ploidy fishes were obtained, including diploid bisexual fertile natural gynogenetic fish (2n=100), sterile triploid hybrids (3n=124), and bisexual fertile tetraploid hybrids (4n=148). Furthermore, two kinds of pentaploid hybrids (5n=172 and 5n=198) were formed. The biological characteristics and the mechanisms of formation of the different ploidy fish were compared and discussed at the cellular and molecular level. The results indicated distant hybridization or the combination of this method with gynogenesis or androgenesis affects the formation of different ploidy fish with genetic variation. | LIU ShaoJun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，4： | 39 |
| 3 | 铝、镁轻合金中的稀土显示文摘综述了稀土镁和稀土铝合金的晶体化学、热力学和相图数据,根据其应用前景特别注意了富镁、富铝稀土合金及添加稀土对合金性能的影响,报道了若干稀土镁、稀土铝及含两个不同稀土的镁、铝合金的研究结果。对富镁、富铝的二元和三元合金相的结晶化学及形成规律进行了总结和讨论,并对有确定结构的合金精细设计和可能的应用提出了建议。 | Ferro R, Saccone A, Borzone G( Division of General and Inorganic Chemistry and Metallurgy Department of Chemistry, University of Genova, Dodecaneso 31,I 16146 Genova, Italy ) | 1997 | 中国稀土学报1997，15，3： | 36 |
| 4 | Complex role of matrix metalloproteinases in angiogenesis显示文摘Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) play a significant role in regulating angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation. Interstitial collagenase (MMP-1), 72 kDa gelatinase A/type IV collagenase (MMP-2), and 92 kDa gelatinase B/type IV collagenase (MMP-9) dissolve extracellular matrix (ECM) and may initiate and Promote angiogenesis. TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, and possibly,TIMP-4 inhibit neovascularisation. A new paradigm is emerging that matrilysin (MMP-7), MMP-9, and metalloelastase (MMP-12) may block angiogehesis by converting plasndnogen to angiostatin, which is one of the most potent angiogenesis antagonists. MMPs and TIMPs play a complex role in regulating angiogenesis. An understanding of the biochemical and cellular pathways and mechanisms of angiogenesis will provide importal information to allow the control of angiogenesis, e.g. the stimulation of angiogenesis for coronary collateral circulation formation; while the inhibition for treating arthritis and cancer. | SANG QING XIANG AMY(Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA) | 1998 | Cell Research1998，8，3： | 40 |
| 5 | Formation and Water Stability of Aggregates in Red Soils as Affected by Organic Matter显示文摘FormationandWaterStabilityofAggregatesinRedSoilsasAffectedbyOrganicMatter￥ZHANGMINGKUI;HEZHENLI;CHENGUOCHAO;HUANGCHANGYONGIan... | ZHANG MINGKUI HE ZHENLI CHEN GUOCHAO HUANG CHANGYONGI andM. J. WILSON￣2(￣1DePartment of Land Use and Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Hangzhou 31O029(China))(￣2Soils and Soil Microbiology Division, Macaulay Land Use Research Inst | 1996 | Pedosphere1996，6，1： | 38 |
| 6 | The control of syndepositional faulting on the Eogene sedimentary basin fills of the Dongying and Zhanhua sags, Bohai Bay Basin显示文摘The Dongying and Zhanhua sags are the major hydrocarbon exploration and produc- tion subbasins in the Bohai Bay Basin. Integrated analysis of the sedimentary basin fills has shown that the syndepositional faults and their arrangement styles exerted an important influ- ence on the development and distribution of the Eogene depositional systems. The sedimentary filling evolution of the subbasins reflects the general control of the episodic rifting process. The major long-term active normal faults formed a series of paleogeomorphic accident or slopebreak zones that commonly delineated the subsidiary palaeostructural units and the depositional facies tracts and constrained the general distribution of sedimentary facies zones. The central sag boundary fault slopebreak zones usually determined the distribution of the depocenters of ter- restrial clastic depositional systems, particularly the lowstand fans or deltaic depositional sys- tems, and have proven to be the economically important targets for the exploration of subtle sandstone reservoirs. A variety of syndepositional fault arrangement patterns, including the par- allel, en echelon, combo-like, broom-like fault systems and the fault overlap or transfer zones, have been recognized in the subbasins. They generated distinctive geomorphic features and exerted a direct influence on sediment dispersal and sandbody distribution during the Eogene synrift stage. It is the key for the prediction of depositional systems tracts and reservoir sand- stones to investigate the activity and distribution of the fault slopebreak zones and reconstruct the structural paleogeomorphy in different basin filling stages of the basin evolution. | LIN Changsong1, ZHENG Herong2, REN Jianye1, LIU Jingyan1 & Qiu Yigang1 1. Department of Energy Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 2. Petroleum Exploration and Production Institute, Sino-Petroleum and Chemistry Cooperation, Beijing 100083, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，9： | 33 |
| 7 | Assessment of candidate plant DNA barcodes using the Rutaceae family显示文摘DNA barcoding is a rapidly developing frontier technology that is gaining worldwide attention.Here,seven regions (psbA-trnH,matK,ycf5,rpoC1,rbcL,ITS2,and ITS) with potential for use as DNA barcodes were tested for their ability to identify 300 samples of 192 species from 72 genera of the family Rutaceae.To evaluate each barcode’s utility for species authentication,PCR amplification efficiency,genetic divergence,and barcoding gaps were assessed.We found that the ITS2 region exhibited the highest inter-specific divergence,and that this was significantly higher than the intra-specific variation in the 'DNA barcoding gap' assessment and Wilcoxon two-sample tests.The ITS2 locus had the highest identification efficiency among all tested regions.In a previous study,we found that ITS2 was able to discriminate a wide range of plant taxa,and here we confirmed that ITS2 was also able to discriminate a number of closely related species.Therefore,we propose that ITS2 is a promising candidate barcode for plant species identification. | LUO Kun1,2,CHEN ShiLin1,CHEN KeLi2,SONG JingYuan1,YAO Hui1,MA XinYe1,ZHU YingJie3,PANG XiaoHui1,YU Hua1,LI XiWen1,4 & LIU Zhen2 1Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Peking Union Medical College,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100193,China 2College of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430061,China 3School of Bioscience and Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China 4Department of Chemistry,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，6： | 32 |
| 8 | Features and mechanism for coagulation-flocculation processes of polyaluminum chloride显示文摘The coagulation flocculation experiments for kaolinite suspension were carried out withpolyaluminurn chloride of various basicities. The rnicroelectrophoresis mobility and adsorption of alu-minum species were determined simultaneously. The quantitative re | Tang Hongxiao Luan Zhaokun(State Key Laboratory of Environrnental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing100085 , China) | 1995 | Journal of Environmental Sciences1995，7，2： | 31 |
| 9 | Micro-mechanical analysis of dynamic processes of nanomanipulation显示文摘In this study, atomic force microscope (AFM) tips are used as tools to cut and manipulate carbon nanotubes on various surfaces. The lateral forces acting on AFM tips during manipulation are also recorded and analyzed from the perspective of micro-mechanics. It is found that differences in surface conditions can lead to obvious increase in micro-friction between nanotube and substrate. And also due to rehybridization, carbon nanotubes present excellent resilience when undergoing different degrees of strain. Finally, carbon nanotubes can complexly deform from elastic stage to plastic stage before complete rupture. | HU Jie, ZHANG Yujun, LI Peng, WANG Hui, HUANG Lan & HU YuanzhongState Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2004 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2004，47，z1： | 28 |
| 10 | Quantification of soil organic carbon sequestration potential in cropland:A model approach显示文摘Agroecosystems have a critical role in the terrestrial carbon cycling process.Soil organic carbon(SOC) in cropland is of great importance for mitigating atmospheric carbon dioxide increases and for global food security.With an understanding of soil carbon saturation,we analyzed the datasets from 95 global long-term agricultural experiments distributed across a vast area spanning wide ranges of temperate,subtropical and tropical climates.We then developed a statistical model for estimating SOC sequestration potential in cropland.The model is driven by air temperature,precipitation,soil clay content and pH,and explains 58% of the variation in the observed soil carbon saturation(n=76).Model validation using independent data observed in China yielded a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.74(n=19,P<0.001).Model sensitivity analysis suggested that soils with high clay content and low pH in the cold,humid regions possess a larger carbon sequestration potential than other soils.As a case study,we estimated the SOC sequestration potential by applying the model in Henan Province.Model estimations suggested that carbon(C) density at the saturation state would reach an average of 32 t C ha-1 in the top 0-20 cm soil depth.Using SOC density in the 1990s as a reference,cropland soils in Henan Province are expected to sequester an additional 100 Tg C in the future. | QIN ZhangCai & HUANG Yao* State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，7： | 26 |
| 11 | The characteristics of atmospheric CO_2 concentration variation of four national background stations in China显示文摘Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an important kind of greenhouse gas which influences global temperature. Its concentration variation could indicate the distribution of human and natural activities in various regions. Through the non-dispersive infrared method, flask sampling of atmospheric CO2 concen- tration was measured weekly at four national background stations including Waliguan, Shangdianzi, Lin’an, and Longfengshan. Based on the data collected from September 2006 to August 2007, along with the Waliguan station’s experience on in situ observational data processing, the selection methods for sampling data through the atmospheric background CO2 concentration analysis were preliminarily discussed. On the basis of this result, the variation features of the four typical regions’ atmospheric background CO2 concentration was analyzed for the first time. The results show that the atmospheric CO2 concentration at Waliguan, Shangdianzi, Lin’an, and Longfengshan is 383.5, 385.9, 387.8, and 384.3 ppm, respectively. During the research period, CO2 concentration at the Waliguan station changed slightly. However, the CO2 concentration changed sharply at the Shangdianzi and the Lin’an stations due to the great influence of human activities in the Jingjinji and the Changjiang Delta economic zones, and changed regularly with seasons at Longfengshan station under dual influences of human activities and plant photosynthesis. The results from this study can lay the foundation for more profound studies on atmospheric CO2 concentration level of different areas in China, and could be used to improve the understanding of carbon source and sink distribution. | LIU LiXin, ZHOU LingXi, ZHANG XiaoChun, WEN Min, ZHANG Fang, YAO Bo & FANG ShuangXi Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CAWAS), Chinese Academy of Meteoro- logical Sciences (CAMS), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Beijing 100081, China | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，11： | 26 |
| 12 | Study of ozone “weekend effect” in Shanghai显示文摘Analysis of observed ozone data in 2006 from five monitoring sites (Xujiahui, Chongming, Baoshan, Pudong, Jinshan) in Shanghai reveals that ozone (O_3) concentrations in Xujiahui are higher at week-ends than those on weekdays, despite the fact that emissions of ozone precursor substances, such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are lower at weekends than those on weekdays. The possible chemical cause of ozone 'weekend effect' is that NO_2/NO ratio increases at weekends by 25.61% compared with those on weekdays. In addition, because of an average 12.13% reduction in NOx (NO + NO_2) in the early morning (05:00-09:00) at weekends compared with that on weekdays, the ozone inhibition period ends 0.5 h earlier at weekends resulting in the longer duration of ozone accumulation and the higher ozone production rate. The rate of ozone production is a function of VOCs and NOx in the atmosphere. VOCs/NOx ratio in Xujiahui is 4.55 at weekends, and 4.37 on weekdays, belonging to the 'NOx-limited'. The increasing VOCs/NOx ratio at weekends leads to ozone enhancement from 73 ppbv to 80 ppbv, which are consistent with ozone 'weekend effect' in Xujiahui. Furthermore, combining with MICAPS cloud amount data, the fact that ozone 'weekend effect' in Xujiahui weakens gradually along with the increasing of cloud amount indicates that ozone photochemical production leads to ozone 'weekend effect' in Xujiahui of Shanghai. | TANG WenYuan1↑, ZHAO ChunSheng1, GENG FuHai1,2, PENG Li2, ZHOU GuangQiang2, GAO Wei2, XU JianMing2 & TIE XueXi2,3 1 Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2 Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory of Shanghai Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 200030, China 3 Atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder CO 80301, USA | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，9： | 23 |
| 13 | Establishment of the diploid gynogenetic hybrid clonal line of red crucian carp × common carp显示文摘This study investigated the gynogenetic cytobiological behavior of the third gynogenetic generation (G3), which was generated from the diploid eggs produced by the second gynogenetic generation (G2) of red crucian carp × common carp, and determined the chromosomal numbers of G3, G2×scatter scale carp and G2×allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp. The results showed that the diploid eggs of G2 with 100 chromosomes, activated by UV-irradiated sperm from scatter scale carp and without the treatment for doubling the chromosomes, could develop into G3 with 100 chromosomes. Similar to the first and second gynogenetic generations (G1 and G2), G3 was also diploid (2n=100) and presented the hybrid traits. The triploids (3n=150) and tetraploids (4n=200) were produced by crossing G2 with scatter scale carp and crossing G2 with allotetraploids, respectively. The extrusion of the second polar body in the eggs of G2 ruled out the possibility that the retention of the second polar body led to the formation of the diploid eggs. In addition, we discussed the mechanism of the formation of the diploid eggs generated by G2. The establishment of the diploid gynogenesis clonal line (G1, G2 and G3) provided the evidence that the diploid eggs were able to develop into a new diploid hybrid clonal line by gynogenesis. By producing the diploid eggs as a unique reproductive way, the diploid gyno- genetic progeny of allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp had important signifi- cances in both biological evolution and production application. | LIU ShaoJun, DUAN Wei, TAO Min, ZHANG Chun, SUN YuanDong, SHEN JiaMin, WANG Jing, LUO KaiKun & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Fish Developmental Biology of Education Ministry of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，2： | 21 |
| 14 | Molecular dynamics simulation of mechanical properties of TATB/fluorine-polymer PBXs along different surfaces显示文摘The mechanical properties of PBXs composed of the well-known insensitive explo-sive TATB (1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene) crystal and four kinds of typical fluo-rine-polymers, i.e. poly (vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), fluo-rine rubber (F2311) and fluorine resin (F2314) individually, have been simulated by molecular dy-namics (MD) method. The results show that the mechanical properties of TATB can be effectively improved by blending with a small amount of fluorine-polymers. Different mechanical properties of PBXs are obtained by putting fluorine-polymer binders parallel to different crystalline surfaces. The whole effect of improving mechanical properties is found to be (010)?(100)>(001). | XIAO Jijun1, HUANG Yucheng1, HU Yingjie1,2 & XIAO Heming1 1. Department of Chemistry, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China 2. Department of Chemistry, Nanjing Xiaozhuang College, Nanjing 210017, China Correspondence should be addressed to Xiao Heming (email: xiao@mail.njust.edu.cn) | 2005 | Science China Chemistry2005，48，6： | 19 |
| 15 | Electrical Investigation of Some Silver Containing Ceramics Obtained from Coprecipitated Oxalates显示文摘Silver-ceramics (Ag2MO2)(M=Co, Ni, or Cu) were prepared through thermal decompositionof coprecipitated oxalates. Pellets of these materials were annealed at 350℃ for different timeperiods up to 5 h. The effect of annealing time on the transport properties was studied. IR andX-ray spectra were also studied. | M.I.El-Hofy(Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt)A.M.Donia(Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt)M.M.Abou-Sekkina(Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taota Un | 1999 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology1999，15，1： | 19 |
| 16 | Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at Beijing——The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside Beijing显示文摘A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contributions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside Beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside Beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in Beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 32%―67% of total suspended particles (TSP), 10%―70% of fine particles (PM2.5), and as high as 74% and 90% of TSP and PM2.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside Beijing contributed 62% (38%―86%) of the total mineral aerosols in TSP, 69% (52%―90%) in PM10, and 76% (59%―93%) in PM2.5 in spring, and 69% (52%―83%), 79% (52%―93%), and 45% (7%―79%) in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively, in winter, while only ~20% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside Beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in Beijing. The contributions from outside Beijing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors. | HAN Lihui1, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2,3, SUN Yele1 & WANG Zifa3 1. The Center for Atmospheric Environmental Study, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2. Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 3. LAPC/NZC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Beijing 100029, China | 2005 | Science China Chemistry2005，48，3： | 18 |
| 17 | Applications of functionalized ionic liquids显示文摘Recent developments of the synthesis and applications of functionalized ionic liquids (including dual-functionalized ionic liquids) have been highlighted in this review. Ionic liquids are at-tracting attention as alternative solvents in green chemistry, but as more functionalized ILs are pre-pared, a greater number of applications in increasingly diverse fields are found. | LI Xuehui1, ZHAO Dongbin2,3, FEI Zhaofu2 & WANG Lefu1 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology, South China Uni-versity of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China 2. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 3. PKU Green Chemistry Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2006 | Science China Chemistry2006，49，5： | 18 |
| 18 | Peat molecular fossils recording paleoclimatic change and organism replacement显示文摘The occurrence of the dominant C23 n-alkane derived from bryophyte was demonstrated to be related to the cold climate, based on the GC and GC/MS analyses on a 40-cm long peat core, in which this compound exponentially varies in abundance with the depth corresponding to the well-known second Little Ice Age. Both the variation of the chemical components of modern bryophyte resulted from climatic change and the ecological data about the biological growth influenced by climate shed light on the point that the variation of this compound in the peat was related to the cold climate. This was also evidenced by the previously-reported lacustrine data. In addition, the variations of the ratios of ketones/esters and C24 n-alkene/n-alkane (C24:1/024:0) display the trend identical with that of organisms, implicating the replacement between bryophyte and monocotyledon occurring in the peat core. | XIE Shucheng & R. P. Evershed1. Faculty of Earth Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2. School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK Correspondence should be addressed to Xie Shucheng (e-mail: scxie@ public.wh.hb.cn) | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，20： | 16 |
| 19 | SnCl_4催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯显示文摘邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的传统工业制法是用浓硫酸催化邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇进行酯化,但副产物多,而且设备腐蚀严重.近年来随着催化剂的广泛研究,出现固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2[1,2]、SO2-4/TiO2[1,3]、氧化物SnO[4]、盐类Fe2(SO4)... | Zeng Qingle (Department of Chemistry,Zhangzhou Normal College,Zhangzhou 363000) | 1999 | 应用化学1999，16，3： | 16 |
| 20 | Arginine bi-directional translocation and breakdown into ornithine along the arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelium显示文摘Bi-directional translocation and degradation of Arginine (Arg) along the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal mycelium were testified through 15N and/or 13C isotopic labeling. In vitro mycorrhizas of Glomus intraradices and Ri T-DNA-transformed carrot roots were grown in dual compartment Petri dishes. [15N- and/or13C]Arg was supplied to either the fungal compartment or the mycorrhizal compartment or separate dishes containing the uncolonized roots. The levels and labeling of free amino acids (AAs) in the mycorrhizal roots and in the extraradical mycelia(ERM) were measured by gas chromatogra- phy/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The ERM of AM fungi exposed in either NH4+ or urea as sole external nitrogen source had much higher 15N enrichment of Arg, compared with those in nitrate or exogenous Arg; however, glycerol supplied as an external car- bon source to the ERM had no significant effect on the level of Arg in the ERM. Meanwhile, Arg bio- synthesized in the ERM could be translocated intact to the mycorrhizal roots and thereby the level of Arg in the mycorrhizal roots increased to about 20% after culture of ERM in 4 mmol/L NH4+ for 6 weeks. Also Arg was found to be bi-directionally transported along the AM fungal mycelium through [U-13C]Arg labeling either in the mycorrhizal compartment or in the fungal compartment. Once Arg was translo- cated to the potential N-limited sites, it would be further degraded into ornithine (Orn) and urea since either [U-13C] or [U-15N/U-13C]Orn was apparently shown up in the mycorrhizal root tissues when [U-13C] or [U-15N/U-13C]Arg was labeled in the fungal compartment, respectively. Evidently Orn formation indi- cated the ongoing activities of Arg translocation and degradation through the urea cycle in AM fungal mycelium. | JIN HaiRu College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，4： | 16 |
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