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    题名 作者 年代 出处 被引量
1Metal foams: A survey显示文摘The current state-of-the-art in the development of cellular metal foams is reviewed, with focus on their fabrication, mechanical/thermal/acoustic properties, and potential applications as lightweight panels, energy absorbers, heat exchangers, and acoustic liners. Foam property charts with scaling relations are presented, allowing scoping and selection through the use of material indices.Michael F.Ashby 卢天健 2003Science China Chemistry2003,46,6:45
2Achieving over 16% efficiency for single-junction organic solar cells显示文摘To achieve high photovoltaic performance of bulk hetero-junction organic solar cells(OSCs), a range of critical factors including absorption profiles, energy level alignment, charge carrier mobility and miscibility of donor and acceptor materials should be carefully considered. For electron-donating materials, the deep highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) energy level that is beneficial for high open-circuit voltage is much appreciated. However, a new issue in charge transfer emerges when matching such a donor with an acceptor that has a shallower HOMO energy level. More to this point, the chemical strategies used to enhance the absorption coefficient of acceptors may lead to increased molecular crystallinity, and thus result in less controllable phase-separation of photoactive layer. Therefore, to realize balanced photovoltaic parameters, the donor-acceptor combinations should simultaneously address the absorption spectra, energy levels, and film morphologies. Here, we selected two non-fullerene acceptors, namely BTPT-4F and BTPTT-4F, to match with a wide-bandgap polymer donor P2F-EHp consisting of an imidefunctionalized benzotriazole moiety, as these materials presented complementary absorption and well-matched energy levels. By delicately optimizing the blend film morphology, we demonstrated an unprecedented power conversion efficiency of over 16% for the device based on P2F-EHp:BTPTT-4F, suggesting the great promise of materials matching toward high-performance OSCs.Baobing Fan Difei Zhang Meijing Li Wenkai Zhong Zhaomiyi Zeng Lei Ying Fei Huang Yong Cao 2019Science China Chemistry2019,62,6:38
3Ozone source attribution during a severe photochemical smog episode in Beijing,China显示文摘Beijing,the capital of China,frequently suffers from the high levels of ozone in summer.A 3-D regional chemical transport model,the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions(CAMx),has been used to simulate a heavy O3 pollution episode in Beijing during June 26―July 2,2000.Ozone Source Apportionment Technology(OSAT) and Geographic Ozone Assessment Technology(GOAT) were applied to quantify the contributions of the precursor emissions from different regions to O3 concentrations in Beijing,to identify the relative importance of different ways by which regional sources affected the O3 levels in Beijing urban areas,and to investigate the sensitivity of O3 formation to the precursors during the episode.The O3 pollution in Beijing showed a significant spatial distribution with strong regional contribution.The results suggested that the plume originating from Beijing urban areas greatly affected the O3 concentrations at the Dingling site,accounting for 55% of elevated O3 there,while O3 pollution in the Beijing urban areas resulted from both local emissions and those from Tianjin and the south of Hebei Province.Transport of O3 was responsible for about 70% of the regional O3 contribution to Beijing urban areas,while transport of O3 precursors accounted for the remainder.The formation of O3 was limited by volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in the urban areas of Beijing,while being more sensitive to NOx levels in the suburban and more remote areas.Therefore,it is necessary to consider a large number of factors,including impacts of emissions from different regions,the two modes of regional contribution as well as the sensitivity of O3 formation to precursors,in the design of emissions control strategies for O3 reduction in Beijing.WANG XueSong LI JinLong ZHANG YuanHang XIE ShaoDong TANG XiaoYan 2009Science China Chemistry2009,52,8:32
4Regional ozone pollution and key controlling factors of photochemical ozone production in Pearl River Delta during summer time显示文摘An intensive field campaign including measurements from the environmental monitoring network and from two super sites took place in the Pearl River Delta region in summer 2006.Using routinely measured O3 and NOx concentrations,the spatial and temporal variation of O3 and of the total oxidant concentrations was characterized.According to the spatial variability of NO2/NO,the two super sites were found to be representative of polluted urban and downwind suburban conditions.In addition,both sites were located in high O3 regions.In-depth diagnostic of photochemical ozone production processes and their key controlling factors are achieved with an observation-based model(OBM) to gain regional perspectives.Budget analysis and sensitivity model runs show that aldehyde and HONO chemistry had significant impacts on local photochemical ozone production rates.The analysis of calculated Relative Incremental Reactivities shows that photochemical ozone production rates are mainly sensitive to anthropogenic hydrocarbons(HCs) in the polluted urban areas.In the suburban areas,sensitivity to nitrogen oxide(NO) concentrations dominated.Key anthropogenic HCs in both areas are alkenes and aromatics.Significant differences of ozone production efficiencies are identified between the urban and suburban regions,consistent with the OBM diagnosed results.CHANG ChihChung CHOU C.K.Charles Andreas Wahner 2010Science China Chemistry2010,53,3:34
5TIMING OF COLLISION BETWEEN THE NORTH AND SOUTH CHINA BLOCKS——THE Sm-Nd ISOTOPIC AGE EVIDENCE显示文摘Sm-Nd isotopic ages for C-type eclogite (243.9±5.6 Ma) and mafic and ultramafic rocks(230.6±30.7 Ma and 402.6±17.4 Ma) from the Qinling-Dabieshan orogenic belt are reported.These ages suggest that at the early Triassic, the North and South China Blocks have beenunited along the Qinling-Dabieshan collision zone, and before the final collision, a se-ries of ophiolite obductions took place successively away from the continental marginduring the Paleozoic.李曙光 S.R.HART 郑双根 刘德良 张国伟 郭安林 1989Science China Chemistry1989,32,11:33
6Synthesis and properties of phosphorus-containing bio-based epoxy resin from itaconic acid显示文摘A phosphorus-containing bio-based epoxy resin(EADI)was synthesized from itaconic acid(IA)and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide(DOPO).As a matrix,its cured epoxy network with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride(MHHPA)as the curing agent showed comparable glass-transition temperature and mechanical properties to diglycidyl ether in a bisphenol A(DGEBA)system as well as good flame retardancy with UL94 V-0 grade during a vertical burning test.As a reactive flame retardant,its flame-resistant effect on DGEBA/MHHPA system as well as its influence on the curing behavior and the thermal and mechanical properties of the modified epoxy resin were investigated.Results showed that after the introduction of EADI,not only were the flame retardancy determined by vertical burning test,LOI measurement,and thermogravimetric analysis significantly improved,but also the curing reactivity,glass transition temperature(T g),initial degradation temperature for 5%weight loss(T d(5%)),and flexural modulus of the cured system improved as well.EADI has great potential to be used as a green flame retardant in epoxy resin systems.MA SongQi LIU XiaoQing JIANG YanHua FAN LiBo FENG JianXiang ZHU Jin 2014Science China Chemistry2014,57,3:33
7Microcalorimetric investigation of the effect of berberine alkaloids from Coptis chinensis Franch on Staphylococcus aureus growth显示文摘The inhibitory effects of three berberine alkaloids (BAs) from rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch, a traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herb, on Staphylococcus aureus growth were investigated by mi- crocalorimetry. The power–time curves of S. aureus with and without BAs were acquired; meanwhile the extent and duration of inhibitory effects on the metabolism were evaluated by studying the growth rate constant (k), half inhibitory ratio (IC50), maximum heat-output power (Pmax), peak time of maximum heat-output power (tp) and total heat production (Qt). The value of k of S. aureus in the presence of the three BAs decreased with the increasing concentrations of BAs. Moreover, Pmax was reduced and the value of tp increased with increasing concentrations of the three drugs. The inhibitory activity varied with different drugs. The values of IC50 of the three BAs are respectively, 101.4 μg/mL for berberine, 241.0 μg/mL for palmatine and 792.3 μg/mL for jateorrhizine. The sequence of antimicrobial activity of the three BAs is: berberine > palmatine > jateorrhizine. It is suggested that the functional group me- thylenedioxy or methoxyl at C2 on the phenyl ring could possibly improve antimicrobial activity more strongly than hydroxyl at C2 on the phenyl ring.YAN Dan XIAO XiaoHe JIN Cheng DONG XiaoPing 2008Science China Chemistry2008,51,7:27
8AN ENORMOUS THRUST NAPPE AND EXTENSIONAL METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX NEWLY DISCOVERED IN SINO-MONGOLIAN BOUNDARY AREA显示文摘An enormous thrust nappe and a metamorphic core complex of extensional origin have been recently discovered within the Hercynian-Indosinian orogen of Inner Mongolia. Both features are of the Mesozoic age, but the former is older. The thrust nappe strikes WNW-ESE and Proterozoic dolomite was thrust southwards atop strata ranging from the Cambrian to the Triassic in age. The visible displacement of the thrust is ca. 70 km and the deduced one is over 140 km. The metamorphic core complex (mainly mylonites) extends in an N-E direction, forming itself into a dome geometry and lying under an extensional detachment fault. The mylonitic foliation dips gently and the stretching mineral lineation, as a whole, plunges SSE. Various shear sense markers show a normal-sense shear movement. Some significant problems atise from the coexistence of nappe and extensional structures at a postoro-genic stage.郑亚东 王士政 王玉芳 1991Science China Chemistry1991,34,9:26
9Aggregation-induced emission: a coming-of-age ceremony at the age of eighteen显示文摘Aggregation-induced emission(AIE) has drawn great attention worldwide for its unique optical phenomenon and huge potential applications. Since coined by Ben Zhong Tang et al. in 2001, AIE has been deeply investigated and widely utilized in many important areas, such as organic light-emitting diode(OLED), sensor, and bio-imaging. Herein, we highlight some important progress of AIE in these eighteen years, including the exploration of internal mechanism and potential applications. Furthermore,some other interestingly emissive behaviors, originating but distinguishing from the AIE concept, are presented. It is anticipated an overall understanding about AIE could be easily caught from this short review for scientists, no matter whether they are involved in this exciting and rising research area or not.Jie Yang Zhenguo Chi Weihong Zhu Ben Zhong Tang Zhen Li 2019Science China Chemistry2019,62,9:25
10The roles of heterogeneous chemical processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze显示文摘Urban and regional air pollutions are characterized by high concentrations of secondary pollutants such as photo-oxidants (mainly ozone) and fine particulate matter,which are formed through chemical reactions of the primary pollutants emitted from various sources.The accumulation of these pollutants under stagnant meteorological conditions results in the formation of gray haze,reducing visibility and causing major impacts on human health and climate.In an air pollution complex,the coexistence of high concentrations of primary and secondary gaseous and particulate pollutants provides a large amount of reactants for heterogeneous reactions on the surface of fine particles;these reactions change the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere,as well as chemical compositions along with the physicochemical and optical properties of particulate matter,thereby accelerating formation of the air pollution complex and gray haze.Using in situ technologies,such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy and single-particle Raman spectroscopy,we systematically investigated the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of gaseous pollutants (i.e.,NO2,SO2,O3,and formaldehyde) on the surfaces of the major components of atmospheric particles such as CaCO3,kaolinite,montmorillonite,NaCl,sea salt,Al2O3,and TiO2.We found that the main reaction products were sulfate,nitrate,or formate,which can change the hygroscopicity and light extinction parameters of those particles significantly.By analyzing the reaction kinetics of these heterogeneous reactions,we identified synergetic mechanisms of the three ternary reaction systems,i.e.,NO2-particlesH2O,SO2-particles-O3,and organics/SO2-particles–UV illumination.These synergetic mechanisms can provide experimental and theoretical bases for understanding the feedback mechanisms and nonlinear processes in the formation of an air pollution complex and gray haze.ZHU Tong,SHANG Jing & ZHAO DeFeng State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China 2011Science China Chemistry2011,54,1:24
11N pollution sources and denitrification in waterbodies in Taihu Lake region显示文摘Herein presented are the researches of the past few years related to characteristics of N pollution of waterbodies and N transport from croplands to the waterbodies in Suzhou and Wuxi regions, the center of the Taihu Lake valley. Based on the types of waterbodies, concentrations ofinorganic N of different forms, concentrations of PO_4^(3-), δ15NH4 values in river and lake waterbodies,the pollution sources of N in the river, lake and well waters are distinguished, and comparisons are made of trend of variation and amplitude of concentration between years, seasons and N pollutants in waterbodies. The increase in N2O concentration in different waterbodies and high δ15NO_3^(-)value in different waterbodies are deemed as an evidence of the existence of denitrification in the river, lake and well waters. Moreover, the role of denitrification in the waterbodies plays in stabilizing chronically concentration of N as pollutant in the waterbodies and mitigating N load in the waterbodies.邢光熹 曹亚澄 施书莲 孙国庆 杜丽娟 朱建国 2001Science China Chemistry2001,44,3:22
12Sorption characteristics and mechanisms of organic contaminant to carbonaceous biosorbents in aqueous solution显示文摘A series of carbonaceous biosorbents was prepared by pyrolyzing pine needles,a model biomass,at various temperatures (100-700℃) under an oxygen-limited condition for 6h. The elemental composi-tions and the specific surface areas (BET-N2) of the biosorbents were analyzed. Sorption properties of 4-nitrotoluene to the biosorbents and their mechanisms were investigated,and then correlated with the structures of the biosorbents. The result shows that with the increase of the pyrolytic temperature,the aromaticity of the carbonaceous biosorbents increases dramatically and the polarity (the (N+O)/C atomic ratio) decreases sharply. Correspondingly,conformations of the organic matter in the biosor-bents transform gradually from a 'soft-state' to a 'hard-state' and the specific surface areas of the resultant biosorbents extend rapidly. The sorption isotherms fit well with the Freundlich equation. The regression parameters (i.e.,N and lgKf) are linearly related to the aromaticity indices (the H/C atomic ratio). Contributions of adsorption and partition to total sorption of the carbonaceous biosorbents are quantified. The adsorption of the carbonaceous biosorbents increases quickly with the increase of the pyrolytic temperature. The saturated adsorption amounts (Qmax) increase linearly with the increase of the specific surface areas (SA) of the biosorbents. For the carbonaceous biosorbents with hard-state carbon,the calculated normalized-Qmax values by SA are comparable to the theoretical estimation (2.45 μmol/m2). In comparison,for the carbonaceous sorbents with soft-state carbon,the calculated nor-malized-Qmax values by SA are much higher than the theoretical estimation. The partition coefficients (Kom) increase with the decrease of the polarity of the biosorbents,reaching a maximum,and then de-crease sharply with further decreasing the polarity,suggesting that partition mechanism be dominated by the compatibility and accessibility of the sorbent medium with organic pollutant. These observations will provide a theoretical and practical reference to design a cost-effective and high-efficient sorbent,and to accurately predict sorption properties and mechanisms of a given sorbent.CHEN BaoLiang ZHOU DanDan ZHU LiZhong SHEN XueYou 2008Science China Chemistry2008,51,5:22
13RECTANGLE: a bit-slice lightweight block cipher suitable for multiple platforms显示文摘In this paper, we propose a new lightweight block cipher named RECTANGLE. The main idea of the design of RECTANGLE is to allow lightweight and fast implementations using bit-slice techniques. RECTANGLE uses an SP-network. The substitution layer consists of 16 4 × 4 S-boxes in parallel. The permutation layer is composed of 3 rotations. As shown in this paper, RECTANGLE offers great performance in both hardware and software environment, which provides enough flexibility for different application scenario. The following are3 main advantages of RECTANGLE. First, RECTANGLE is extremely hardware-friendly. For the 80-bit key version, a one-cycle-per-round parallel implementation only needs 1600 gates for a throughput of 246 Kbits/s at100 k Hz clock and an energy efficiency of 3.0 p J/bit. Second, RECTANGLE achieves a very competitive software speed among the existing lightweight block ciphers due to its bit-slice style. Using 128-bit SSE instructions,a bit-slice implementation of RECTANGLE reaches an average encryption speed of about 3.9 cycles/byte for messages around 3000 bytes. Last but not least, we propose new design criteria for the RECTANGLE S-box.Due to our careful selection of the S-box and the asymmetric design of the permutation layer, RECTANGLE achieves a very good security-performance tradeoff. Our extensive and deep security analysis shows that the highest number of rounds that we can attack, is 18(out of 25).ZHANG WenTao BAO ZhenZhen LIN DongDai Vincent RIJMEN YANG Bo Han Ingrid VERBAUWHEDE 2015Science China Chemistry2015,58,12:22
14New type of spherical pore Al alloy foam with low porosity and high strength显示文摘A computer system for displacement sensor is developed to obtain the real-time curve of the liquid porosity of molten Al alloy foam. The relationship between the curve of Pl-t and the change of the shape of the cells (spherical, similar spherical and polygonal) in the foaming process is analyzed. The changes of cell diameter and cell wall thickness are studied. And the the controlling methods of a new Al alloy foam with spherical pores, low porosity and high strength are developed on this basis. Also, the stress-strain curve during compressive deforma- tion and energy absorption characteristics are investigated and compared with polygonal pore Al alloy foam with high porosity.ZOU Yi HE Deping JIANG Jiaqiao 2004Science China Chemistry2004,47,5:21
15Cooling age of Dabie orogen, China, determined by ^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar and fission track techniques显示文摘Based on 40Ar-39Ar results of hornblendes and biotites and fission track dating results of apatites separated from the same rock samples, cooling history of rocks from Dabie orogen is discussed. Rocks from both Southern Dabie Terrain (SDT) and Northern Dabie Terrain (NDT) have an early fast cooling followed by a more recent slow cooling. Rocks from SDT cooled to about 540℃ at about 190 Ma B.C., while rocks from NDT cooled to about 540℃ at 125 Ma B C. Until about 110-120 Ma B.C., rocks from both SDT and NDT cooled to about 100℃. This suggests that a relative movement among rocks from SDT, NDT and ul-Ira-high pressure metamorphic rocks exis-ts before 110-120 Ma B.C.陈江峰 谢智 刘顺生 李学明 K.A.Foland 1995Science China Chemistry1995,38,6:21
16One-step synthesis of fluorescent hydroxyls-coated carbon dots with hydrothermal reaction and its application to optical sensing of metal ions显示文摘Carbon dots (CDs) with average diameter of 3.1 ± 0.5 nm were facilely synthesized with candle soot through hydrothermal reaction in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. The as-prepared CDs were covered with a lot of hydroxyls, possessed properties of good water-solubility, anti-photobleaching, salt tolerance, and low cytotoxicity, and had a fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of about 5.5%. The fluorescence of the hydroxyls-coated CDs could be selectively quenched by metal ions such as Cr3+, Al3+ and Fe3+, which is because these metals can easily combine with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of CDs and induce aggregation of hydroxyls-coated CDs. Experiments showed that the quenching of Cr3+ had a Sterm-Volmer constant of 1.03 × 107 M-1 with a liner range of 1.0-25.0 μM and detection limit of 60 nM (3σ).LIU LiQin LI YuanFang ZHAN Lei LIU Yue HUANG ChengZhi 2011Science China Chemistry2011,54,8:21
17Removal of nitrate from groundwater by heterotrophic denitrification using the solid carbon source显示文摘Removal of nitrate from groundwater was investigated using biodegradable meal box(BMB) and poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) as carbon source and biofilm carrier.The experimental results show that nitrate in groundwater can be effectively removed using BMB and PCL as carbon source.Denitrification rates supported by BMB and PCL were 52.80 and 42.77 mg(NO3-N)/(m2h),respectively,at 30 ℃ and pH 7.5.The pH value of effluent ranged from 7 to 8,and NO2-N concentration was less than 0.1 mg/L.Compared with BMB,PCL could decrease nitrite accumulation;however,more significant influence of temperature on denitrification was observed for PCL as carbon source.Temperature constants for BMB and PCL were 0.045 and 0.068,respectively,at 10-30℃.Based on denitrification efficiency and cost,BMB is more suitable as a carbon source for denitrification of groundwater than PCL.WANG XuMing WANG JianLong 2009Science China Chemistry2009,52,2:20
18FREQUENT ACTIVITIES OF STRONGER AEROTROUGHS IN EAST ASIA IN WINTERTIME AND THE OCCURRENCE OF THE EI Nino EVENT显示文摘In this paper, some data analyses and theoretical discussion show that there are frequentactivities of stronger aerotroughs (cold surges) in East Asia during the wintertime priorto the occurrence of El Nino, and the disturbance energies acompanied with the stronger coldsurges in East Asia are frequently dispersed southeastward from Siberia to the central westernPacific. The trade winds will be weakened and the convections will be enhanced over theequatorial central western Pacific by the strong cold surges. Then the El Nino event willoccur. A possible important process or mechanism to cause the El Nino event is suggested.李崇银 1989Science China Chemistry1989,32,8:20
19Synthesis of novel nanomaterials and their application in efficient removal of radionuclides显示文摘With the development of nuclear energy, large amounts of radionuclides are inevitably released into the natural environment. It is necessary to eliminate radionuclides from wastewater for the protection of environment. Nanomaterials have been considered as the potential candidates for the effective and selective removal of radionuclides from aqueous solutions under complicated conditions because of their high specific surface area, large amounts of binding sites, abundant functional groups, pore-size controllable and easily surface modification. This review mainly summarized the recent studies for the synthesis, fabrication and surface modification of novel nanomaterials and their applications in the efficient elimination and solidification of radionuclides,and discussed the interaction mechanisms from batch experiments, spectroscopy analysis and theoretical calculations. The sorption capacities with other materials, advantages and disadvantages of different nanomaterials are compared, and at last the perspective of the novel nanomaterials is summarized.Xiangxue Wang Long Chen Lin Wang Qiaohui Fan Duoqiang Pan Jiaxing Li Fangting Chi Yi Xie Shujun Yu Chengliang Xiao Feng Luo Jun Wang Xiaolin Wang Changlun Chen Wangsuo Wu Weiqun Shi Shuao Wang Xiangke Wang 2019Science China Chemistry2019,62,8:20
20Investigation of the effect of berberines alkaloids in Coptis chinensis Franch on Bacillus shigae growthby microcalorimetry显示文摘The inhibitory effects of five berberines alkaloids (BAs) from rhizoma of Coptis chinensis Franch, a traditional Chinese medicinal (TCM) herb, on Bacillus shigae (B. shigae) growth were investigated by microcalorimetry. The power-time curves of B. shigae with and without BAs were acquired; meanwhile, the extent and duration of inhibitory effects on the metabolism were evaluated by growth rate constants (k1, k2), half inhibitory ratio (IC50), maximum heat output (Pmax), and peak time (tp). The values of k1 and k2 of B. shigae in the presence of the five BAs decreased with the increasing concentrations of BAs. Moreover, Pmax was reduced, and the value of tp increased with increasing concentrations of the five drugs. The inhibitory activity varied with different drugs. IC50 of the five BAs was respectively 75 μg/mL for berberine, 90 μg/mL for coptisine, 115 μg/mL for palmatine, 220 μg/mL for epiberberine, and 400 μg/mL for jatrorrhizine. The sequence of antimicrobial activity of the five BAs: berberine > coptisine > palmatine > epiberberine > jatrorrhizine. The functional groups methylenedioxy at C2 and C3 on phenyl ring improve antimicrobial activity more strongly than methoxyl at C2 and C3 on phenyl ring. However, the effect of bacteriostasis is not significant with methylenedioxy or methoxyl at C9 and C10 on phenyl ring.YAN Dan1,2,3, JIN Cheng1, XIAO XiaoHe1 & DONG XiaoPing2 1 Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China 2 Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China 3 Chongqing Institute of Technology, Chongqing 400050, China 2007Science China Chemistry2007,50,5:20
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