| 5 | Biodiversity and belowground interactions mediate community invasion resistance against a tall herb invader显示文摘Aims Species-rich plant communities are hypothesized to be more resistant against plant invasions because they use resources in a more efficient way.However,the relative contributions of aboveground competition and belowground interactions for invasion resistance are still poorly understood.Methods We compared the performance of Knautia arvensis transplants growing in plots differing in plant diversity both under full competition and with shoots of neighbors tied back to determine the relative strength of aboveground competition in suppressing this test invader without the confounding effect of shading.In addition,we assessed the effects of belowground competition and soil-borne pathogens on transplant performance.Important Findings Both aboveground competition and plant species richness strongly and independently affected invader performance.Aboveground biomass,height,leaf mass per area and flowering of transplanted individuals of K.arvensis decreased with increasing species richness of the host community.Species-rich and species-poor communities both imposed equally strong aboveground competition on K.arvensis.However,belowground interactions(especially belowground root competition)had strong negative effects on transplant performance.In addition,the presence of grasses in a plant community further reduced the performance of K.arvensis.Our results suggest that belowground competition can render species-rich host communities more suppressive to newly arriving species,thus enhancing community invasion resistance. | Christoph Scherber Peter NMwangi Martin Schmitz Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Holger Beßler Christof Engels Nico Eisenhauer Varvara DMigunova Stefan Scheu Wolfgang WWeisser Ernst-Detlef Schulze Bernhard Schmid | 2010 | Journal of Plant Ecology2010，3，2： | 0 |
| 6 | Notes for genera:basal clades of Fungi(including Aphelidiomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Caulochytriomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomycota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)显示文摘Compared to the higher fungi(Dikarya),taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number.Thus,the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known.Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information.It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines.Recently,Tedersoo et al.(MycoKeys 13:1–20,2016)accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade.Thus,we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi.We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz.Aphelidiomycota,Basidiobolomycota,Blastocladiomycota,Calcarisporiellomycota,Caulochytriomycota,Chytridiomycota,Entomophthoromycota,Glomeromycota,Kickxellomy-cota,Monoblepharomycota,Mortierellomycota,Mucoromycota,Neocallimastigomycota,Olpidiomycota,Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota.Thus,611 genera in 153 families,43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification,synonyms,life modes,distribution,recent literature and genomic data.Moreover,Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved,Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr.is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced. | Nalin N.Wijayawardene Julia Pawłowska Peter M.Letcher Paul M.Kirk Richard A.Humber Arthur Schüßler Marta Wrzosek Anna Muszewska Alicja Okrasińska Łukasz Istel Aleksandra Gęsiorska Paul Mungai Adebola Azeez Lateef Kunhiraman C.Rajeshkumar Rajshree V.Singh Renate Radek Grit Walther Lysett Wagner Christopher Walker D.Siril A.Wijesundara Moslem Papizadeh Somayeh Dolatabadi Belle D.Shenoy Yuri S.Tokarev Saisamorn Lumyong Kevin D.Hyde | 2018 | Fungal Diversity2018，，5： | 0 |
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