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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Frequent amplification of a chr19q13.41 microRNA polycistron in aggressive primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors显示文摘 | Li M Lee KF Lu Y Clarke I Shih D Eberhart C Collins VP Van Meter T Picard D Zhou L Boutros PC Modena P Liang ML Scherer SW Bouffet E Rutka JT Pomeroy SL Lau CC Taylor MD Gajjar A Dirks PB Hawkins CE Huang A. | 2009 | 中国神经肿瘤杂志2009，7，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Groundwater vulnerability assessment using a composite model combining DRASTIC with extensive agricultural land use in Israels Sharon region显示文摘 | Secunda S Collin M L Melloul A J | 1998 | Journal of Environmental Management1998，54，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Species diversity on-hances ecosystem functioning through interspecific facilitation 显示文摘 | Cardinale B J Palmer M A Collins S L | 2002 | Nature2002，415，6870： | 1 |
| 5 | Do new roles contribute to job satisfaction and retention of staff in nursing and professions allied to medicine显示文摘 | Collins K Jones M L McDonnell A | 2000 | J Nurs Manag2000，8，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Comparative a nalysis of CDla, S-100, CD83, and CD11c human den dritic cells in normal, premalignant, and malignant tis sues显示文摘 | Perez L Shurin M R Collins B | 2005 | Histol Histopathol2005，20，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Caries in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus显示文摘 | Uusitupa M Niskanen L | 1998 | Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Ora Radial Endod1998，85，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Comparing gel permeation chromatography and ultrafiltration for the molecular weight characterization of aquatic organic matter显示文摘 | Collins M R Kuo C J | 1987 | J AWWA1987，79，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Modulation of di- versity by grazing and mowing in native tall-grass prairie显示文摘 | Collins S L Knapp A K Briggs J M | 1998 | Science1998，280，5364： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of non-structural proteins NS1 and NS2 of human respiratory syncytial virus on interferon regulatory factor 3, NFkappaB, and proinflammatory eytokines 显示文摘 | Spann K M Tran K C Collins P L | 2005 | J Virol2005，79，9： | 1 |
| 11 | Identification of attractive components of carob volatiles for the foreign grain beetle,Ahasverus advena(waltl)显示文摘 | Wakefield M E Bryning G P Collins L E | 2005 | J stored prod res2005，41，： | 1 |
| 12 | An evaluation of the Weber classification of ankle fractures显示文摘 | Kennedy J G Johnson S M Collins A L | 1998 | INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED1998，29，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Lipolysis and free fatty acid catabolism in cheese: a review of current knowledge显示文摘 | COLLINS Y F MCSWEENEY P L H WILKINSON M G | 2003 | International Dairy Journal2003，13，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Groundwater vulnerability assessment using a composite model combining DRASTIC with extensive agricultural land use in Isreal's Sharon region显示文摘 | Secunda S Collin M L | 1998 | Journal of Environmental Management1998，54，： | 1 |
| 15 | A practical method for calculating largest Lyapunov exponents from small data sets 显示文摘 | Rosenstein M T Collins J J De L C J | 1993 | Physica D1993，65，： | 1 |
| 16 | Cavity expansionin sands underdrained loading conditions显示文摘 | Collins L F Pender M J | 1992 | Geomech1992，16，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Open top chambers for field studies of crop response to elevated CO2 and temperature显示文摘 | Jones P Collins L M Ingrain K T | 1995 | Transactions of the ASAE1995，38，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Shrub encroachment in North American grasslands: shifts in growth form dominance rapidly alters control of ecosystem carbon inputs显示文摘 | KNAPP A K BRIGGS J M COLLINS S L | 2008 | Global Change Biology2008，14，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Efficacy of patient-controlled versus conventional analgesia for postoperative pain显示文摘 | BOLLISH S J COLLINS C L KIRKING D M | 1985 | Clinical Pharmacy1985，4，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Preserving and evaluating hearts with ex vivo machine perfusion: an avenue to improve early graft performance and expand the donor pool 显示文摘 | Collins M J Moainie S L Griffith B P et ol | 2008 | Eur J Cardiothorac Surg2008，34，2： | 1 |
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