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| 1 | Comparison of two remote sensing models for estimating evapotranspiration: algorithm evaluation and application in seasonally arid ecosystems in South Africa显示文摘Remote sensing tools are becoming increasingly important for providing spatial information on water use by different ecosystems. Despite significant advances in remote sensing based evapotranspiration(ET) models in recent years, important information gaps still exist on the accuracy of the models particularly in arid and semi-arid environments. In this study, we evaluated the Penman-Monteith based MOD16 and the modified Priestley-Taylor(PT-JPL) models at the daily time step against three measured ET datasets. We used data from two summer and one winter rainfall sites in South Africa. One site was dominated by native broad leaf and the other by fine leafed deciduous savanna tree species and C4 grasses. The third site was in the winter rainfall Cape region and had shrubby fynbos vegetation. Actual ET was measured using open-path eddy covariance systems at the summer rainfall sites while a surface energy balance system utilizing the large aperture boundary layer scintillometer was used in the Cape. Model performance varied between sites and between years with the worst estimates(R2<0.50 and RMSE>0.80 mm/d) observed during years with prolonged mid-summer dry spells in the summer rainfall areas. Sensitivity tests on MOD16 showed that the leaf area index, surface conductance and radiation budget parameters had the largest effect on simulated ET. MOD16 ET predictions were improved by:(1) reformulating the emissivity expressions in the net radiation equation;(2) incorporating representative surface conductance values;and(3) including a soil moisture stress function in the transpiration sub-model. Implementing these changes increased the accuracy of MOD16 daily ET predictions at all sites. However, similar adjustments to the PT-JPL model yielded minimal improvements. We conclude that the MOD16 ET model has the potential to accurately predict water use in arid environments provided soil water stress and accurate biome-specific parameters are incorporated. | Sebinasi DZIKITI Nebo Z JOVANOVIC Richard DH BUGAN Abel RAMOELO Nobuhle P MAJOZI Alecia NICKLESS Moses A CHO David C LE MAITRE Zanele NTSHIDI Harrison H PIENAAR | 2019 | Journal of Arid Land2019，11，4： | 4 |
| 2 | Endoscopist's approach to nutrition in the patient with pancreatitis显示文摘Nutritional therapy has an important role in the management of patient with severe acute pancreatitis.This article reviews the endoscopist's approach to manage nutrition in such cases.Enteral feeding has been clearly validated as the preferred route of feeding,and should be started early on admission.Parenteral nutrition should be reserved for patients with contraindications to enteral feeding such as small bowel obstruction.Moreover,nasogastric feeding is safe and as effective as nasojejunal feeding.If a prolonged course of enteral feeding(>30d) is required,endoscopic placement of feeding gastrostomy or jejunostomy tubes should be considered. | Shahzad Iqbal Jay P Babich James H Grendell David M Friedel | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，4，12： | 4 |
| 3 | Isolation of angiopoietin-1,a ligand for the TIE2 receptor,by secretion-trap expression cloning 显示文摘 | David S Aldrich T H Johes P F | 1996 | Cell1996，87，7： | 2 |
| 4 | Transposon mouse models to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of hepatitis B viral induced hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘The major type of human liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), and there are currently many risk factors that contribute to this deadly disease. The majority of HCC occurrences are associated with chronic hepatitis viral infection, and hepatitis B viral(HBV) infection is currently a major health problem in Eastern Asia. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms associated with HBV-induced HCC has been difficult due to the heterogeneity and genetic complexity associated with this disease. A repertoire of animal models has been broadly used to study the pathophysiology and to develop potential treatment regimens for HBVassociated HCC. The use of these animal models has provided valuable genetic information and has been an important contributor to uncovering the factors involved in liver malignant transformation, invasion and metastasis. Recently, transposon-based mouse models are becoming more widely used in liver cancer research to interrogate the genome by forward genetics and also used to validate genes rapidly in a reverse genetic manner. Importantly, these transposon-based rapid reverse genetic mouse models could become crucial in testing potential therapeutic agents before proceeding to clinical trials in human. Therefore, this review will cover the use of transposon-based mouse models toaddress the problems of liver cancer, especially HBVassociated HCC occurrences in Asia. | Amy P Chiu Barbara R Tschida Lilian H Lo Branden S Moriarity Dewi K Rowlands David A Largaespada Vincent W Keng | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，42： | 2 |
| 5 | Axial strain enhances osteotomy repair with a concomitant increase in connexin43 expression显示文摘The mechanical environment is known to influence fracture healing. We speculated that connexin43(Cx43) gap junctions, which impact skeletal homeostasis, fracture healing and the osteogenic response to mechanical load,may play a role in mediating the response of the healing bone to mechanical strain. Here, we used an established rat fracture model, which uses a 2 mm osteotomy gap stabilized by an external fixator, to examine the impact of various cyclical axial loading protocols(2%, 10%, and 30% strain) on osteotomy healing. We examined the presence of Cx43 in the osteotomy-healing environment and assessed how mechanical strain modulates Cx43 expression patterns in the callus. We demonstrated that increased cyclical axial strain results in increased radiographic and histologic bone formation. In addition, we show by immunohistochemistry that Cx43 is abundantly expressed in the healing callus, with the expression most robust in samples exposed to increased cyclical axial strain. These data are consistent with the concept that an increase in Cx43 expression by mechanical load may be part of the mechanisms by which mechanical forces enhances fracture healing. | Rishi R Gupta Hyunchul Kim Yu-Kwan Chan Carla Hebert Leah Gitajn David J Yoo Robert V O’Toole Adam H Hsieh Joseph P Stains | 2015 | Bone Research2015，3，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Classification of remote sensing Images having high spectral resolution显示文摘 | P H Joseph A L David | 1996 | Remote Sensing Environment1996，57，3： | 1 |
| 7 | 4-coumarate:coenzyme a ligase in hybrid poplar: properties of native enzymes,cDNA cloning, and analysis of recombinant enzymcs显示文摘 | SANDRA M A AVIVA P H DAVID A | 1998 | Plant Physiol1998，116，： | 1 |
| 8 | Engineering a simple, efficient code generator generator 显示文摘 | CHRISTOPER W F DAVID R H TODD A P | 1992 | ACM Letters on Programming Languages and Systems1992，1，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Antioxidant assessment of an anthocyanin-enriched blackberry extract显示文摘 | INGRID E CHUN H DAVID G P | 2007 | Food Chemistry2007，101，： | 1 |
| 10 | High-pressure methane and carbon dioxide adsorption on dry and moisture-equilibrated Pennsylvanian coals显示文摘 | Krooss B M van Bergen F Gensterblum Y Siemons N Pagnier H J M David P | 2002 | Int J Coal Geol2002，51，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Importance of atmospherically deposited nitrogen to the annual nitrogen budget of the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina显示文摘 | DAVID W BRAD H HANS P | 2003 | Environment International2003，29，23： | 1 |
| 12 | A Full Scale Structural Pavement Structural Study for Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design 显示文摘 | Angela L P David H T | 2005 | Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologistcs2005，74，： | 1 |
| 13 | Identification of polymorphic outer membrane protein of Chlamydia psittaic 6BC 显示文摘 | Regina J T David L Thomas P H | 2001 | Infect and Immun2001，69，： | 1 |
| 14 | Randomized Trial of Self-expanding Metal Stents Versus Polyethlene Stents for Distal Malignant Biliary Obstruction显示文摘 | Davids P H Groen A K Rauws E A | 1992 | Lancet1992，34，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor from mineralized poly (lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds for tissue engineering显示文摘 | WILLIAM L M MARTIN C P DAVID H | 2000 | Biomaterials2000，21，： | 1 |
| 16 | Electromagnetic properties of impact generated plasma,vapor and debris显示文摘 | David A Crawford A Schultz P H | 1999 | International Journal of Impact Engineering1999，23，： | 1 |
| 17 | Performance of operational radiosonde humidity sensors in direct comparison with a chilled mirror dew-point hygrometer and its climate implication显示文摘 | WANG J H DAVID J C DAVID B P | 2003 | Geophys Res Lett2003，30，10： | 1 |
| 18 | Exponential approximation to compacted sediment porosity prafiles 显示文摘 | DAVID B HUTTON E W H JAMES P M | 2001 | Computers Geosciences2001，27，： | 1 |
| 19 | Spatial and temporal variability in forest growth in the Olympic Mountains, Washington:sensitivity to climatic variability 显示文摘 | Melisa L H David L P | 2006 | Can J For Res2006，36，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Ultrastructure of vitellogenesis incestode(Moniezia expansa)(Cestoda:Cyclophllidea)显示文摘 | LI H Y GERARD P B DAVID W H | 2003 | Acta ZoologicalSinica2003，49，2： | 1 |
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