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| 1 | An alternative,zeaxanthin epoxidase-independent abscisic acid biosynthetic pathway in plants显示文摘Abscisic acid(ABA)is an important carotenoid-derived phytohormone that plays essential roles in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in various physiological and developmental processes.In Arabidopsis,ABA biosynthesis starts with the epoxidation of zeaxanthin by the ABA DEFICIENT 1(ABA1)enzyme,leading to epoxycarotenoids;e.g.,violaxanthin.The oxidative cleavage of 9-cis-epoxycaro-tenoids,a key regulatory step catalyzed by 9-C/S-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE,forms xanthoxin,which is converted in further rea.ctions mediated by ABA DEFICIENT 2(ABA2),ABA DEFICIENT 3(ABA3),and ABSCISIC ALDEHYDE OXIDASE 3(AAO3)into ABA.By combining genetic and biochemical approaches,we unravel here an ABA1-independent ABA biosynthetic pathway starting upstream of zeaxanthin.We iden-tified the carotenoid cleavage products(i.e.,apocarotenoids,β-apo-11-carotenal,9-cis-β-apo-11-carotenal,3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal,and 9-cis-3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal)as intermediates of this ABA1-independent ABA biosynthetic pathway.Using labeled compounds,we showed thatβ-apo-11-carotenal,9-cis-β-apo-11-carotenal,and 3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal are successively converted into 9-cis-3-OH-β-apo-11-carotenal,xanthoxin,and finally into ABA in both Arabidopsis and rice.When applied to Arabidopsis,theseβ-apo-11-carotenoids exert ABA biological functions,such as maintaining seed dormancy and inducing the expression of ABA-responsive genes.Moreover,the transcdptomic analysis revealed a high overlap of differentially expressed genes regulated byβ-apo-11-carotenoids and ABA,suggesting thatβ-apo-11-carot-enoids exert ABA-independent regulatory activities.Taken together,our study identifies a biological function for the common plant metabolites,β-apo-11-carotenoids,extends our knowledge about ABA biosynthesis,and provides new insights into plant apocarotenoid metabolic networks. | Kun-Peng Jia Jianing Mi Shawkat Ali Hajime Ohyanagi Juan C.Moreno Abdugaffor Ablazov Aparna Balakrishna Lamis Berqdar Alessia Fiore Gianfranco Diretto Claudio Martínez Angel R.de Lera Takashi Gojobori Salim Al-Babili | 2022 | Molecular Plant2022，15，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Metabolic engineering of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants显示文摘 | Giovanni Giuliano Raffaela Tavazza Gianfranco Diretto Peter Beyer Mark A. Taylor | 2008 | Trends in Biotechnology2008，，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Improved protocol for Agro- bacterium mediated transformation of tomato and production oftransgenic plants containing carotenoid biosynthetic gene CsZCD 显示文摘 | Qiu D L Diretto G Tavarza R | 2007 | Scientia Horticulturae2007，112，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Metabolic engineering of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants显示文摘 | Giuliano G Tavazza R Diretto G Beyer P Taylor M A | 2008 | Trends in Biotechnology2008，26，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Improved protocol for Agrobacterium mediated transformation of tomato and production of transgenic plants containing carotenoid biosynthetic gene CsZCD 显示文摘 | Qiu D Diretto G Tavarza R | 2007 | Science Hortieuhurae2007，112，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Metabolic engineering of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants显示文摘 | Tavazza R Diretto G | 2008 | Trends Biotechnol2008，26，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Metabolic engineering of potato tuber carotenoids through tuber-specific silencing of lycopene epsilon cyclase显示文摘 | DIRETTO G TAVAZZA R WELSCH R | 2006 | BMC Plant Biol2006，6，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Metabolic Engineering of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Plants显示文摘 | Giuliano G Tavazza R Diretto G | 2008 | Trends Biotechnol2008，26，3： | 1 |
| 9 | The chimeric repressor version of an E thylene Response Factor ( ERF ) family member, Sl‐ ERF .B3 , shows contrasting effects on tomato fruit ripening显示文摘 | Mingchun Liu Gianfranco Diretto Julien Pirrello Jean‐Paul Roustan Zhengguo Li Giovanni Giuliano Farid Regad Mondher Bouzayen | 2014 | New Phytol2014，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Metabolic engineering of potato carotenoid content through tuber-specific overexpression of a bacterial mini-pathway 显示文摘 | Diretto G Tavazza R | 2007 | PLOS ONE2007，2，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Novel carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase catalyzes the first dedicated step in saffron crocin bio- synthesis 显示文摘 | Frusciante S Diretto G Bruno M | 2014 | Proc Natl Aead Sci USA2014，111，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Improved protocol for Agro- bacterium mediated transformation of tomato and production of transgenic plants containing carotenoid biosynthetic gene CsZCD 显示文摘 | Qiu D Diretto G Tavazza R | 2007 | Sci Hortic2007，112，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Novel carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase catalyzes the first dedicated step in saffron crocin bio- synthesis显示文摘 | FRUSCIANTE S DIRETTO G BRUNO M | 2014 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences2014，111，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Metabolic engineering of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants 显示文摘 | Giuliano G Tavazza R Diretto G | 2008 | Trends Biotechnol2008，26，： | 1 |
| 15 | Metabolic engineering of potato carotenoid content through tuber-specific overexpression of a bacterial mini-pathway显示文摘 | Diretto G Al-Babili S Tavazza R | 2007 | PLoS ONE2007，2，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Metabolic engineering of potato carotenoid content through tuber-specific overexpression of a bacterial mini-pathway显示文摘 | Diretto G Al-Babill S Tavazza R | 2007 | Plos One2007，2，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Improved protocol for Agrobacterium mediated transformation of tomato and production of transgenie plants containing carotenoid biosynthetic gene CsZCD 显示文摘 | Qiu D L Diretto G Tavarza R | 2007 | Scientia Horticulturae2007，112，2： | 1 |
| 18 | SUencing ofbeta-carotene hydroxylase increases total carotenoidand beta-carotene levels in potato tubers 显示文摘 | Diretto G WeLsch R Tavazza R | | BMCplant biology0，7，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Metabolic engineeringof carotenoid biosynthesis in plants显示文摘 | Giuliano G Tavazza R Diretto G | 2008 | Trends in Biotechnolo-gyl2008，26，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Metabolic Engineering of Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Plants显示文摘 | Giuliano G Tavazza R Diretto G | 2008 | Trends Biotechnol2008，26，3： | 1 |
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