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| 1 | Management of femoral neck fractures in the young patient: A critical analysis review显示文摘Femoral neck fractures account for nearly half of all hip fractures with the vast majority occurring in elderly patients after simple falls.Currently there may be sufficient evidence to support the routine use of hip replacement surgery for low demand elderly patients in all but non-displaced and valgus impacted femoral neck fractures.However for the physiologically young patients,preservation of the natural hip anatomy and mechanics is a priority in management because of their high functional demands.The biomechanical challenges of femoral neck fixation and the vulnerability of the femoral head blood supply lead to a high incidence of non-union and osteonecrosis of the femoral head after internal fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures.Anatomic reduction and stable internal fixation are essentials in achieving the goals of treatment in this young patient population.Furthermore,other management variables such as surgical timing,the role of capsulotomy and the choice of implant for fixation remaincontroversial.This review will focus both on the demographics and injury profile of the young patient with femoral neck fractures and the current evidence behind the surgical management of these injuries as well as their major secondary complications. | Thierry Pauyo Justin Drager Anthony Albers Edward J Harvey | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 70 |
| 2 | Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis: A case-based review显示文摘Hypertriglyceridemia is an established cause of pancreatitis. In a case-based approach, we present a review of hypertriglyceridemia and how it can cause pancreatitis. We outline how to investigate and manage such patients. A 35 year old man presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and biochemical evidence of acute pancreatitis. There was no history of alcohol consumption and biliary imaging was normal. The only relevant past medical history was that of mild hyperlipidemia, treated with diet alone. Physical exam revealed epigastric tenderness, right lateral rectus palsy, lipemia retinalis, bitemporal hemianopsia and a delay in the relaxation phase of his ankle reflexes. Subsequent laboratory investigation revealed marked hypertriglyceridemia and panhypopituarism. An enhanced CT scan of the head revealed a large suprasellar mass impinging on the optic chiasm and hypothalamus. The patient was treated supportively; thyroid replacement and lipid lowering agents were started. He underwent a successful resection of a craniopharyngioma. Post- operatively, the patient did well on hormone replacement therapy. He has had no further attacks of pancreatitis. This case highlights many of the factors involved in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism. We review the common causes of hypertriglyceridemia and the proposed mechanisms resulting in pancreatitis. The incidence and management of hypertriglyceridemia- induced pancreatitis are also discussed. | S Ian Gan Alun L Edwards Christopher J Symonds Paul L Beck | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，44： | 35 |
| 3 | Meta-analyses on prevalence of selected Parkinson’s nonmotor symptoms before and after diagnosis显示文摘Background:Nonmotor symptoms are common among patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)and some may precede disease diagnosis.Methods:We conducted a meta-analysis on the prevalence of selected nonmotor symptoms before and after PD diagnosis,using random-effect models.We searched PubMed(1965 through October/November 2012)for the following symptoms:hyposmia,constipation,rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder,excessive daytime sleepiness,depression,and anxiety.Eligible studies were publications in English with original data on one or more of these symptoms.Results:The search generated 2,373 non-duplicated publications and 332 met the inclusion criteria,mostly(n=320)on symptoms after PD diagnosis.For all symptoms,the prevalence was substantially higher in PD cases than in controls,each affecting over a third of the patients.Hyposmia was the most prevalent(75.5%in cases vs.19.1%in controls),followed by constipation(50%vs.17.7%),anxiety(39.9%vs.19.1%),rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(37.0%vs.7.0%),depression(36.6%vs.14.9%),and excessive daytime sleepiness(33.9%vs.10.5%).We observed substantial heterogeneities across studies and meta-regression analyses suggested that several factors might have contributed to this.However,the prevalence estimates were fairly robust in several sensitivity analyses.Only 20 studies had data on any symptoms prior to PD diagnosis,but still the analyses revealed higher prevalence in future PD cases than in controls.Conclusion:These symptoms are common among PD patients both before and after diagnosis.Further studies are needed to understand the natural history of nonmotor symptoms in PD and their etiological and clinical implications. | Honglei Chen Edward J Zhao Wen Zhang Yi Lu Rui Liu Xuemei Huang Anna J Ciesielski-Jones Michele A Justice Deborah S Cousins Shyamal Peddada | 2015 | Translational Neurodegeneration2015，4，1： | 18 |
| 4 | 国际糖尿病足工作组:糖尿病足溃疡分类指南——《国际糖尿病足工作组:糖尿病足防治国际指南(2019)》的一部分显示文摘国际糖尿病足工作组(IWGDF)自1999年以来一直以循证为基础发布糖尿病足病的预防和管理指南。本文中针对日常临床工作中糖尿病足溃疡的分类提出了新指南,并对既有的分类进行了综述。新指南只对现患糖尿病足溃疡进行分类,不包括用于定义未来溃疡风险的分类系统。本指南的制定是基于对现有文献的综述以及专家对最大程度影响临床结局的8个关键因素的鉴定。分类级别是根据关键因素的数量、内部和外部有效性验证以及使用意向而制定的。判定分类评分的关键因素有3种:患者相关的因素(终末期肾衰竭)、肢体相关的因素(周围动脉病变和保护性感觉丧失)和溃疡相关的因素(面积、深度、部位、单发或多发以及感染)。特殊分类系统要考虑以下5种临床情况:①卫生专业人员之间交流;②预测单个溃疡预后;③对个案临床决策的辅助;④伤口评估,有感染或无感染及周围动脉病变(评估灌注及血管重建的潜在益处);⑤用于地方、区域或国家人群结局的稽查。指南推荐:①医务人员之间交流使用SINBAD系统。②无适用于预测个体溃疡预后的分类。③感染的评估采用美国传染病学会/国际糖尿病足工作组(IDSA/IWGDF)分类系统。④评估灌注及血管重建的潜在获益使用创面、缺血、足感染(WIfI)系统。⑤人群结局的稽查使用SINBAD系统。 | Matilde Monteiro-Soares David Russell Edward J Boyko William Jeffcoate Joseph L Mills Stephan Morbach Fran Game 无 王爱红(译) 冉兴无(审校) | 2019 | 感染.炎症.修复2019，20，4： | 10 |
| 5 | 半嵌套式PCR检测转几丁质酶基因烟草研究显示文摘用含卡那霉素的培养基首先对转几丁质酶基因烟草种子和烟苗进行初步筛选鉴定 ,再用 Western Blot进一步证实抗卡那霉素的转基因烟苗中外源转几丁质酶基因的表达。然后研究半嵌套式 PCR(Semi- nested PCR)检测转几丁质酶基因烟草植株及其烤后烟叶中的所转目的基因 ;利用限制性内切酶 H ind 对半嵌套式 PCR产物进行酶切 ,从而验证半嵌套式 PCR产物是否为真正的目的基因。研究结果表明 ,半嵌套式 PCR是一种快速。 | 时焦 M Naylor M L Edwards J I Cooper 韩锦峰 | 2002 | 中国烟草学报2002，8，2： | 8 |
| 6 | Murine lung eosinophil activation and chemokine production in allergic airway inflammation显示文摘Eosinophils play important roles in asthma and lung infections.Murine models are widely used for assessing the functional significance and mechanistic basis for eosinophil involvements in these diseases.However,little is known about tissue eosinophils in homeostasis.In addition,little data on eosinophil chemokine production during allergic airway inflammation are available.In this study,the properties and functions of homeostatic and activated eosinophils were compared.Eosinophils from normal tissues expressed costimulation and adhesion molecules B7-1,B7-2 and ICAM-1 for Ag presentation but little major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class II,and were found to be poor stimulators of T-cell proliferation.However,these eosinophils expressed high levels of chemokine mRNA including C10,macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1a,MIP-1c,MIP-2,eotaxin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-5(MCP-5),and produced chemokine proteins.Eosinophil intracellular chemokines decreased rapidly with concomitant surface marker downregulation upon in vitro culturing consistent with piecemeal degranulation.Lung eosinophils from mice with induced allergic airway inflammation exhibited increased chemokines mRNA expression and chemokines protein production and upregulated MHC class II and CD11c expression.They were also found to be the predominant producers of the CCR1 ligands CCL6/C10 and CCL9/MIP-1c in inflamed lungs.Eosinophil production of C10 and MIP-1c correlated with the marked influx of CD11bhigh lung dendritic cells during allergic airway inflammation and the high expression of CCR1 on these dendritic cells(DCs).The study provided baseline information on tissue eosinophils,documented the upregulation of activation markers and chemokine production in activated eosinophils,and indicated that eosinophils were a key chemokine-producing cell type in allergic lung inflammation. | C Edward Rose Jr Joanne A Lannigan Paul Kim James J Lee Shu Man Fu Sun-sang J Sung | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，5： | 6 |
| 7 | Through-needle all-optical ultrasound imaging in vivo: a preclinical swine study显示文摘High-frequency ultrasound imaging can provide exquisite visualizations of tissue to guide minimally invasive procedures.Here,we demonstrate that an all-optical ultrasound transducer,through which light guided by optical fibers is used to generate and receive ultrasound,is suitable for real-time invasive medical imaging in vivo.Broad-bandwidth ultrasound generation was achieved through the photoacoustic excitation of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane composite coating on the distal end of a 300-μm multi-mode optical fiber by a pulsed laser.The interrogation of a high-finesse Fabry–Pérot cavity on a single-mode optical fiber by a wavelength-tunable continuous-wave laser was applied for ultrasound reception.This transducer was integrated within a custom inner transseptal needle(diameter 1.08 mm;length 78 cm)that included a metallic septum to acoustically isolate the two optical fibers.The use of this needle within the beating heart of a pig provided unprecedented realtime views(50 Hz scan rate)of cardiac tissue(depth:2.5 cm;axial resolution:64μm)and revealed the critical anatomical structures required to safely perform a transseptal crossing:the right and left atrial walls,the right atrial appendage,and the limbus fossae ovalis.This new paradigm will allow ultrasound imaging to be integrated into a broad range of minimally invasive devices in different clinical contexts. | Malcolm C Finlay Charles A Mosse Richard J Colchester Sacha Noimark Edward Z Zhang Sebastien Ourselin Paul C Beard Richard J Schilling Ivan P Parkin Ioannis Papakonstantinou Adrien E Desjardins | 2017 | Light(Science & Applications)2017，6，1： | 6 |
| 8 | Fatty liver in hepatitis C patients post-sustained virological response with direct-acting antivirals显示文摘AIM To determine steatosis and fibrosis prevalence in hepatitis C patients after a sustained virological response achieved with direct-acting antivirals.METHODS Transient elastography with controlled attenuation parameter(CAP) was used to assess hepatic steatosis post-sustained virological response(SVR);the CAP technology was not available in the United States at study initiation.Liver stiffness/fibrosis was measured before and 47 wk after treatment completion.Patients with genotype 3 and patients with cirrhosis were excluded.RESULTS One hundred and one patients were included in the study.Post-SVR there were decreases from baseline in alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(63.1 to 17.8 U/L),aspartate aminotransferase(51.8 to 21.5 U/L) and fibrosis score(7.4 to 6.1 k Pa)(P < 0.05).Post-SVR,48 patients(47.5%) had steatosis on CAP;of these,6.25% had advanced fibrosis.Patients with steatosis had higher body mass index(29.0 vs 26.1 kg/m2),glucose(107.8 vs 96.6 mg/d L),ALT(20.4 vs 15.3 mg/d L),CAP score(296.3 vs 212.4 d B/m) and fibrosis score(7.0 vs 5.3 k Pa);P < 0.05.Interestingly,compared to baseline,both patients with and without steatosis had change in fibrosis score post-SVR(7.7 k Pa vs 7.0 k Pa and 7.0 k Pa vs 5.3 k Pa);alternatively,(P < 0.05) and therefore patients with steatosis continued to have clinically significant stiffness(≥ 7 k Pa).CONCLUSION Fatty liver is very common in hepatitis C virus(HCV) patients post-SVR.These patients continue to have elevated mean fibrosis score(≥ 7 k Pa) compared to those without fatty liver;some have advanced fibrosis.Long term follow up is needed to assess steatosis and fibrosis in HCV patients post-SVR. | Mazen Noureddin Micaela M Wong Tsuyoshi Todo Shelly C Lu Arun J Sanyal Edward A Mena | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，11： | 6 |
| 9 | Discovering the roles of subsurface microorganisms: Progress and future of deep biosphere investigation显示文摘The discovery of the marine 'deep biosphere'-microorganisms living deep below the seafloor-is one of the most significant and exciting discoveries since the ocean drilling program began more than 40 years ago. Study of the deep biosphere has become a research frontier and a hot spot both for geological and biological sciences. Here, we introduce the history of the discovery of the deep biosphere, and then we describe the types of environments for life below the seafloor, the energy sources for the living creatures, the diversity of organisms within the deep biosphere, and the new tools and technologies used in this research field. We will highlight several recently completed Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expeditions, which targeted the subseafloor deep biosphere within the crust and sediments. Finally, future research directions and challenges of deep biosphere investigation towards uncovering the roles of subsurface microorganisms will be briefly addressed. | WANG FengPing LU ShuLin ORCUTT Beth N XIE Wei CHEN Ying XIAO Xiang EDWARDS Katrina J | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，4： | 6 |
| 10 | Physical activity after total knee arthroplasty: A critical review显示文摘Total knee arthroplasty(TKA) is the most commonly performed elective surgery in the United States. TKA typically improves functional performance and reduces pain associated with knee osteoarthritis. Little is known about the influence of TKA on overall physical activity levels. Physical activity, defined as 'any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure', confers many health benefits but typically decreases with endstage osteoarthritis. The purpose of this review is to describe the potential benefits(metabolic, functional, and orthopedic) of physical activity to patients undergoing TKA, present results from recent studies aimed to determine the effect of TKA on physical activity, and discuss potential sources of variability and conflicting results for physical activity outcomes. Several studies utilizing self-reported outcomes indicate that patients perceive themselves to be more physically active after TKA than they were before surgery. Accelerometry-based outcomes indicate that physical activity for patients after TKA remains at or below pre-surgical levels. Several different factors likely contributed to these variable results, including the use of different instruments, duration of follow-up, and characteristics of the subjects studied. Comparison to norms, however, suggests that daily physical activity for patients following TKA may fall short of healthy agematched controls. We propose that further study of the relationship between TKA and physical activity needs to be performed using accelerometry-based outcome measures at multiple post-surgical time points. | Roger J Paxton Edward L Melanson Jennifer E Stevens-Lapsley Cory L Christiansen | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，8： | 5 |
| 11 | Overview of the Shenzhen Emergency Medical Service Call Pattern显示文摘BACKGROUND:In Shenzhen,the Emergency Medical Service(EMS) system has been in service since 1997.This study aims to examine the operation of Shenzhen 120 EMS center and to identify the reasons of calling EMS.METHODS:In this retrospective quantitative descriptive study,the data from the Shenzhen 120 EMS registry in 2011 were analyzed.RESULTS:Shenzhen 120 EMS center is a communication command center.When the number of 120 are dialed,it is forwarded to the closest appropriate hospital for ambulance dispatch.In2011,the Shenzhen 120 EMS center received 153 160 ambulance calls,with an average of 420 calls per day.Calling emergency services was mainly due to traffic accidents.Trauma and other acute diseases constituted a majority of ambulance transports.The adult patients aged 15-60 years are the principal users of EMS.There are no recognized 'paramedic' doctors and nurses.The pre-hospital emergency service is under the operation of emergency departments of hospitals.Shenzhen at present does not have specialized pre-hospital training for doctors and nurses in posttrauma management.Moreover,specialized pre-hospital training,financial support,and public health education on proper use of EMS should be emphasized.CONCLUSION:The Shenzhen 120 EMS center has its own epidemiology characteristics.Traumatic injury and traffic accident are the main reasons for calling ambulance service.In-depth study emphasizing the distribution and characteristics of trauma patients is crucial to the future development of EMS. | Shuk Man Lo Yi Min Yu Lap Yip Larry Lee Mi Ling Eliza Wong Sek Ying Chair Edward J Kalinowski Tak Shing Jimmy Chan | 2012 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2012，3，4： | 4 |
| 12 | Rho/Rock signal transduction pathway is required for MSC tenogenic differentiation显示文摘Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)-based treatments have shown promise for improving tendon healing and repair.MSCs have the potential to differentiate into multiple lineages in response to select chemical and physical stimuli, including into tenocytes. Cell elongation and cytoskeletal tension have been shown to be instrumental to the process of MSC differentiation. Previous studies have shown that inhibition of stress fiber formation leads MSCs to default toward an adipogenic lineage, which suggests that stress fibers are required for MSCs to sense the environmental factors that can induce differentiation into tenocytes. As the Rho/ROCK signal transduction pathway plays a critical role in both stress fiber formation and in cell sensation, we examined whether the activation of this pathway was required when inducing MSC tendon differentiation using rope-like silk scaffolds. To accomplish this, we employed a loss-of-function approach by knocking out ROCK,actin and myosin(two other components of the pathway) using the specific inhibitors Y-27632, Latrunculin A and blebbistatin, respectively. We demonstrated that independently disrupting the cytoskeleton and the Rho/ROCK pathway abolished the expression of tendon differentiation markers and led to a loss of spindle morphology. Together, these studies suggest that the tension that is generated by MSC elongation is essential for MSC teno-differentiation and that the Rho/ROCK pathway is a critical mediator of tendon differentiation on rope-like silk scaffolds. | Edward Maharam Miguel Yaport Nathaniel L Villanueva Takintope Akinyibi Damien Laudier Zhiyong He Daniel J Leong Hui B Sun | 2015 | Bone Research2015，3，3： | 4 |
| 13 | 星萼金丝桃的化学成分和抗氧化活性研究显示文摘星萼金丝桃Hypericum stellatum是中国西南地区特有种,也是当地一种重要的民族药用植物。采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析星萼金丝桃的化学成分,初步鉴定了17个化合物,通过DPPH自由基清除法测定抗氧化活性,Folin-Ciocalteu法测定总酚含量,星萼金丝桃乙酸乙酯萃取层显示出较强的抗氧化活性和较高的总酚含量。选定抗氧化活性强和总酚含量较高的乙酸乙酯层进行化学成分研究,利用正相硅胶、Sephedex LH-20、循环制备高效液相等多种色谱手段对地上部位提取物进行分离纯化,通过一维,二维核磁共振波谱数据对所得化合物进行结构鉴定,在该层萃取物中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为槲皮素(Ⅰ),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ),1,3,6,7-四羟基口山酮(Ⅲ),1,3,5,6-四羟基口山酮(Ⅳ),1,3,7-三羟基口山酮(Ⅴ),3,6,7-三羟基-1-甲氧基口山酮(Ⅵ),calycinoxanthon D(Ⅶ),咖啡酸酸乙酯(Ⅷ),绿原酸(Ⅸ),绿原酸乙酯(Ⅹ)。该研究首次报道我国特有植物星萼金丝桃的化学成分和生物活性,初步明确星萼金丝桃清除自由基、抗氧化活性的物质基础。 | 纪圆圆 Adam Negrin Edward J Kennelly 龙春林 | 2018 | 中国中药杂志2018，43，18： | 4 |
| 14 | 外用辣椒素治疗慢性疼痛:系统性综述显示文摘评价局部应用辣椒素治疗神经及肌肉骨骼功能失调引起的慢性疼痛的疗效和安全性。 | Lorna Mason R Andrew Moore Sheena Derry Jayne E Edwards Henry J Mcquay 孙静 | 2004 | 英国医学杂志中文版2004，7，5： | 3 |
| 15 | Recommendations to quantify villous atrophy in video capsule endoscopy images of celiac disease patients显示文摘AIM To quantify the presence of villous atrophy in endoscopic images for improved automation.METHODS There are two main categories of quantitative descriptors helpful to detect villous atrophy:(1) Statistical and(2) Syntactic. Statistical descriptors measure the small intestinal substrate in endoscope-acquired images based on mathematical methods. Texture is the most commonly used statistical descriptor to quantify villous atrophy. Syntactic descriptors comprise a syntax, or set of rules, for analyzing and parsing the substrate into a set of objects with boundaries. The syntax is designed to identify and distinguish three-dimensional structures based on their shape.RESULTS The variance texture statistical descriptor is useful to describe the average variability in image gray level representing villous atrophy, but does not determine the range in variability and the spatial relationships between regions. Improved textural descriptors will incorporate these factors, so that areas with variability gradients and regions that are orientation dependent can be distinguished. The protrusion syntactic descriptor is useful to detect three-dimensional architectural components, but is limited to identifying objects of a certain shape. Improvement in this descriptor will require incorporating flexibility to the prototypical template, so that protrusions of any shape can be detected, measured, and distinguished.CONCLUSION Improved quantitative descriptors of villous atrophy are being developed, which will be useful in detecting subtle, varying patterns of villous atrophy in the small intestinal mucosa of suspected and known celiac disease patients. | Edward J Ciaccio Govind Bhagat Suzanne K Lewis Peter H Green | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，18： | 3 |
| 16 | Tracking domestic ducks:A novel approach for documenting poultry market chains in the context of avian influenza transmission显示文摘Agro-ecological conditions associated with the spread and persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI) are not well understood, but the trade of live poultry is suspected to be a major pathway. Although market chains of live bird trade have been studied through indirect means including interviews and questionnaires, direct methods have not been used to identify movements of individual poultry. To bridge the knowledge gap on quantitative movement and transportation of poultry, we introduced a novel approach for applying telemetry to document domestic duck movements from source farms at Poyang Lake, China. We deployed recently developed transmitters that record Global Positioning System(GPS) locations and send them through the Groupe Spécial Mobile(GSM) cellular telephone system. For the first time, we were able to track individually marked ducks from 3 to 396 km from their origin to other farms, distribution facilities, or live bird markets. Our proof of concept test showed that the use of GPS-GSM transmitters may provide direct, quantitative information to document the movement of poultry and reveal their market chains. Our findings provide an initial indication of the complexity of source-market network connectivity and highlight the great potential for futuretelemetry studies in poultry network analyses. | Chang-Yong Choi John Y Takekawa XIONG Yue LIU Ying Martin Wikelski George Heine Diann J Prosser Scott H Newman John Edwards Fusheng Guo Xiangming Xiao | 2016 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2016，15，7： | 3 |
| 17 | Dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis influenced intestinal health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli显示文摘Background: There is growing evidence to support the beneficial effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials(DFM) on performance, health status, and immune responses of weaned pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSM 25841) on growth performance, diarrhea, gut permeability and immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F-18 Escherichia coli(E. coli).Results: The F18 E. coli infection reduced(P < 0.05) growth performance and intestinal villi height, whereas increased(P < 0.05) diarrhea and transcellular and paracellular permeability in the jejunum compared with non-challenged control. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly enhanced average daily gain of E. coli infected pigs from d 0 to 5 post-inoculation(PI)(P < 0.05) and d 0 to 11 PI(P = 0.058). Supplementation of high dose of Bacillus subtilis reduced(P < 0.05) both transcellular and paracellular permeability on d 5 and d11 PI compared with the E. coli infected pigs fed with control diet. E. coli infection up-regulated(P < 0.05)the m RNA expression of SLC5 A10(soluble carrier family 5 member 10) and MUC2(mucin 2) on d 5 PI, but down-regulated(P < 0.05) expression of SLC5 A10, MUC2, and CLDN1 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa when pigs were fed with the control diet. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly up-regulated(P < 0.05) the m RNA expression of CFTR and ZO1 on d 5 PI and SLC5 A10 and MUC2 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs. In addition, E. coli infection increased(P < 0.05) the m RNA expression of several immune genes(IL1 A, IL1 B, and IL7 on d 5 PI, and IL1 B, IL6, IL7, and TNF on d 11 PI) in the ileal mucosa of weaned pigs. Inclusion of Bacillus subtilis to control diet linearly down-regulated gene expression of IL1 A on d 5 PI(P = 0.07) and IL6 on d 11 PI(P < 0.05) in ileal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs.Conclusions: Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSM 25841) enhanced growth rate and improved gut barrier function of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli. | Kwangwook Kim Yijie He Xia Xiong Amy Ehrlich Xunde Li Helen Raybould Edward R.Atwill Elizabeth A.Maga Jens JΦrgensen Yanhong Liu | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，4： | 3 |
| 18 | Sclerostin activity plays a key role in the negative effect of glucocorticoid signaling on osteoblast function in mice显示文摘Stress during prenatal development is correlated with detrimental cognitive and behavioral outcomes in offspring. However, the long-term impact of prenatal stress(PS) and disrupted glucocorticoid signaling on bone mass and strength is not understood. In contrast, the detrimental effect of lead(Pb) on skeletal health is well documented. As stress and Pb act on common biological targets via glucocorticoid signaling pathways and co-occur in the environment, this study first sought to assess the combined effect of stress and Pb on bone quality in association with alterations in glucocorticoid signaling. Bone parameters were evaluated using microCT, histomorphometry, and strength determination in 8-month-old male mouse offspring subjected to PS on gestational days 16 and 17, lifetime Pb exposure(100 p.p.m. Pb in drinking water), or to both. Pb reduced trabecular bone mass and, when combined with PS, Pb unmasked an exaggerated decrement in bone mass and tensile strength. Next, to characterize a mechanism of glucocorticoid effect on bone, prednisolone was implanted subcutaneously(controlled-release pellet, 5 mg·kg^(-1) per day) in 5-month-old mice that decreased osteoblastic activity and increased sclerostin and leptin levels. Furthermore, the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone alters the anabolic Wnt signaling pathway. The Wnt pathway inhibitor sclerostin has several glucocorticoid response elements, and dexamethasone administration to osteoblastic cells induces sclerostin expression. Dexamethasone treatment of isolated bone marrow cells decreased bone nodule formation, whereas removal of sclerostin protected against this decrement in mineralization.Collectively, these findings suggest that bone loss associated with steroid-induced osteoporosis is a consequence of sclerostin-mediated restriction of Wnt signaling, which may mechanistically facilitate glucocorticoid toxicity in bone. | Eric E Beier Tzong-Jen Sheu Emily A Resseguie Masahiko Takahata Hani A Awad Deborah A Cory-Slechta J Edward Puzas | 2017 | Bone Research2017，5，2： | 3 |
| 19 | Three-dimensional imaging of the uterus:The value of the coronal plane显示文摘Advent in three-dimensional(3D) imaging technology has seen 3D ultrasound establish itself as a useful adjunct complementary to traditional two-dimensional imaging of the female pelvis. This advantage largely arises from its ability to reconstruct the coronal plane of the uterus, which allows further delineation of many gynecological disorders. 3D imaging of the uterus is now the preferred imaging modality for assessing congenital uterine anomalies and intrauterine device localization. Newer indications include the diagnosis of adenomyosis. It can also add invaluable information to delineate other endometrial and myometrial pathology such as fibroids and endometrial polyps. | Lufee Wong Nikki White Jayshree Ramkrishna Edward Araujo Júnior Simon Meagher Fabricio Da Silva Costa | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，12： | 3 |
| 20 | Implementation of a polling protocol for predicting celiac disease in videocapsule analysis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the presence of small intestinal villous atrophy in celiac disease patients from quantitative analysis of videocapsule image sequences.METHODS: Nine celiac patient data with biopsy-proven villous atrophy and seven control patient data lacking villous atrophy were used for analysis. Celiacs had biopsy-proven disease with scores of Marsh Ⅱ-Ⅲ C except in the case of one hemophiliac patient. At four small intestinal levels (duodenal bulb, distal duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), video clips of length 200 frames (100 s) were analyzed. Twenty-four measurements were used for image characterization. These measurements were determined by quantitatively processing the videocapsule images via techniques for texture analysis, motility estimation, volumetric reconstruction using shape-from-shading principles, and image transformation. Each automated measurement method, or automaton, was polled as to whether or not villous atrophy was present in the small intestine, indicating celiac disease. Each automaton's vote was determined based upon an optimized parameter threshold level, with the threshold levels being determined from prior data. A prediction of villous atrophy was made if it received the majority of votes (≥ 13), while no prediction was made for tie votes (12-12). Thus each set of images was classified as being from either a celiac disease patient or from a control patient. RESULTS: Separated by intestinal level, the overall sensitivity of automata polling for predicting villous atrophy and hence celiac disease was 83.9%, while the specificity was 92.9%, and the overall accuracy of automata-based polling was 88.1%. The method of image transformation yielded the highest sensitivity at 93.8%, while the method of texture analysis using subbands had the highest specificity at 76.0%. Similar results of prediction were observed at all four small intestinal locations, but there were more tie votes at location 4 (ileum). Incorrect prediction which reduced sensitivity occurred for two celiac patients with Marsh type Ⅱ pattern, which is characterized by crypt hyperplasia, but normal villous architecture. Pooled from all levels, there was a mean of 14.31 ± 3.28 automaton votes for celiac vs 9.67 ± 3.31 automaton votes for control when celiac patient data was analyzed (P<0.001). Pooled from all levels, there was a mean of 9.71 ± 2.8128 automaton votes for celiac vs 14.32 ± 2.7931 automaton votes for control when control patient data was analyzed (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Automata-based polling may be useful to indicate presence of mucosal atrophy, indicative of celiac disease, across the entire small bowel, though this must be confirmed in a larger patient set. Since the method is quantitative and automated, it can potentially eliminate observer bias and enable the detectionof subtle abnormality in patients lacking a clear diagnosis. Our paradigm was found to be more efficacious at proximal small intestinal locations, which may suggest a greater presence and severity of villous atrophy at proximal as compared with distal locations. | Edward J Ciaccio Christina A Tennyson Govind Bhagat Suzanne K Lewis Peter H Green | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013，5，7： | 3 |
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