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| 1 | Combined functional and anatomical diagnostic endpoints for assessing arteriovenous fistula dysfunction显示文摘Failure of arteriovenous fistulas(AVF) to mature and thrombosis in matured fistulas have been the major causes of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. Stenosis, which occurs due to adverse remodeling in AVFs, is one of the major underlying factors under both scenarios. Early diagnosis of a stenosis in an AVF can provide an opportunity to intervene in a timelymanner for either assisting the maturation process or avoiding the thrombosis. The goal of surveillance strategies was to supplement the clinical evaluation(i.e., physical examination) of the AVF for better and earlier diagnosis of a developing stenosis. Surveillance strategies were mainly based on measurement of functional hemodynamic endpoints, including blood flow(Q a) to the vascular access and venous access pressure(VAP). As the changes in arterial pressure(MAP) affects the level of VAP, the ratio of VAP to MAP(VAPR = VAP/MAP) was used for diagnosis. A Q a < 400-500 m L/min or a VAPR > 0.55 is considered sign of significant stenosis, which requires immediate intervention. However, due to the complex nature of AVFs, the surveillance strategies have failed to consistently detect stenosis under different scenarios. VAPR has been primarily developed to detect outflow stenosis in arteriovenous grafts, and it hasn't been successful in accurate diagnosis of outflow lesions in AVFs. Similarly, AVFs can maintain relatively high blood flow despite the presence of a significant outflow stenosis and thus, Q a has been found to be a better predictor of only inflow lesions. Similar shortcomings have been reported in the detection of functional severity of coronary stenosis using diagnostic endpoints that were based on either flow or pressure. This limitation has been associated with the fact that both pressure and flow change in the presence of a stenosis and thus, hemodynamic diagnostic endpoints that employ only one of these parameters are inherently prone to inaccuracies. Recent attempts have resulted in development of new diagnostic endpoints that can combine the effects of pressure and flow. These new hemodynamic diagnostic endpoints have shown to be better predictors of functional severity of lesions as compared to either flow or pressure based counterparts. In this review article, we discussed the advantages and limitations of current functional and anatomical diagnostic endpoints in AVFs. | Ehsan Rajabi-Jaghargh Rupak K Banerjee | 2015 | World Journal of Nephrology2015，4，1： | 6 |
| 2 | Rumen microbiome composition determined using two nutritional models of subacute ruminal acidosis显示文摘 | Ehsan K Shoucong L Plaizier J C | 2009 | Applied&Environmental Microbiology2009，75，22： | 1 |
| 3 | Min-imally differentiated acute myelogenousleukemia(AML-MO)granulocytic sarcomapresenting in the oral cavity显示文摘 | Amin K Ehsan A McguffHS | 2002 | Oral On-col2002，38，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Integral resonant control for suppression of resonance in piezoelectric micro-actua- tor used in precision servomechanism 显示文摘 | Abdullah A M Ehsan K Charanjit S B | 2013 | Mechatronics2013，23，1： | 1 |
| 5 | An adaptive approach to singular point detection in fingerprint images显示文摘 | Mohammad R R Ehsan P Shohreh K | 2004 | Int J Electron Commun(AEU)2004，58，： | 1 |
| 6 | Cooperative Routing in Static Wireless Networks显示文摘 | Ehsan K A Jinane A Eytan M | 2007 | IEEE Trans on Communications2007，55，11： | 1 |
| 7 | Rumen microbiome composition determined using two nutritional models of subacute ruminal acidosis显示文摘 | EHSAN K LI S C JAN C P | 2009 | Applied Environment Microbiology2009，75，22： | 1 |
| 8 | An assembly decomposition model for subassembly planning considering imperfect inspection to reduce assembly defect rates显示文摘 | Jeonghan K Ehsan N Jeffrey A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | A Mechatronics Approach to Laser Powder Deposition Process显示文摘 | T Ehsan K Amir | 2006 | Mechatronics2006，16，10： | 1 |
| 10 | 3-D Finite Element Modeling of Laser Cladding by Powder Injection: Effects of Laser Pulse Shaping on the Process显示文摘 | T Ehsan K Amir C Steve | 2004 | Optics and Lasers in Engineering2004，41，： | 1 |
| 11 | A meth- od for reserve clearing in disaggregated model considering lost opportunity cost 显示文摘 | AFSHAR K EHSAN M FOTUHI-FIRUZABAD M | 2008 | Electric Power Systems Research2008，78，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Nanocasting synthesis of ultrafine WO3 nanoparticles for gas sensing applications 显示文摘 | Elham K H Ehsan M Cyrus Z | 2010 | Nanoscale Res Lett2010，5，： | 1 |
| 13 | Design and analysis of delaytolerant sensor networks for monitoring and tracking free-roaming animals显示文摘 | Ehsan S Bradford K Brugger M | 2012 | IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications2012，11，3： | 1 |
| 14 | 3--D Finite Element Modeling of Laser Cladding by Powder Injection: Effects of Laser Pulse Shaping on the Process显示文摘 | Ehsan T Amir K Steve C | 2004 | Optics and Lasers in Engineering2004，41，： | 1 |
| 15 | Interaction of Arabidopsis BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 receptor kinase with a homolog of mammalian TGF-beta receptor interacting protein显示文摘 | Ehsan H Ray W K Phinney B | 2005 | Plant Journal2005，43，： | 1 |
| 16 | A laser scanner based measurement system for quantification of citrus tree geometric显示文摘 | Lee K H Ehsan R | 2009 | Applied Engineering in Agriculture2009，25，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Performance analysis of MlMO free-space optical systems in gammagamma fading 显示文摘 | Ehsan Bayaki Robert Schober Mallik Ranjan K | 2009 | IEEE Trans Commun2009，57，11： | 1 |
| 18 | Rapid Synthesis and Characterization of Silicon Substituted Nano Hydroxyapatite Using Microwave Irradiation 显示文摘 | Sanosh K P Ehsan U H Antonio L | 2014 | Current Applied Physics2014，14，： | 1 |
| 19 | Adsorp- tion of acid orange Ⅱ dye by raw and chemically modified brown macroalga Stoechospermum mar- ginatum显示文摘 | Masoud K Ehsan D Mohammad S S | 2012 | Chemical Engineering Journal2012，192，： | 1 |
| 20 | A simplified functional simulation m-odel for three-phase voltage-source inverter using switch function concept显示文摘 | Leeb K Ehsan I M | 2001 | IEEE Trans Ind Electr2001，48，2： | 1 |
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