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| 1 | Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link?显示文摘AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base. METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(1950 to June 2016) was conducted. The keywords 'osteoporosis', 'osteoporotic fracture', 'dementia' and 'Alzheimer's disease'(AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia(predominantly Alzheimer's type) and osteoporosis.RESULTS Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that the most compelling evidence of a common yet independent aetiology lies in the APOE4 allele, which is a well-established risk for AD but also carries an independent association with fracture risk. The mechanism behind this is thought to be the reduced plasma vitamin K levels in individuals exhibiting the APOE4 allele which may be amplified by the nutritional deficiencies associated with dementia, which are known to include vitamins K and D. The vitamin theory postulates that malnutrition and reduced exposure to sunlight in patients with AD leads to vitamin deficiencies. CONCLUSION Robust evidence remains to be produced regarding potential links and regarding the exact aetiology of these diseases and remains relevant given the burden of dementia and osteoporosis in our ageing population. Future research into amyloid beta, APOE4 and vitamins K and D as the most promising aetiological links should be welcomed. | Candice L Downey Adam Young Emily F Burton Simon M Graham Robert J Macfarlane Eva-Maria Tsapakis Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 6 |
| 2 | Posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation:A systematic review of the literature and current aspects of management显示文摘Purpose Posterior fracture-dislocation of shoulder is an infrequent traumatic event;however,most orthopaedic surgeons may face the challenge of treating it.The aim of this study is to review and summarise systematically the current principles of the management of this complex injury,and create a treatment algorithm.Methods Both PubMed and Scopus Databases were systematically searched for the terms“posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation”or“posterior glenohumeral fracture-dislocation”or“posterior glenoid fracture-dislocation”for articles written in English and published in the last decade.Results A total of 900 articles were identified,of which 13 were retained for analysis.A total of 153 patients(161 shoulders)were identified.These patients were treated either with open reduction and internal fixation,modified McLaughlin procedure,allograft/autograft humeral head reconstruction or shoulder arthroplasty.The mean age was 40.15 years.The mean postoperative Constant score in cases treated by open reduction and internal fixation was 86.45,whereas by bone graft was 84.18.Further,the mean postoperative Constant score was between 79.6 and 67.1 in those that were managed by modified McLaughlin and arthroplasty procedure,respectively.Conclusion The management of posterior shoulder fracture-dislocation may be challenging,and the best surgical option depends on many variables such as the chronicity of the injury,the presence of a fracture at the level of the surgical neck or tuberosities and the extend of the Hill-Sachs lesion if any.A treatment algorithm is proposed,based on the current literature in an effort to create a consensus for these injuries.For the acute shoulder fracture-dislocations,an open reduction should be performed.For the chronic fracture/dislocations in the elderly low-demand patients,conservative treatment should be performed.For the rest of the patients,depending on the severity of the Hill-Sachs lesion different surgical options are available such as the McLaughlin technique,the use of an allograft,osteotomy or arthroplasty. | Georgios Paparoidamis Efthymios Iliopoulos AAli Narvani Ofer Levy Eleftherios Tsiridis loannis Polyzois | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2021，24，1： | 3 |
| 3 | The management of periprosthetic femoral fractures around hip replacements显示文摘 | Eleftherios Tsiridis Fares S. Haddad Graham A. Gie | 2003 | Injury2003，，2： | 2 |
| 4 | Clinical results of linezolid in arthroplasty and trauma related infections显示文摘AIM: To analyse the management of patients treated with linezolid for orthopaedic infections.METHODS: Twenty-two patients with orthopaedic related infections receiving a course of linezolid were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were classified into either post trauma, post arthroplasty and non trauma related infections. A diagnosis of infection was based on clinical findings, positive microbiological specimens, and positive signs of infection on radiological imaging and raised inflammatory markers. Pathogens isolated, inflammatory markers both at presentation and at final follow up, length of linezolid treatment, adverse drug reactions, concomitant anti-microbial therapy, length of hospital stay and any surgical interventions were recorded.RESULTS: Infections were classified as post arthroplasty(n = 10), post trauma surgery(n = 8) or nontrauma related infections(n = 4). Twenty patients(91%) underwent surgical intervention as part of their treatment. The number of required surgical procedures ranged from 1 to 6(mean = 2.56). Mean total length of stay per admission was 28.5 d(range 1-160 d). Furthermore, the mean duration of treatment with linezolid of patients who had resolution of symptoms was 31 d(range 10-84 d). All patients within this group were discharged on oral linezolid. Pathogens isolated included methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, coliforms, enterococcus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus viridans, Escherichia coli, group B streptococcus and pseudomonas. An overall 77% of patients demonstrated resolution of infections at follow-up, with mean C-reactive protein reducing from 123 mg/L to 13.2 mg/L.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the use of linezolid offers excellent efficacy in orthopaedic related infections when used alongside appropriate surgical management. | James Joel Simon Matthew Graham Adam Peckham-Cooper Nectarios Korres Helen Tsouchnica Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，2： | 2 |
| 5 | Biomechanical characteristics of bone in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats:An in-vivo randomized controlled experimental study显示文摘AIM: To investigate the in vivo effects of type Ⅰdiabetes on the mechanical strength of tibial bone in a rodent model.METHODS: The biomechanical effect of diabetes on the structural integrity of the tibia in streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats was analysed. Induction of diabetes was achieved by an intra-peritoneal injection and confirmed by measuring serial blood glucose levels(> 150 mg/d L). After 8 wk the tibiae were harvested and compared to a control group. Biomechanical analysis of harvested tibiae was performed using a threepoint bending technique on a servo hydraulic MTS 858 MiniB ionix frame. Maximum force applied to failure(N), stiffness(N × mm) and energy absorbed(N/mm) were recorded and plotted on load displacement curves. A displacement control loading mode of 1 mm/min was selected to simulate quasi-static loading conditions. Measurements from load-displacement curves were directly compared between groups.RESULTS: Fourteen streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats were compared against nineteen non-diabetic controls. An average increase of 155.2 g in body weight was observed in the control group compared with only 5 g in the diabetic group during the experimental study period. Levels of blood glucose increased to 440.25 mg/d L in the diabetic group compared to 116.62 mg/d L in the control group.The biomechanical results demonstrate a highly significant reduction in the maximum load to failure from 69.5 N to 58 N in diabetic group compared to control(P = 0.011). Energy absorption to fracture was reduced from 28.2 N in the control group to 23.5 N in the diabetic group(P = 0.082). No significant differences were observed between the groups for bending stiffness.CONCLUSION: Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rodents reduces the maximum force and energy absorption to failure of bone, suggesting a predisposition for fracture risk. | Nektarios Korres Eleftherios Tsiridis George Pavlou Athanasios Mitsoudis Despina N Perrea Aristedes B Zoumbos | 2013 | World Journal of Orthopedics2013，4，3： | 2 |
| 6 | Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture — A Biomechanical Comparison Between Vancouver Type B1 and B2 Fixation Methods显示文摘 | Mehran Moazen Jonathan H. Mak Lee W. Etchels Zhongmin Jin Ruth K. Wilcox Alison C. Jones Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2014 | The Journal of Arthroplasty2014，，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Periprosthetic fracture fixation of the femur following total hip arthroplasty: A review of biomechanical testing显示文摘 | Mehran Moazen Alison C. Jones Zhongmin Jin Ruth K. Wilcox Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2010 | Clinical Biomechanics2010，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Tragasa Management of perprosthetic patellar fractures Asystematicreview of literatures 显示文摘 | BYRON E CHALIDIS A ELEFTHERIOS TSIRIDIS A | 2007 | Iniury Int J Care In- jured2007，38，： | 1 |
| 9 | Current concepts of molecular aspects of bone healing显示文摘 | Rozalia Dimitriou Eleftherios Tsiridis Peter V. Giannoudis | 2005 | Injury2005，，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Bone substitutes: An update显示文摘 | Peter V. Giannoudis Haralambos Dinopoulos Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2005 | Injury2005，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Risk of osteoporosis and fracture incidence in patients on antipsychotic medication显示文摘 | Simon Matthew Graham Daniel Howgate William Anderson Claire Howes Manolis Heliotis Athanassios Mantalaris Eleftherios Tsiridis Evangelia Tsapakis | 2011 | Expert Opinion on Drug Safety2011，，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Management of periprosthetic patellar fractures显示文摘 | Byron E. Chalidis Eleftherios Tsiridis Adamantios A. Tragas Zois Stavrou Peter V. Giannoudis | 2007 | Injury2007，，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Bone substitutes: An update显示文摘 | Peter V. Giannoudis Haralambos Dinopoulos Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2005 | Injury2005，，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Grafting for periprosthetic femoral fractures: Strut, impaction or femoral replacement显示文摘 | Eleftherios Tsiridis Gavin Spence Zakareya Gamie Mohamed A. El Masry Peter V. Giannoudis | 2007 | Injury2007，，6： | 1 |
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