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| 1 | Recent biological trends in management of fracture non-union显示文摘Bone regeneration is a complex, well-orchestrated physiological process of bone formation, which can be seen during normal fracture healing, and is involved in continuous remodelling throughout adult life. Currently,there is a plethora of different strategies to augment the impaired or 'insufficient' bone-regeneration process, including the 'gold standard' autologous bone graft, free fibula vascularised graft, allograft implantation, and use of growth factors, osteoconductive scaffolds, osteoprogenitor cells and distraction osteogenesis. Improved 'local' strategies in terms of tissue engineering and gene therapy, or even 'systemic' enhancement of bone repair, are under intense investigation, in an effort to overcome the limitations of the current methods, to produce bone-graft substitutes with biomechanical properties that are as identical to normal bone as possible, to accelerate the overall regeneration process, or even to address systemic conditions, such as skeletal disorders and osteoporosis. An improved understanding of the molecular and cellular events that occur during bone repair and remodeling has led to the development of biologic agents that can augment the biological microenvironment and enhance bone repair. Orthobiologics, including stem cells, osteoinductive growth factors, osteoconductive matrices, and anabolic agents, are available clinically for accelerating fracture repair and treatment of compromised bone repair situations like delayed unions and nonunions. A lack of standardized outcome measures for comparison of biologic agents in clinical fracture repair trials, frequent off-label use, and a limited understanding of the biological activity of these agents at the bone repair site have limited their efficacy in clinical applications. | Khaled M Emara Ramy Ahmed Diab Ahmed Khaled Emara | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，8： | 13 |
| 2 | Methods to shorten the duration of an external fixator in the management of tibial infections显示文摘Massive segmental bone loss due to chronic osteomyelitis represents a considerable challenge to orthopedic surgeons and is a limb threatening condition.The only option available in such a clinical situation is segment transport using the Ilizarov technique of distraction osteogenesis;yet the most common problem in cases of bone transport with the Ilizarov technique in massive bone loss,is the long duration of the fixator.In addition to autologous bone grafting,several mechanical,biologic,and external physical treatment modalities may be employed to promote bone formation and maturation during segment transport in osteomyelitis patients.Mechanical approaches include compressive loading of the distraction regenerate,increased frequency of small increments of distraction,and compression-distraction.Intramedullary nailing and hemicorticotomy can reduce the time in external fixation;however,these techniques are associated with technical difficulties and complications.Exogenous application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound or pulsed electromagnetic fields may shorten the duration of external fixation.Other promising modalities include diphosphonates,physician-directed use(off-label use)of bone morphogenetic proteins,and local injection of bone marrow aspirate and platelet gel at the osteotomy site.Well-designed clinical studies are needed to establish safe and effective guidelines for various modalities to enhance new bone formation during distraction osteogenesis after segment transfer. | Khaled M Emara Khaled Abd Al Ghafar Mohamed Ahmed Al Kersh | 2011 | World Journal of Orthopedics2011，2，9： | 4 |
| 3 | Advances and challenges in the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic β cells显示文摘Pluripotent stem cells(PSCs) are able to differentiate into several cell types, including pancreatic β cells. Differentiation of pancreatic β cells depends on certain transcription factors, which function in a coordinated way during pancreas development. The existing protocols for in vitro differentiation produce pancreatic β cells, which are not highly responsive to glucose stimulation except after their transplantation into immune-compromised mice and allowing several weeks for further differentiation to ensure the maturation of these cells in vivo. Thus, although the substantial improvement that has been made for the differentiation of induced PSCs and embryonic stem cells toward pancreatic β cells, several challenges still hindering their full generation. Here, we summarize recent advances in the differentiation of PSCs into pancreatic β cells and discuss the challenges facing their differentiation as well as the different applications of these potential PSC-derived β cells. | Essam M Abdelalim Mohamed M Emara | 2015 | World Journal of Stem Cells2015，7，1： | 2 |
| 4 | The SOX transcription factors as key players in pluripotent stem cells显示文摘 | Abdelalim E M Emara M M Kolatkar P R | 2014 | Stem Cells Dev2014，23，22： | 1 |
| 5 | The polarographic behavior of ketoprofen and assay of its capaules using soectrophotometric and vohammetrie methods显示文摘 | EMARA K M Au A M M ABO-EL MAALI N A E | 1994 | Talanta1994，41，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Angiogenin-induced tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs promote stress-induced stress granule assembly 显示文摘 | Emara M M Ivanov P Hickman T | 2010 | J Biol Chem2010，285，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Angiogenin-induced tRNA fragments inhibit translation initiation 显示文摘 | Ivanov P Emara M M Villen J | 2011 | Mol Cell2011，43，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Hypoxic regulation of cytoglobin and neuroglobin expression in human nor- mal and tumor tissues显示文摘 | Emara M Robert-Turner A Allalunis-Turner J | 2010 | Cancer Cell Int2010，10，： | 1 |
| 9 | Refractive index and thickness determination of thin-films using Lloyd's interferometer显示文摘 | Hamza A A Mabrouk M A Ramadan W A Emara A M | 2003 | Opt Commun2003，225，： | 1 |
| 10 | Botulinum toxin injection for management of temporomandihu- lar joint clicking显示文摘 | EMARA A S FARAMAWEY M I HASSAAN M A | 2013 | Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg2013，42，75： | 1 |
| 11 | Etiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of community-acquired urinary ract infections in a Kuwait hospital 显示文摘 | Dimitrov TS Udo EE Emara M | 2004 | Med Princ Pract2004，13，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Separation of naturally occurring triterpenoidal saponins by capilliary zone electrophresis显示文摘 | Emara S Mohamed K M Masujim A T | 2001 | Biomed Chromatogr2001，15，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Spectrophotometric determination of aldehydes in alcohol显示文摘 | Backheet E Y Emara K M Aakal H F | 1991 | Analyst1991，116，： | 1 |
| 14 | Genetic markers and their application in poultry breeding显示文摘 | Emara M G Kim H | 2003 | Poult Sci2003，82，6： | 1 |
| 15 | The use of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for identification and enumeration of Lactobacillus buchneri in silage显示文摘 | Schmidt R J Emara M G Kung L Jr | 2008 | Journal of Applied Microbiology2008，105，： | 1 |
| 16 | Prediabetes: a must to recognize disease state显示文摘 | Eldin W S Emara M Shoker A | 2008 | Int J Clin Pract2008，62，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Determination of ascorbic acid by iodine 显示文摘 | Emara K M Askal H F | 1991 | Analyst1991，116，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Genetic diversity at the major Histocompatibility complex (B) and Microsatellite loci in three commercial broiler pure lines显示文摘 | Emara M G Kim H Zhu J | 2002 | Poult Sci2002，81，： | 1 |
| 19 | Marine fouling in Suez Canal,Egypt显示文摘 | AHMED M EMARA AISHA A BELAL | 2004 | Aquatic Research2004，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Hypoxic regulation of cytoglobin and neuroglobin expression in human normal and tumor tissues显示文摘 | Emara M Turner AR Allalunis-Turner J | 2010 | Cancer Cell Int2010，10，： | 1 |
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