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| 1 | Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians显示文摘Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem encountered in the emergency department and in the primary care setting. Acute or overt gastrointestinal bleeding is visible in the form of hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Chronic or occult gastrointestinal bleeding is notapparent to the patient and usually presents as positive fecal occult blood or iron deficiency anemia. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is recurrent bleeding when the source remains unidentified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopic evaluation and is usually from the small intestine. Accurate clinical diagnosis is crucial and guides definitive investigations and interventions. This review summarizes the overall diagnostic approach to gastrointestinal bleeding and provides a practical guide for clinicians. | Bong Sik Matthew Kim Bob T Li Alexander Engel Jaswinder S Samra Stephen Clarke Ian D Norton Angela E Li | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，4： | 13 |
| 2 | Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: A state-of-the-art review显示文摘The development of artificial intelligence(AI)has increased dramatically in the last 20 years,with clinical applications progressively being explored for most of the medical specialties.The field of gastroenterology and hepatology,substantially reliant on vast amounts of imaging studies,is not an exception.The clinical applications of AI systems in this field include the identification of premalignant or malignant lesions(e.g.,identification of dysplasia or esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus,pancreatic malignancies),detection of lesions(e.g.,polyp identification and classification,small-bowel bleeding lesion on capsule endoscopy,pancreatic cystic lesions),development of objective scoring systems for risk stratification,predicting disease prognosis or treatment response[e.g.,determining survival in patients post-resection of hepatocellular carcinoma),determining which patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)will benefit from biologic therapy],or evaluation of metrics such as bowel preparation score or quality of endoscopic examination.The objective of this comprehensive review is to analyze the available AI-related studies pertaining to the entirety of the gastrointestinal tract,including the upper,middle and lower tracts;IBD;the hepatobiliary system;and the pancreas,discussing the findings and clinical applications,as well as outlining the current limitations and future directions in this field. | Paul T Kröner Megan ML Engels Benjamin S Glicksberg Kipp W Johnson Obaie Mzaik Jeanin E van Hooft Michael B Wallace Hashem B El-Serag Chayakrit Krittanawong | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，40： | 6 |
| 3 | Characterization of dissolved organic matter in cave and spring waters using UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy 显示文摘 | Birdwell J E Engel A S | 2010 | Organic Geochemistry2010，41，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Low admission Norton scores are associated with falls long after rehabilita tion in elderly with hip fractures 显示文摘 | Halperin E Engel T Sherman S | 2012 | Clin Inter Aging2012，7，8： | 1 |
| 5 | Explaining investment dynamics in US Manufacturing: A generalized (S, s) approach显示文摘 | Caballero R J Engel E M R A | 1999 | Econometrica1999，67，4： | 1 |
| 6 | The influence of diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective cohort study显示文摘 | Woods S E Eppley C Engel A | 2008 | Am Surg2008，74，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Financial accounting information,organizational complexity and corporate governance systems显示文摘 | Bushman R Chen Q Engel E Smith A | 2004 | Journal of Accounting and Economics2004，，37： | 1 |
| 8 | Prevention of pin tract infection in external stainless steel fixator frames using electric current in a goat model显示文摘 | van der Borden AJ Maathuis PG Engels E | 2007 | Biomaterials2007，28，12： | 1 |
| 9 | Breaking Abbe' s diffraction resolution limit in fluorescence microscopy with stimulated emission depletion beams of various shapes 显示文摘 | T A Klar E Engel S W Hell | 2001 | Phys Rev E2001，64，06： | 1 |
| 10 | Dynamic regulation of mucus gel thickness in rat duodenum 显示文摘 | AKIBA Y GUTH PH ENGEL E | 2000 | American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology2000，279，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Interactions between mouse ZP2 glycoprotein and proacrosin;a mechanism for secondary binding of sperm to the zona pellucida during fertilization显示文摘 | Howes E Pascall J C Engel W | 2001 | J Cell Sci2001，114，22： | 1 |
| 12 | Chondroblastoma of the patella with pathological fracture显示文摘 | Rischke B Engels C Pietsch E | 2000 | Unfallchirurgie2000，103，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Tibial plateau fracture-biodegradablebone cement augmentation显示文摘 | Engel T Lill H Komer J e( al | 2003 | Unfallchirurg2003，106，： | 1 |
| 14 | Contextual influences onmobile player experience - A game user experiencemodel显示文摘 | Stephan Engel Lennart E | 2013 | Entertainment Computing2013，，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Registration of crop cultivars显示文摘 | Dickson W K Pepin G W Engel R E | 1980 | Crop Science1980，20，： | 1 |
| 16 | The softening rate of a steel when tempered from different initial structures显示文摘 | ENGEL E H | 1937 | Transactions American Society for Metals1937，27，： | 1 |
| 17 | Differentiation of human gamma-delta T cells towards distinct memory phenotypes 显示文摘 | Eberl M Engel R Beck E | 2002 | Cell Immunol2002，218，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Influence of a chitosan on oral bacterial adhesion and growth in vitro显示文摘 | Busscher HJ Engels E Dijkstra ILl | 2008 | Eur J Oral Sci2008，116，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Geometry of human ribs pertinent to orthopedic chest-wall reconstruction 显示文摘 | MOHR M ABRAMS E ENGEL C | 2007 | J Biomech2007，40，13： | 1 |
| 20 | Safety and tolerability of sitagliptin in clinical studies:a pooled analysis of data from 10246patients with type 2 diabetes显示文摘 | Williams-Herman D Engel S S Round E | 2010 | BMC Endocr Disord2010，10，： | 1 |
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