| 1 | Wheat streak mosaic virus: incidence in field crops, potential reservoir within grass species and uptake in winter wheat cultivars显示文摘Wheat streak mosaic virus(WSMV)has become a re-emerging pathogen in cereal crops in the Czech Republic.WSMV was first reported in the former Czechoslovakia in the early 1980s,and then no record of the virus was documented until 2009.The incidence of the virus was recorded in recent years in several winter wheat fields and many grass species.Here,we surveyed the incidence of WSMV in cereal crops.The results demonstrated the existence of the virus in winter wheat and volunteer wheat during each year of the monitoring period,which spanned from 2013–2016.Although the range of infected samples was low(6.4%of the total tested samples),a high incidence of well-distributed virus was recorded.In at least six fields,the virus reached severe and potentially epidemic levels.In accordance with our previous report detailing WSMV infection of native grasses,we tested several grass species commonly grown in the Czech Republic.We found that some grass species acted as experimental hosts and possible reservoirs of the virus;these included Anthoxanthum odoratum(sweet vernal grass),Arrhenatherum elatius(false oat-grass),Lolium multiflorum(Italian rye-grass),Bromus japonicus(Japanese chess),Echinochloa crus-galli(barnyard grass),Holcus lanatus(meadow soft grass)and Holcus mollis(creeping soft grass).Some of these grass species are also important weeds of cereals,which may be the potential source of WSMV infection in cereal crops.Several widely used winter wheat cultivars were tested in the field after artificial inoculation with WSMV to evaluate virus titre by RT-qPCR.Overall,the tested cultivars had a low virus titre,which is associated with mild disease symptoms and may provide a good level of crop resistance to WSMV. | Jana Chalupniková Jiban Kumar Kundu Khushwant Singh Pavla Bartaková Eva Beoni | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2017，16，3： | 4 |
| 2 | Transgenic plum Prunus domestica L., clone C5(cv. Honey Sweet) for protection against sharka disease显示文摘Sharka caused by Plum pox virus(PPV)is the most harmful disease of stone fruits in Europe and elsewhere in the world.There is no highly PPV resistant cultivar of plum.Biotech approach has led to the development of resistance through genetic engineering.In this study,we evaluated a transgenic plum Prunus domestica L.,clone C5(cv.Honey Sweet),where the PPV resistance is based on RNA interference(RNAi).Resistance in C5 plums has been evaluated for PPV,Prune dwarf virus(PDV),and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus(ACLSV)in a regulated field trial in the Czech Republic for 12 years(2002–2013).Even under high and permanent infection pressure introduced through graft inoculation of the viruses,PPV has been detected in C5 trees only in several leaves situated close to the point of inoculum grafting in the first nine years.Mild symptoms of PPV disappeared year by year.No PPV symptoms were observed in the last three years and results of ELISA detection were negative.Similar results were obtained,when RT-PCR was used for PPV detection.No natural infection of PPV by aphids was recorded in C5 plums,even if PPV infected plants were growing in the same experimental field in close vicinity.Co-infections of PPV with PDV and/or ACLSV had practically no influence on stability of resistance in C5 trees.Twelve years of field testing in the Czech Republic clearly demonstrated the high level of resistance of C5 either to PPV infection by graft inoculation or natural infection through aphid vectors. | Jaroslav Polák Jiban K Kundu Boris Krska Eva Beoni Petr Komínek Jitka Pívalová Jana Jarosová | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2017，16，3： | 1 |
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