| 1 | Overall assessment of antibiotic substitutes for pigs:a set of meta-analyses显示文摘Background:Antibiotic growth promoters are widely used to improve weight gain.However,the abuse of antibiotics can have many negative effects on people.Developing alternatives to antibiotics is an urgent need in livestock production.We aimed to perform a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis(NMA)to investigate the effects of feed additives as potential antibiotic substitutes(ASs)on bacteriostasis,growth performance,intestinal morphology and immunity.Furthermore,the primary,secondary,and tertiary ASs were defined by comparing their results with the results of antibiotics.Results:Among 16,309 identified studies,37 were summarized to study the bacteriostasis effects of feed additives,and 89 were included in the meta-analysis and NMA(10,228 pigs).We summarized 268 associations of 57 interventions with 32 bacteria.The order of bacteriostasis effects was as follows:antimicrobial peptides(AMPs)≈antibiotics>organic acids>plant extracts>oligosaccharides.We detected associations of 11 feed additives and 11 outcomes.Compared with a basal diet,plant extract,AMPs,probiotics,microelements,organic acids,bacteriophages,lysozyme,zymin,and oligosaccharides significantly improved growth performance(P<0.05);organic acids,probiotics,microelements,lysozyme,and AMPs remarkably increased the villus height:crypt depth ratio(V/C)(P<0.05);and plant extracts,zymin,microelements,probiotics,and organic acids notably improved immunity(P<0.05).The optimal AMP,bacteriophage,lysozyme,microelements,oligosaccharides,organic acids,plants,plant extracts,probiotics,and zymin doses were 0.100%,0.150%,0.012%,0.010%,0.050%,0.750%,0.20%,0.040%,0.180%,and 0.100%,respectively.Compared with antibiotics,all investigated feed additives exhibited no significant difference in effects on growth performance,IgG,and diarrhoea index/rate(P>0.05);AMPs and microelements significantly increased V/C(P<0.05);and zymin significantly improved lymphocyte levels(P<0.05).Furthermore,linear weighting sum models were used to comprehensively estimate the overall impact of each feed additive on pig growth and health.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that AMPs and plant extracts can be used as primary ASs for weaned piglets and growing pigs,respectively.Bacteriophages,zymin,plants,probiotics,oligosaccharides,lysozyme,and microelements can be regarded as secondary ASs.Nucleotides and organic acids can be considered as tertiary ASs.Future studies should further assess the alternative effects of combinational feed additives. | Bocheng Xu Jie Fu Luoyi Zhu Zhi Li Mingliang Jin Yizhen Wang | 2021 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2021，12，2： | 9 |
| 2 | Dietary fatty acids in gut health: Absorption, metabolism and function显示文摘In biological responses,fatty acids(FA)are absorbed and metabolized in the form of substrates for energy production.The molecular structures(number of double bonds and chain length)and composition of dietary FA impact digestion,absorption and metabolism,and the biological roles of FA.Recently,increasing evidence indicates that FA are essentially utilized as an energy source and are signaling molecules that exert physiological activity of gut microbiota and immune responses.In addition,FA could serve as natural ligands for orphan G protein-coupled receptors(GPCR),also called free fatty acid receptors(FFAR),which intertwine metabolic and immune systems via multiple mechanisms.The present review explores the recent findings on FA absorption and its impact on gut health,particularly addressing the mechanism by which dietary FA potentially influences intestinal microbiota and epithelial functions.Also,this work attempts to uncover research ideas for devising future strategies for manipulating the composition of dietary FA to regulate gut health and support a normal immune system for metabolic and immune disorders. | E.Xu Chao Chen Jie Fu Luoyi Zhu Junlan Shu Mingliang Jin Yizhen Wang Xin Zong | 2021 | Animal Nutrition2021，，4： | 4 |
| 4 | Analyzing and De-Anonymizing Bitcoin Networks:An IP Matching Method with Clustering and Heuristics显示文摘The anonymity and de-anonymity of blockchain and Bitcoin have always been a hot topic in blockchain related research.Since Bitcoin was created by Nakamoto in 2009,it has,to some extent,deviated from its currency attribute as a trading medium but instead turned into an object for financial investment and operations.In this paper,the power-law distribution that the Bitcoin network obeys is given with mathematical proof,while traditional deanonymous methods such as clustering fail to satisfy it.Therefore,considering the profit-oriented characteristics of Bitcoin traders in such occasion,we put forward a de-anonymous heuristic approach that recognizes and analyzes the behavioral patterns of financial High-Frequency Transactions(HFT),with realtime exchange rate of Bitcoin involved.With heuristic approach used for de-anonymity,algorithm that deals with the adjacency matrix and transition probability matrix are also put forward,which then makes it possible to apply clustering to the IP matching method.Basing on the heuristic approach and additional algorithm for clustering,finally we established the de-anonymous method that matches the activity information of the IP with the transaction records in blockchain.Experiments on IP matching method are applied to the actual data.It turns out that similar behavioral pattern between IP and transaction records are shown,which indicates the superiority of IP matching method. | Teng Long Jiasheng Xu Luoyi Fu Xinbing Wang | 2022 | China Communications2022，19，6： | 1 |
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