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| 1 | Effect of fiber supplementation on the microbiota in critically ill patients显示文摘AIM:To determine tolerance to fiber supplementation of semi-elemental tube feeds in critically ill patients and measure its effect on colonic microbiota and fermentation.METHODS:Thirteen intensive care unit patients receiving jejunal feeding with a semi-elemental diet for predominantly necrotizing pancreatitis were studied.The study was divided into 2 parts:first,short-term (3-9 d)clinical tolerance and colonic fermentation as assessed by fecal short chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentrations and breath hydrogen and methane was measured in response to progressive fiber supplementation increasing from 4 g tid up to normal requirement levels of 8 g tid;second,4 patients with diarrhea were studied for 2-5 wk with maximal supplementation to additionally assess its influence on fecal microbiota quantitated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)of microbial 16S rRNA genes and Human Intestinal Tract Chip(HITChip)microarray analysis.Nearly all patients were receiving antibiotics(10/13)and acid suppressants(11/13)at some stage during the studies.RESULTS:In group 1,tolerance to progressive fiber supplementation was good with breath hydrogen and methane evidence(P=0.008 and P<0.0001,respectively)of increased fermentation with no exacerbation of abdominal symptoms and resolution of diarrhea in 2 of 4 patients.In group 2 before supplementation,fecal microbiota mass and their metabolites,SCFA,were dramatically lower in patients compared to healthy volunteers.From qPCR and HITChip analyses we calculated that there was a 97%reduction in the predominant potential butyrate producers and starch degraders.Following 2-5 wk of fiber supplementation there was a significant increase in fecal SCFA(acetate 28.4±4.1μmol/g to 42.5±3.1μmol/g dry weight,P=0.01;propionate 1.6±0.5 vs 6.22±1.1,P=0.006 and butyrate 2.5±0.6 vs 5.9±1.1,P=0.04)and microbial counts of specific butyrate producers,with resolution of diarrhea in 3 of 4 patients.CONCLUSION:Conventional management of critically ill patients,which includes the use of elemental diets and broad-spectrum antibiotics,was associated with gross suppression of the colonic microbiota and their production of essential colonic fuels,i.e.,SCFA.Our investigations show that fiber supplementation of the feeds has the potential to improve microbiota mass and function,thereby reducing the risks of diarrhea due to dysbiosis. | Stephen JD O'Keefe Junhai Ou James P DeLany Scott Curry Erwin Zoetendal H Rex Gaskins Scott Gunn | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2011，2，6： | 3 |
| 2 | From toxicological problem to therapeutic use: the discovery of the mode of actionof 2-( 2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl )-1, 3- cyclohexanedione (NTBC) , its toxicology and development as a drug显示文摘 | Lock EA Ellis MK Gaskin P | 1998 | J Inherit Metab Dis1998，21，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Opals 显示文摘 | Darmgh P J Gaskin A J Sanders J V | 1976 | Scientific American1976，234，： | 1 |
| 4 | Repeated compressive loading of Leda clay显示文摘 | RAYMOND G P GASKIN P N ADDO-ABEDI F Y | 1979 | Canadian Geotechnical Journal1979，16，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Mycotic pneumonia in mariculture reared green turtles显示文摘 | Jacobson E R Gaskin J M Shields R P | 1979 | Am Vet Med Assoc1979，175，： | 1 |
| 6 | Improved respiratory prognosis in patients with cystic fibrosis with normal fat absorption显示文摘 | Gaskin K Gurwitz D Durie P | 1982 | J Pediatr1982，100，16： | 1 |
| 7 | The effects of birth weight and postnatal linear growth retardation on blood pressure at age 11 - 12 years 显示文摘 | Walker SP Gaskin P Powell CA | 2001 | J Epidemiol Community Health2001，55，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Opals显示文摘 | Gaskin A S Sanders J V | 1976 | Scientific Americans1976，234，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Opals显示文摘 | Darragh P J Gaskin A S Sanders J V | 1976 | Scientific Americans1976，，234： | 1 |
| 10 | Gibberellins in developing fruits of Pisumsativum L cv Alaska: Studies on their rote in pod growth and seed development 显示文摘 | Garcia-Martinez J L Spoinsel V M Gaskin P | 1987 | Planta1987，170，： | 1 |
| 11 | Effect of fines content on the frost susceptibility of a crushed limestone显示文摘 | Tester R Gaskin P | 1996 | Canadian Geotechnical Journal1996，33，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Aggregate and disaggregate sector forecasting using consumer confidencemeasures显示文摘 | Kumar V Robert R P Leone Jone J N Gaskins | 1995 | International Journal of Forecasting1995，11，： | 1 |
| 13 | Aggregate and disaggregate sector forecasting using consumer confidence measures显示文摘 | Kumar V Robert R P Leone John J N Gaskins | 1995 | International Journal of Forecasting1995，11，： | 1 |
| 14 | Repeated compressive loading fo a sand 显示文摘 | Gaskin P N Raymond G P Addo-Abedi F Y | 1979 | Canadian Geotechnical Journal1979，16，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Long-term biosolids application effects on metal concentrations in soil and bermudagrass forage显示文摘 | Gaskin J W Brobst R B Miller W P | 2003 | J Environ Qual2003，32，： | 1 |
| 16 | Repeated Compressive Loading of a Sand显示文摘 | Gaskin P N Raymond G P Addo-Abedi F Y | 1979 | Canadian Geotechnical Journal1979，16，： | 1 |
| 17 | Repeated Compressive Loading of Leda Clay显示文摘 | Raymond G P Gaskin P N Addo-Abedi F Y | 1979 | Canadian Geotechnical Journal1979，114，1： | 1 |
| 18 | The dominant non-gibberellin-responding dwarf mutant(D8)of maize accumulates native gibberellins显示文摘 | Fujioka S YamaneH Spray C R KatsumitM Phinney B O Gaskin P Macmillan J Takahashi N | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | The dwarf-1 dlmutant of Zea mays blocks three steps in the gibberellin-biosynthetic pathway显示文摘 | Spray R C Kobayashi M Suzuki Y Phinney O B Gaskin P MacMillan J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Respiratory syncytial virus detection by remel xpect, binax now RSV, direct immunofluorescent staining, and tissue culture 显示文摘 | BOREK A P CLEMENS S H GASKINS V K | 2006 | J Clin Micro- biol2006，44，3： | 1 |
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