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| 1 | Machine learning in orthopaedic surgery显示文摘Artificial intelligence and machine learning in orthopaedic surgery has gained mass interest over the last decade or so.In prior studies,researchers have demonstrated that machine learning in orthopaedics can be used for different applications such as fracture detection,bone tumor diagnosis,detecting hip implant mechanical loosening,and grading osteoarthritis.As time goes on,the utility of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms,such as deep learning,continues to grow and expand in orthopaedic surgery.The purpose of this review is to provide an understanding of the concepts of machine learning and a background of current and future orthopaedic applications of machine learning in risk assessment,outcomes assessment,imaging,and basic science fields.In most cases,machine learning has proven to be just as effective,if not more effective,than prior methods such as logistic regression in assessment and prediction.With the help of deep learning algorithms,such as artificial neural networks and convolutional neural networks,artificial intelligence in orthopaedics has been able to improve diagnostic accuracy and speed,flag the most critical and urgent patients for immediate attention,reduce the amount of human error,reduce the strain on medical professionals,and improve care.Because machine learning has shown diagnostic and prognostic uses in orthopaedic surgery,physicians should continue to research these techniques and be trained to use these methods effectively in order to improve orthopaedic treatment. | Simon P Lalehzarian Anirudh K Gowd Joseph N Liu | 2021 | World Journal of Orthopedics2021，12，9： | 4 |
| 2 | Assessment of heavily metal contamination in soils at Jajmau (Kanpur) and Unnao industrial areas of the Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India显示文摘 | Gowd S S Reddy R M Govil P K | 2010 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2010，174，13： | 1 |
| 3 | Central line associated blood stream infection related to cooling catheter in cardiac arrest survivors undergoing thera- peutic hypothermia by endovascular cooling显示文摘 | PATEL N NAIR S U GOWD P | 2013 | Conn Med2013，77，： | 1 |
| 4 | Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils at Jajmau (Kanpur) and Unnao Industrial Areas of the Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India 显示文摘 | Gowd S S Reddy M R Govil P K | 2010 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2010，174，13： | 1 |
| 5 | Assessment of heavily metalcontamination in soils at Jajmau(Kanpur)and Unnao industrial areasof the Ganga Plain,Uttar Pradesh,India显示文摘 | GOWD S S REDDY R M GOVIL P K | 2010 | Journal of HazardousMaterials2010，174，： | 1 |
| 6 | Assessmentof heavy metal contamination in soils at Jajmau (Kanpur) and Unnao in- dustrial areas of the Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India显示文摘 | Srinivasa Gowd S Ramakrishna Reddy M Govil P K | 2010 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2010，174，13： | 1 |
| 7 | Assessment of heavy metal cen- taminatien in soils at Jajmau (Kanpur) and Unnao industrial areas of the Ganga Plain, Uttar Pradesh, India 显示文摘 | Gowd S S Reddy M R Govil P K | 2010 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2010，174，： | 1 |
| 8 | De novo sequencing and disulfide mapping of a bromotryptophan-containing conotoxin by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry显示文摘 | NAIR S S NILSSON C L EMMETT M R SCHAUB T M GOWD K H THAKUR S S KRISHNAN K S BALARAM P MARSHALL A G | 2006 | Anal Chem2006，78，23： | 1 |
| 9 | Fragility of statistically significant findings from randomized clinical trials of surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures:A systematic review显示文摘BACKGROUND Despite recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials(RCTs),there remains no consensus regarding the preferred surgical treatment for humeral shaft fractures.The fragility index(FI)is an emerging tool used to evaluate the robustness of RCTs by quantifying the number of participants in a study group that would need to switch outcomes in order to reverse the study conclusions.AIM To investigate the fragility index of randomized control trials assessing outcomes of operative fixation in proximal humerus fractures.METHODS We completed a systematic review of RCTs evaluating the surgical treatment of humeral shaft fractures.Inclusion criteria included:articles published in English;patients randomized and allotted in 1:1 ratio to 2 parallel arms;and dichotomous outcome variables.The FI was calculated for total complications,each complication individually,and secondary surgeries using the Fisher exact test,as previously published.RESULTS Fifteen RCTs were included in the analysis comparing open reduction plate osteosynthesis with dynamic compression plate or locking compression plate,intramedullary nail,and minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis.The median FI was 0 for all parameters analyzed.Regarding individual outcomes,the FI was 0 for 81/91(89%)of outcomes.The FI exceeded the number lost to follow up in only 2/91(2%)outcomes.CONCLUSION The FI shows that data from RCTs regarding operative treatment of humeral shaft fractures are fragile and does not demonstrate superiority of any particular surgical technique. | Stephen Craig Morris Anirudh K Gowd Avinesh Agarwalla Wesley P Phipatanakul Nirav H Amin Joseph N Liu | 2022 | World Journal of Orthopedics2022，13，9： | 0 |
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