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| 1 | Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review显示文摘To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials(DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes(i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi(ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe' status for ruminants. | Anil K Puniya Abdelfattah Z M Salem Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Gareth W Griffith Monica Puniya Sreenivas R Ravella Nikhil Kumar Tejpal Dhewa Ravinder Kumar | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 17 |
| 2 | Effect of pulsed electric filed on the inactivation of micro organisms in grape juices with and without antimicrobials 显示文摘 | Wu Y Mittal G S Griffiths M W | 2005 | Biosystems Engineering2005，90，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Soft microbial community structure : effect of substrate loading rates显示文摘 | Griffiths B S Ritz K Ebble W N | 1999 | Soil Biology Biochemis- try1999，31，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Extended block replacement policy with shock models and used items显示文摘 | Sheu S H Griffith W S | 2002 | European Journal of Operational Research2002，140，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Publichealth risks of melamine in milk products 显示文摘 | CHAN E Y GRIFFITHS S M CHAN C W | 2008 | Lancet Infectious Diseases2008，372，： | 1 |
| 6 | Assessment of a multi-species in-situ FTIR for precise atmospheric greenhouse gas observations 显示文摘 | Hammer S Griffith D W T Konrad G | 2012 | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions2012，5，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Testing geneticaLLy engineered potato producing the Lectins GNA and ConA on non-target soiL organims and proceecs显示文摘 | Griffiths B S Geoghegan I E Robertson W M | 2000 | JappL EcoL2000，37，： | 1 |
| 8 | Modeling electrodeposition for LIGA microdevices fabrication显示文摘 | GRIFFITHS S K NILSON R H BRADSHAW R W | 1998 | Microsystems Technologies1998，4，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Osteoblast response to PLGA tissue engineering scaffolds with PEO modified surface chemistries and demonstration of patterned cell response显示文摘 | Koegler W S Griffith L G | 2004 | Biomateris2004，25，14： | 1 |
| 10 | A secondary structure motif predictive of protein localization to the chlamydial inclusion membrane显示文摘 | Bannantine J P Griffiths R S Viratyosin W | 1999 | Cell Microbil1999，2，： | 1 |
| 11 | Extended optimal replacement model with random minimal repair costs 显示文摘 | Sheu S H Griffith W S Nakagawa T | 1995 | European Journal of Operational Research1995，85，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Shear strength of steel plate girders显示文摘 | DAVIES A W GRIFFITH D S C | 1999 | Proc Instn Civ Engrs Structs & Bldgs1999，134，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Quorum sensing and expression of virulence in Escherichia coli O157 ∶H7显示文摘 | Anand S K Griffiths M W | 2003 | Int J Food Microbiol2003，85，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Nitrate-nitrogen,land use/land cover,and soil drainage associations at multiple spatial scales显示文摘 | Floyd W C Schoenholtz S H Griffith S M | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Quality2009，38，14： | 1 |
| 15 | Patterns of host use by the shoot-borer Hypsipyla robusta (Pyralidae:Lepidoptera) comparing five Meliaceae tree species in Asia and Australia显示文摘 | Cunningham S A Floyd R B Griffiths M W | 2005 | Forest Ecology and Management2005，205，： | 1 |
| 16 | Steady evaporating flow in rectangular microchannels显示文摘 | Nilson R H Tchikanda S W Griffiths S K | 2006 | International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer2006，49，910： | 1 |
| 17 | A secondary structure motify predictive of protein localization to the chlamydia inclusion membrane显示文摘 | Bannantine J P Griffiths R S Viratyosin W | 1999 | Cellular Microbilogy1999，2，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effect of pulsed electric field on the inactivation of microorganisms in grape juices with and without antimicrobials显示文摘 | WU Y M ITTAL G S GRIFFITHS M W | 2005 | Biosystems Engineering2005，90，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Extended optimal re- placement model with random minimal repair costs 显示文摘 | SHEU S GRIFFITH W S NAKAGAWA T | 1995 | European Journal of Operational Researeh1995，85，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Race comparisons of Heterodera glycines using crossed immunoelectrophoresis显示文摘 | Griffith T W Koehler N J Coker S G | 1982 | Journal of Nematology1982，14，： | 1 |
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