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| 1 | Maturity Assessment of the Lower Cambrian and Sinian Shales Using Multiple Technical Approaches显示文摘The Lower Cambrian Niutitang and Sinian Doushantuo shales are the most important and widespread source rocks and target layers in South China. Reliable data of the thermal maturity of organic matter(OM) is widely used to assess hydrocarbon generation and is a key property used in determining the viability and hydrocarbon potential of these new shales. Nevertheless, traditional thermal maturity indicators are no longer suited to the vitrinite-lack marine shales. This study aims to combine high throughput Raman and infrared spectroscopy analysis to confirm and validate the thermal maturity in comparison with the bitumen reflectance(R_(b)). Raman parameters such as the differences between the positions of the two bands(V_(G)–V_(D)) are strong parameters for calculating the thermal maturity in a large vitrinite reflectance(R_(o)) ranging from 1.60% to 3.80%. The infrared spectroscopy analysis indicates that the aromatic C=C bands and CH_(2)/CH_(3) aliphatic groups both are closely correlated with thermal maturity. The calculated R_(o) results from Raman and infrared spectroscopy are in strong coincidence with the R_(b). The relationships between R_(b) and pore volumes/surface areas(calculated from N_(2) adsorption) indicate that the sample with R_(b) of 3.40% has the lowest pore volumes and surface areas. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM) observations of OM pores indicate that R_(o) of approximately 3.60% may be an upper limit for OM porosity development. Obviously, kerogen Raman and infrared spectroscopy can indicate methods for reducing the risk in assessing maturity with practical, low-cost accurate results. Exploration of shale gas in the high maturity(>3.40%–3.60%) region carries huge risks. | Wei Yang Sheng He Gangyi Zhai Ze Tao Xiaoqing Yuan Sile Wei | 2021 | Journal of Earth Science2021，32，5： | 0 |
| 2 | Characteristics and controlling factors of shale gas reservoir in the Fuling area,Sichuan Basin显示文摘Statistical analysis of massive laboratory analytical data shows that for intervals in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Fuling area,Sichuan Basin,the total organic carbon content is 0.55%-5.89%with an average of 2.54%,presenting a gradual increase trend from top to bottom.Based on whole-rock X-ray diffraction data,the content of clay minerals of the shale is 16.6%-62.8%with an average of 40.9%,gradually decreasing from top to bottom.The content of brittle minerals gradually increases from top to bottom,ranging from 37.2%to 83.4%with an average of 59.1%.Porosity is 1.17%-7.98%with an average of 4.61%through the helium injection method.The horizontal permeability is 0.002-335.209 mD with an average of 23.785 mD by the steady-state method.Massive analytical data from the high-pressure mercury injection method show the micropores are well developed in the shale,and mainly provide the primary specific surface area of pores,while the micropores,transitional pores and mesopores primarily contribute to permeability.The pore types were observed using SEM in combination with argon ion polishing technology.From top to bottom of the shale interval,the organic pores increase and the inorganic pores decrease.Gas desorption data show that the total gas content is 0.44-5.19 m^(3)/t with an average of 1.97 m^(3)/t,and gradually increase from top to bottom of the shale interval.The development of marine shale gas reservoir in Well A is controlled by mineral compositions,the development characteristics of organic matter.TOC is not only a major intrinsic factor controlling the lower reservoir interval,but also an important material to provide the reservoir space for the shale gas.In the late diagenetic stage,the clay mineral assemblages changed from montmorillonite to illite,forming new micropores and leading to an increase of the porosity and great influences on the upper reservoir interval.The content of brittle minerals is more than 50%,facilitating formation of fractures,and the permeability performance can be enhanced significantly.In general,the Wufeng Formation and the bottom interval of the Longmaxi Formation are both high-quality reservoirs and primary pay intervals. | Xiaoming Zhang Wanzhong Shi Gangyi Zhai Qinghai Xu Ren Wang Zhuang Xu Jian Wang Chao Wang Qi Yuan | 2017 | Petroleum Research2017，2，1： | 0 |
| 3 | Geographical differences of leaf traits of the endangered plant Litsea coreana Levl.var.sinensis and its relationship with climate显示文摘Seventeen morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves were selected from five natural populations to explore the variation in leaf traits of Lits ea core ana var.sinensis and the effects of geographical environment on these variations.Nested analysis of variance,multiple comparisons,principal component analysis(PCA),and correlation analysis were conducted to explore the variations within and between populations and their correlation with geographical and climatic factors.Significant differences in the 17 leaf traits were observed within and among populations.On average,the relative contribution of within population variation to total variation was 24.8%,which was lower than among population variation(54.6%).The average differentiation coefficient of the traits was 65.8%,and the average coefficient of variation 11.8%,ranging from6.7%for main vein thickness to 21.4%for petiole length.The PC A results showed that morphological characteristics were divided into two categories,and the level of variation was greater than that of leaf anatomy.Most of the leaf traits were significantly correlated with geography and climate and showed a gradual variation with longitude,latitude,and altitude.In areas with high temperatures,less rainfall,and strong seasonal rainfall,the leaves are larger,longer and thicker.This study shows that variations in leaf traits of L.coreana var.sinensis mainly come from variations among populations.The level of trait differentiation among populations is high and the level of variation within populations low.These findings help further understand leaf morphological characteristics of this species and can provide a valuable reference for the protection and sustainable utilization of this natural resource. | Gangyi Yuan Qiqiang Guo Yaqin Zhang Qin Gui Na Xie Siqiong Luo | 2023 | Journal of Forestry Research2023，34，1： | 0 |
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