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| 1 | Psychosocial mechanisms for the transmission of somatic symptoms from parents to children显示文摘AIM: To examine familial aggregation of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) via parental reinforcement/modeling of symptoms, coping, psychological distress, and exposure to stress.METHODS:Mothers of children between the ages of8 and 15 years with and without IBS were identified through the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.Mothers completed questionnaires,including the Child Behavior Checklist(child psychological distress),the Family Inventory of Life Events(family exposure to stress),SCL-90R(mother psychological distress),and the Pain Response Inventory(beliefs about pain).Children were interviewed separately from their parents and completed the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire(beliefs about pain),Pain Response Inventory(coping)and Child Symptom Checklist[gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms].In addition,health care utilization data was obtained from the automated database of Group Health Cooperative.Mothers with IBS(n=207)and their 296 children were compared to 240 control mothers and their 335 children,while controlling for age and education.RESULTS:Hypothesis 1:reinforcement of expression of GI problems is only related to GI symptoms,but not others(cold symptoms)in children.There was no significant correlation between parental reinforcement of symptoms and child expression of GI or other symptoms.Hypothesis 2:modeling of GI symptomsis related to GI but not non-GI symptom reporting in children.Children of parents with IBS reported more non-GI(8.97 vs 6.70,P<0.01)as well as more GI(3.24 vs 2.27,P<0.01)symptoms.Total health care visits made by the mother correlated with visits made by the child(rho=0.35,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.26,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 3:children learn to share the methods of coping with illness that their mothers exhibit.Methods used by children to cope with stomachaches differed from methods used by their mothers.Only 2/16 scales showed weak but significant correlations(stoicism rho=0.13,P<0.05;acceptance rho=0.13,P<0.05).Hypothesis 4:mothers and children share psychological traits such as anxiety,depression,and somatization.Child psychological distress correlated with mother’s psychological distress(rho=0.41,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.38,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 5:stress that affects the whole family might explain the similarities between mothers and their children.Family exposure to stress was not a significant predictor of children’s symptom reports.Hypothesis 6:the intergenerational transmission of GI illness behavior may be due to multiple mechanisms.Regression analysis identified multiple independent predictors of the child’s GI complaints,which were similar to the predictors of the child’s non-GI symptoms(mother’s IBS status,child psychological symptoms,child catastrophizing,and child age).CONCLUSION:Multiple factors influence the reporting of children’s gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms.The clustering of illness within families is best understood using a model that incorporates all these factors. | Miranda AL van Tilburg Rona L Levy Lynn S Walker Michael Von Korff Lauren D Feld Michelle Garner Andrew D Feld William E Whitehead | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，18： | 2 |
| 2 | Natural variations in the abundance ratio and the atomic weight of copper显示文摘 | Shield W R Goldich S S Garner E L | 1965 | J Geophys Res1965，70，： | 1 |
| 3 | The extent and impact of sheep pox and goat pox in the state of Maharashtra,India显示文摘 | GARNER M SAWARKAR S D BRETT E K | 2000 | Trop Anlm Health Prod2000，32，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Op- timization of pyrrolamide topoisomerase I1 inhibitors toward identification of an antibacterial clinical can- didate ( AZD5099 ) 显示文摘 | BASARAB G S HILL P J GARNER C E | 2014 | J Med Chem2014，57，14： | 1 |
| 5 | The role of artificial intelligence in knowledge management显示文摘 | TSUI E GARNER B S STAA B S | 2000 | Knowledge-Based Systems2000，13，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Wavelet analysis of sodium iodide spectra显示文摘 | Sullivan C J Martinez M E Garner S E | 2005 | Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record2005，1，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Physical map location of the Rps1-kallele in soybean显示文摘 | GARNER M E HYMOWITZ T XU S J HARTMAN G L | 2001 | Crop Sci2001，41，： | 1 |
| 8 | Natural variations in the abundance ratio and the atomic weight of copper显示文摘 | Shields W R Goldich S S Garner E L | 1965 | J Geophys Res1965，70，： | 1 |
| 9 | A denosquamous histology predicts poor out come in lowrisk Stage Ib1 cervical adenocarcinoma 显示文摘 | Lea J S Coleman R L Garner E O | 2003 | Gynecol Oncol2003，91，3： | 1 |
| 10 | The extent and impaOct of sheep pox and goat pox in the state of Maharashtra,India显示文摘 | Garner M G Sawarkar S D Brett E K | 2000 | Trop Anim Health Prod2000，32，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Natural varia tions in the abundance ratio and the atomic weight of copper 显示文摘 | Shields W R Goldich S S Garner E L | 1965 | Journal of Geophysical Research1965，70，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for 1-bromopropane in f344 rats using gas uptake inhalation experiments显示文摘 | GARNER C E LIANG S YIN L | 2015 | Toxicol Sci2015，45，1： | 1 |
| 13 | The extent and impact of sheep pox and goat pox in the state of Maharashtra 显示文摘 | Garner M G Sawarkar S D Brett E K | 2000 | Trop Anim Health Prod2000，32，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Metabolism and disposition of 1-bromopropane in rats and mice following inhalation or intravenous administration 显示文摘 | GARNER C E SUMNER S C DAVIS J G | 2006 | Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2006，215，1： | 1 |
| 15 | CYP2E1-catalyzed oxidation contributes to the sperm toxicity of 1-bromopropane in mice 显示文摘 | GARNER C E SLOAN C SUMNER S C | 2007 | Biol Reprod2007，76，3： | 1 |
| 16 | The extent and impact of sheep pox and goat pox in the state of Maharashtra显示文摘 | GARNER M G SAWARKAR S D BRETT E K | 2000 | Trop Anim Health Prod2000，32，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Metabolism and disposition of 1-bromopropane in rats and mice following inhalation or intravenous administration显示文摘 | GARNER C E SUMNER S C DAVIS J G | 2006 | Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2006，215，1： | 1 |
| 18 | 显示文摘 | Garner E B Lakes R S Lee L | 2000 | J Biomech Eng2000，122，： | 1 |
| 19 | Dynamic instability in a DNA-segregating prokaryotic actin homolog显示文摘 | Garner E C Campbell C S Mullins R D | 2004 | Science2004，306，： | 1 |
| 20 | The extent and impact of sheep pox and goat pox in the state of Maharashtra, India显示文摘 | Garner M G Sawarkar S D Brett E K | 2000 | Trop Anim Health Prod2000，32，4： | 1 |
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