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| 1 | Evaluation of three-dimensional biofilms on antibacterial bonding agents containing novel quaternary ammonium methacrylates显示文摘Antibacterial adhesives are promising to inhibit biofilms and secondary caries.The objectives of this study were to synthesize and incorporate quaternary ammonium methacrylates into adhesives,and investigate the alkyl chain length effects on three-dimensional biofilms adherent on adhesives for the first time.Six quaternary ammonium methacrylates with chain lengths of 3,6,9,12,16 and 18were synthesized and incorporated into Scotchbond Multi-Purpose.Streptococcus mutans bacteria were cultured on resin to form biofilms.Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to measure biofilm thickness,live/dead volumes and live-bacteria percentage vs.distance from resin surface.Biofilm thickness was the greatest for Scotchbond control;it decreased with increasing chain length,reaching a minimum at chain length 16.Live-biofilm volume had a similar trend.Dead-biofilm volume increased with increasing chain length.The adhesive with chain length 9 had 37%live bacteria near resin surface,but close to 100%live bacteria in the biofilm top section.For chain length 16,there were nearly 0%live bacteria throughout the three-dimensional biofilm.In conclusion,strong antibacterial activity was achieved by adding quaternary ammonium into adhesive,with biofilm thickness and live-biofilm volume decreasing as chain length was increased from 3 to 16.Antibacterial adhesives typically only inhibited bacteria close to its surface;however,adhesive with chain length 16 had mostly dead bacteria in the entire three-dimensional biofilm.Antibacterial adhesive with chain length 16 is promising to inhibit biofilms at the margins and combat secondary caries. | Han Zhou Michael D Weir Joseph M Antonucci Gary E Schumacher Xue-Dong Zhou Hockin H K Xu | 2014 | International Journal of Oral Science2014，6，2： | 5 |
| 2 | Deformable Model Retrieval Based on Topological and Geometric Signatures 显示文摘 | Gary K L Tam Rynson W H Lau | 2007 | IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics (S1077-2626)2007，13，3： | 1 |
| 3 | What is Driving China' s Decline in Energy Intensity? 显示文摘 | Fisher- Vanden K Gary H Jefferson Hongmei Liu | 2004 | Resource and Energy Economics2004，，26： | 1 |
| 4 | Competing for the Future 显示文摘 | Gary H Prahalad C K | 1994 | Harvard Business Review1994，72，4： | 1 |
| 5 | The core competence of the cor-porration显示文摘 | PRAHALAD C K GARY H | 1990 | Harvard Business Review1990，，： | 1 |
| 6 | What is driving China's decline in energy intensity显示文摘 | FISHER K V GARY H J LIU Hongmei | 2004 | Resource and Energy Economics2004，26，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Characterization of polyploid wheat genomic diversity using a high-density 90 000 single nucleotide polymorphism array 显示文摘 | Wang SC Debbie W Kerrie F Alexandra A Shiaoman C Bevan EH Marco M Silvio S Sara GM Luigi C Anna MM Alex W Stuart S Gary B Ralf W Joerg P International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium Morten L Diane M Rudi A Rudy D Gina BG Abraham K Alina RA Catherine F Jerome S Michele M Curtis P Luo MC Jan DMM Jorge D Martin G Roberto T Cindy L Ivan M Colin C Keith JE Matthew H Eduard A | 2014 | Plant Biotechnol J2014，12，： | 1 |
| 8 | Benefits associated with supplier integration into new product development under conditions of technology uneertainty 显示文摘 | Gary L R Robert B H Petersen K J | 2002 | Journal of Business Research2002，55，： | 1 |
| 9 | Determinants of mortality and type of repair in neonates with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum显示文摘 | David A Ashburn Eugene H Blackstone Winfield J Wells Richard A Jonas Frank A Pigula Peter B Manning Gary K Lofland William G Williams Brian W McCrindle | 2004 | The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery2004，，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Evaluation of a Medical Emergency Team one year after implementation显示文摘 | Gary K Nicolas C Timothy H | 2004 | Resuscitation2004，61，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Optimal Pricing Policies of Web-Enabled A:Location Services显示文摘 | Cheng H K Koehler Gary J | 2003 | Decision Su:Ort Systems2003，35，： | 1 |
| 12 | The Core Competence of the Corporation显示文摘 | PRAHNALAD C K GARY H | 1990 | Harvard Business Review1990，68，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Ultra-Accelerated Weathering System I: Design and Functional Considera- tions显示文摘 | HENRY K H GARY J J CARL E B | 2010 | Material Testing Product and Technology News2010，44，88： | 1 |
| 14 | An exploration of the relationship between software development process maturity and project performance 显示文摘 | JAMES J J GARY K HSIN-GINN H JACK H | 2004 | Information & Management2004，41，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Technology Development and Energy Productivity in China 显示文摘 | Fisher-Vanden K Gary H J Ma J K and Xu JY | 2006 | Energy Economics2006，，28： | 1 |
| 16 | Optimal Pricing Policies of Web-Enabled A:Lication Services显示文摘 | Koehler Gary J | 2003 | Decision Su:Ort Systems2003，35，： | 1 |
| 17 | The Core Competence of the Corporation显示文摘 | PRAHALAD C K GARY H | 1990 | Harvard Business Review1990，，56： | 1 |
| 18 | Technology Development and Energy Productivity in China 显示文摘 | Fisher-Vanden K H J Gary and M Jingkui | 2006 | Energy Economics2006，28，5： | 1 |
| 19 | The core competence of the corporation显示文摘 | Prahalad C K Gary H | 1990 | Harvard Business Review1990，68，56： | 1 |
| 20 | Fast and learnable behavioral and cognitive modeling for virtual character animation显示文摘 | Dinerstein J Egbert P K Garis H | 2004 | Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds2004，15，2： | 1 |
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