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| 1 | Impacts of climate warming on plants phenophases in China for the last 40 years显示文摘Based on plant phenology data from 26 stations of the Chinese Phenology Observation Network of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the climate data, the change of plant phenophase in spring and the impact of climate warming on the plant phenophase in China for the last 40 years are analyzed. Furthermore, the geographical distribution models of phenophase in every decade are reconstructed, and the impact of climate warming on geographical distribution model of phenophase is studied as well. The results show that (i) the response of phenophase advance or delay to temperature change is nonlinear. Since the 1980s, at the same amplitude of temperature change, phenophase delay amplitude caused by temperature decrease is greater than phenophase advance amplitude caused by temperature increase; the rate of phenophase advance days decreases with temperature increase amplitude, and the rate of phenophase delay days increases with temperature decrease amplitude. (ii) The geographical distribution model between | ZHENG Jingyun GE Quansheng HAO Zhixin | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，21： | 41 |
| 2 | Meiyu in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River since 1736显示文摘'Yu Xue Fen Cun' records during the Qing Dynasty are used to identify the starting and ending dates of Meiyu at the period of 1736―1911. These results, along with the instrumental meteorological records, are used to reconstruct the series of length and precipitation of Meiyu during 1736―2000 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The characteristics of Meiyu are analyzed since 1736. Moreover, the strength of East Asian Summer Monsoon and locations of rainband are discussed, based on the relationship between the length of Meiyu and the Index of East Asian Summer Monsoon. It is found that the starting and ending dates and the length of Meiyu have significant interannual and in-terdecadal variations. Apart from 7―8 years, 20―30 years and 40 years cycles for the lengths of Meiyu, the centennial oscillation is also presented. The length of Meiyu, monsoon rainband movement over eastern China, and the strength of East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) have a very good correlation, which can be expressed in the following: during the periods of 1736―1770, 1821―1870 and 1921―1970, the EASM was stronger, and the monsoon rainband was located in North China and South China easily, corresponding to the decreased length of Meiyu. Whereas during the periods of 1771―1820, 1871―1920 and 1971―2000, the EASM was weaker and monsoon rainband usually stopped at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, corresponding to the increased length of Meiyu. | GE QuanSheng GUO XiFeng ZHENG JingYun HAO ZhiXin | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，1： | 28 |
| 3 | Precipitation cycles in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River (1736-2000)显示文摘Based on the long-term precipitation series with annual time resolution in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and its four sub-regions during 1736-2000 recon- structed from the rainfall and snowfall archives of the Qing Dynasty, the precipitation cycles are analyzed by wavelet analysis and the possible climate forcings, which drive the precipita- tion changes, are explored. The results show that: the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River has inter-annual and inter-decadal oscillations like 2-4a, quasi-22a and 70-80a. The 2-4a cycle is linked with El Nio events, and the precipitation is lower than normal year in the occurrence of the El Nio year or the next year; for the quasi-22a and the 70-80a cycles, Wolf Sun Spot Numbers and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) coincide with the two cycle signals. However, on a 70-80a time scale, the coincidence between solar activity and precipitation is identified before 1830, and strong (weak) solar activity is generally correlated to the dry (wet) periods; after 1830, the solar activity changes to 80-100a quasi-century long oscillation, and the adjusting action to the precipitation is be- coming weaker and weaker; the coincidence between PDO and precipitation is shown in the whole time series. Moreover, in recent 100 years, PDO is becoming a pace-maker of the precipitation on the 70-80a time scale. | HAO Zhixin ZHENG Jingyun GE Quansheng | 2008 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2008，18，1： | 22 |
| 4 | Variation of precipitation for the last 300 years over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River显示文摘The precipitation at 17 stations over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is reconstructed during the period of 1736―1910, using the snow and rainfall records in the Qing Dynasty, together with the instrumental observation data of precipitation and farmland soil moisture content. The soil physics model related to rainfall infiltration and the surface water bal-ance equation are taken as main reconstruction methodology. The field infiltration experiment by artificial rainfall is conducted to check the reliability. And the precipitation series over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and its 4 sub-regions are established, going back to 1736. Analysis of the time series indicates that the abrupt change of precipitation from high to low oc-curs around 1915 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. During the three peri-ods of 1791―1805, 1816―1830 and 1886―1895, the precipitation is markedly higher than the mean of the series. While both the periods of 1916―1945 and 1981―2000 are characterized by less precipitation. Three periodicities of 22―25a, 3.9a and 2.7a are shown in the precipitation fluctuation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Moreover, the periodical signal of 22―25a becomes weaker and weaker since the abrupt change of 1915 and disappears in the late 1940s, and then the periodical signal of 35―40a appears instead. | ZHENG Jingyun HAO Zhixin GE Quansheng | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，12： | 20 |
| 5 | Rates of temperature change in China during the past 2000 years显示文摘Using 24 proxy temperature series,the rates of temperature change in China are analyzed at the 30-to 100-year scales for the past 2000 years and at the 10-year scale for the past 500 years.The results show that,at the 100-year scale,the warming rate for the whole of China in the 20th century was only 0.6±1.6°C/100 a (interval at the 95% confidence level,which is used hereafter),while the peak warming rate for the period from the Little Ice Age (LIA) to the 20th century reached 1.1±1.2°C/100 a,which was the greatest in the past 500 years and probably the past 2000 years.At the 30-year scale,warming in the 20th century was quite notable,but the peak rate was still less than rates for previous periods,such as the rapid warming from the LIA to the 20th century and from the 270s-290s to 300s-320s.At the 10-year scale,the warming in the late 20th century was very evident,but it might not be unusual in the context of warming over the past 500 years.The exact timing,duration and magnitude of the warming peaks varied from region to region at all scales.The peak rates of the 100-year scale warming in the AD 180s-350s in northeastern China as well as those in the 260s-410s and 500s-660s in Tibet were all greater than those from the mid-19th to 20th century.Meanwhile,the rates of the most rapid cooling at scales of 30 to 100 years in the LIA were prominent,but they were also not unprecedented in the last 2000 years.At the 10-year scale,for the whole of China,the most rapid decadal cooling in the 20th century was from the 1940s to 1950s with a rate of 0.3±0.6°C/10 a,which was similar to rates for periods before the 20th century.For all regions,the rates of most rapid cooling in the 20th century were all less than those for previous periods. | GE QuanSheng ZHANG XueZhen HAO ZhiXin ZHENG JingYun | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，11： | 17 |
| 6 | General characteristics of climate changes during the past 2000 years in China显示文摘The general characteristics of climate changes over the past 2000 years in China,regional differences and uncertainties were analyzed based on the recently peer-reviewed high time-resolution climatic reconstructions.The results showed that there exists four warm periods of the temperature variation in China since the Qin Dynasty,including the western and eastern Han Dynasties(200 BC-AD 180),the Sui and Tang dynasties(541-810),the Song and Yuan dynasties(931-1320),and the 20th century,and three cold phases involving the Wei,Jin,and North-South Dynasties(181-540),the late Tang Dynasty(811-930),and the Ming and Qing dynasties(1321-1920).The Song and Yuan warm period is consistent with the Medieval Warm Period over the Northern Hemisphere,and the cold phases of the North-South Dynasties and the Ming and Qing dynasties are paralleled to the Dark Ages Cold Period and the Little Ice Age,respectively.The 13th-15th century could be a shift to the wet condition of the climate,and the low precipitation variability is exhibited in western China prior to 1500.In the context of the climate warming,the pattern of the drought in north and flood in south is prevalent over the eastern China.In addition,the published reconstructions have a high level of confidence for the past 500 years,but large uncertainties exist prior to the 16th century. | GE QuanSheng ZHENG JingYun HAO ZhiXin LIU HaoLong | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，2： | 15 |
| 7 | Characteristics of Temperature Change in China over the Last 2000 years and Spatial Patterns of Dryness/Wetness during Cold and Warm Periods显示文摘This paper presents new high-resolution proxies and paleoclimatic reconstructions for studying climate changes in China for the past 2000 years. Multi-proxy synthesized reconstructions show that temperature variation in China has exhibited significant 50–70-yr, 100–120-yr, and 200–250-yr cycles. Results also show that the amplitudes of decadal and centennial temperature variation were 1.3℃ and 0.7℃, respectively, with the latter significantly correlated with long-term changes in solar radiation, especially cold periods, which correspond approximately to sunspot minima. The most rapid warming in China occurred over AD 1870–2000, at a rate of 0.56°± 0.42℃(100 yr)^(-1); however, temperatures recorded in the 20 th century may not be unprecedented for the last 2000 years, as data show records for the periods AD 981–1100 and AD1201–70 are comparable to the present. The ensemble means of dryness/wetness spatial patterns in eastern China across all centennial warm periods illustrate a tripole pattern: dry south of 25°N, wet from 25°–30°N, and dry to the north of 30°N. However, for all centennial cold periods, this spatial pattern also exhibits a meridional distribution. The increase in precipitation over the monsoonal regions of China associated with the 20 th century warming can primarily be attributed to a mega El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. In addition, a significant association between increasing numbers of locusts and dry/cold conditions is found in eastern China. Plague intensity also generally increases in concert with wetness in northern China, while more precipitation is likely to have a negative effect in southern China. | Quansheng GE Haolong LIU Xiang MA Jingyun ZHENG Zhixin HAO | 2017 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2017，34，8： | 10 |
| 8 | Power Matching and Energy Efficiency Improvement of Hydraulic Excavator Driven with Speed and Displacement Variable Power Source显示文摘Mobile machinery energy efficiency and emission pollution are the national and worldwide issues. This paper contributes in solving these problems by applying a speed variable power source. Unfortunately, almost all of the speed variable systems have the dynamic response problem when the motor starts with full load or heavy load. To address this problem, a hydraulic accumulator is used to balance the load of the power source for assisting starting of the motor and a matching method combined with speed and displacement control of the pump is proposed to improve the energy efficiency and dynamic performance simultaneously under different working conditions. Also, the power source/valve combined control strategy of an independent metering system is designed to realize flow matching of the whole system. Firstly, a test system is established to study the dynamic performance and energy efficiency of the speed variable power source with an auxiliary accumulator. Working performance and energy consumption of the power source under different rotating speeds and different loads are studied. And then, the hydraulic excavator test rig with the proposed system is constructed. Furthermore, the working performance of the excavator with the speed-fixed and speed-variable strategy are studied comparatively. Results show that, compared with fixed-speed strategy, the electric power consumption during the idle period and partial load condition can be reduced about 2.05 kW and 1.37 kW. The energy efficiency of speed variable power source is about 40%-71%, which is higher than that of the fixed-speed power source by 3%–10%. | Lei Ge Long Quan Xiaogang Zhang Zhixin Dong Jing Yang | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2019，32，6： | 10 |
| 9 | 1876-1878 severe drought in North China:Facts,impacts and climatic background显示文摘Based on the reconstructed precipitation series in North China from historical documents, the 1876-1878 drought was identified as the most severe and extreme one in North China over the past 300 years. Meanwhile, the spatial patterns of seasonal and annual precipitation during 1876-1877 were analyzed and the social and economic impacts related with this drought event were evaluated according to the descriptions in the historical documents. The results indicated that this long-lasting drought started by the spring of 1876 and did not stop until the spring of 1878. Within the three years, the harvest failures brought the rice price increased to 5-10 times than that in the normal year, and the total population in the five provinces over North China decreased by more than 20 million due to a large number of dead people and migrations. In addition, related investigations suggested that the 1876-1878 drought was prevalent worldwide, which has possible link with abnormal high SST in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific, strong El Nio episode and positive AAO anomalies. | HAO ZhiXin ZHENG JingYun WU GuoFeng ZHANG XueZhen GE QuanSheng | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，26： | 8 |
| 10 | Modeling the axial hydrodynamics of gas-solid counter-current downers显示文摘Gas-solid counter-current downer reactors,in which particles move downward in an upward gas flow,can achieve high solid concentration for high heat and/or mass transfer rates.However,the particles may reverse their direction or even be carried out of the reactor as the gas flow rate increases.This is closely related to 'flooding' in counter-current flows.The energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) model well describes multiscale heterogeneity in gas-solid cocurrent upward flows.It is further developed to simulate gas-solid counter-current downward flows because similar heterogeneity can also be found in downers.The model characterizes well the axial hydrodynamics and predicts an inflexional voidage variation with superficial gas velocity in the fully developed region.This is supported by a simulation based on computational fluid dynamics and the discrete element method.The flooding predicted by the model agrees better with experiment than previous models. | Juanbo Liu Xinhua Liu Zhixin Zhang Hui Zhao Wei Ge | 2020 | Particuology2020，18，3： | 6 |
| 11 | The role of new energy in carbon neutral显示文摘Carbon dioxide is an important medium of the global carbon cycle,and has the dual properties of realizing the conversion of organic matter in the ecosystem and causing the greenhouse effect.The fixed or available carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is defined as'gray carbon',while the carbon dioxide that cannot be fixed or used and remains in the atmosphere is called'black carbon'.Carbon neutral is the consensus of human development,but its implementation still faces many challenges in politics,resources,technology,market,and energy structure,etc.It is proposed that carbon replacement,carbon emission reduction,carbon sequestration,and carbon cycle are the four main approaches to achieve carbon neutral,among which carbon replacement is the backbone.New energy has become the leading role of the third energy conversion and will dominate carbon neutral in the future.Nowadays,solar energy,wind energy,hydropower,nuclear energy and hydrogen energy are the main forces of new energy,helping the power sector to achieve low carbon emissions.'Green hydrogen'is the reserve force of new energy,helping further reduce carbon emissions in industrial and transportation fields.Artificial carbon conversion technology is a bridge connecting new energy and fossil energy,effectively reducing the carbon emissions of fossil energy.It is predicted that the peak value of China’s carbon dioxide emissions will reach 110×10^(8) t in 2030.The study predicts that China’s carbon emissions will drop to 22×10^(8) t,33×10^(8) t and 44×10^(8) t,respectively,in 2060 according to three scenarios of high,medium,and low levels.To realize carbon neutral in China,seven implementation suggestions have been put forward to build a new'three small and one large'energy structure in China and promote the realization of China’s energy independence strategy. | ZOU Caineng XIONG Bo XUE Huaqing ZHENG Dewen GE Zhixin WANG Ying JIANG Luyang PAN Songqi WU Songtao | 2021 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2021，48，2： | 6 |
| 12 | Observed,Reconstructed,and Simulated Decadal Variability of Summer Precipitation over Eastern China显示文摘Based on observations made during recent decades, reconstructed precipitation for the period A.D. 1736–2000,dry–wet index data for A.D. 500–2000, and a 1000-yr control simulation using the Community Earth System Model with fixed pre-industrial external forcing, the decadal variability of summer precipitation over eastern China is studied. Power spectrum analysis shows that the dominant cycles for the decadal variation of summer precipitation are:22–24 and quasi-70 yr over the North China Plain; 32–36, 44–48, and quasi-70 yr in the Jiang–Huai area; and 32–36and 44–48 yr in the Jiang–Nan area. Bandpass decomposition from observation, reconstruction, and simulation reveals that the variability of summer precipitation over the North China Plain, Jiang–Huai area, and Jiang–Nan area, at scales of 20–35, 35–50, and 50–80 yr, is not consistent across the entire millennium. We also find that the warm(cold) phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation generally corresponds to dry(wet) conditions over the North China Plain, but wet(dry) conditions in the Jiang–Nan area, from A.D. 1800, when the PDO became strengthened.However, such a correspondence does not exist throughout the entire last millennium. Data–model comparison suggests that these decadal oscillations and their temporal evolution over eastern China, including the decadal shifts in the spatial pattern of the precipitation anomaly observed in the late 1970s, early 1990s, and early 2000s, might result from internal variability of the climate system. | Jingyun ZHENG Maowei WU Quansheng GE Zhixin HAO Xuezhen ZHANG | 2017 | Journal of Meteorological Research2017，31，1： | 6 |
| 13 | Relationship between precipitation and the infiltration depth over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley显示文摘The purpose of the paper is to extract and make the best use of rainfall information contained in the Chinese historical archives of Qing Dynasty, and reconstruct the precipitation series during 1736-1911.The study followed the Yu-Fen-Cun (rainfall infiltration depth) observation method in Qing Dynasty, to conduct soil infiltration experiment under the natural rainfall conditions during 2004-2006.The related parameters, such as precipitation, intensity, initial soil moisture content and infiltration depth have been measured at 10 stations (east of 105°E, 30°-40°N) with representative climatic conditions and soil physical texture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley.The statistical results indicate that precipitation is the primary infiuencing factor to infiltration depth and is positively correlated with the infiltration depth.Additionally, the efiects of every factor on infiltration depth are significantly difierent between the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley.Finally, the relationship equations of precipitation and infiltration depth are established for each site, most of which can pass over 60% of the variance explanations and provide quantitative models to reconstruct the precipitation series using Yu-Fen-Cun records in Qing Dynasty. | Zhixin Hao Jingyun Zheng Quansheng Ge Xifeng Guo | 2008 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2008，18，9： | 4 |
| 14 | Temperature Variation over the Past 2,000 years in China显示文摘Working with the 200 different phenological cold/warm records of phenomena and crop distribution extracted from a number of historical documents about | GE Quansheng ZHENG Jingyun HAO Zhixin | 2009 | Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences2009，23，4： | 2 |
| 15 | Reconstruction of historical climate in China: High - resolution precipitation data from Qing dynasty archives 显示文摘 | Ge Quansheng Zheng Jingyun Hao Zhixin | 2005 | Bull Am Meteor Soc2005，86，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Variations in the starting date of the pre-summer rainy season in South China, 1736-2010显示文摘The starting dates of the pre-summer rainy season during historical times(1736– 1911) in Fuzhou and Guangzhou of South China, were determined and reconstructed on the basis of historical documents in the Yu-Xue-Fen-Cun archive, together with observed features of precipitation during the pre-summer rainy season. In addition, starting dates of the pre-summer rainy season from 1953 in Fuzhou and from 1952 in Guangzhou were reconstructed for the instrumental period. These data allowed for analyses of inter-annual and inter-decadal changes in the starting dates of the pre-summer rainy season in South China over the past 300 years. Results show that the mean starting date of the pre-summer rainy season in South China was the first pentad of May; in addition, periodicities in the starting dates of 2–3 years, 10 years, and 40 years were detected during the period 1736–1911, and of 2–3 years, 10 years, and 22 years during the instrumental period. From 1736 to 1911, the earliest starting dates at Fuzhou and Guangzhou both occurred at the fourth pentad of April, while the latest starting dates were at the sixth pentad of May in Fuzhou and the first pentad of June in Guangzhou. During the instrumental period, the earliest and latest starting dates were at the fourth pentad of April and the first pentad of June, respectively, in both Fuzhou during 1953–2010 and Guangzhou during 1952–2010. The maximum difference between neighboring decades during 1736–1911 was 2.2 and 1.6 pentads in Fuzhou and Guangzhou, respectively, and during the instrumental period it was 2.5 and 2.4 pentads in Fuzhou and Guangzhou, respectively. | DING Lingling GE Quansheng ZHENG Jingyun HAO Zhixin | 2014 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2014，24，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Reconstruction of Historical Climate in China: High - resolution Precipitation Data form Qing Dynasty Archives 显示文摘 | Ge Quansheng Zheng Jingyun Hao Zhixin | 2005 | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society2005，86，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Spring phenophases in recent decades over eastern china and its possible link to climate changes显示文摘 | Zheng Jingyun Ge Quansheng Hao Zhixin | 2006 | Climatic Change2006，77，34： | 1 |
| 19 | The rainy season in the northwestern part of the East Asian summer monsoon in the 18th and 19th centuries显示文摘 | Ge Quansheng Hao Zhixin Tian Yanyu | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Sub-nanometer ultrathin epitaxy of AlGaN and its application in efficient doping显示文摘Solving the doping asymmetry issue in wide gap semiconductors is a key dificulty and long-standing challenge for device applications.Here,a desorption-tailoring strategy is proposed to juggle the carrier concentration and transport.Specific to the p-doping issue in Al-rich AlGaN,self-assembled p-AlGaN superlattices with an average Al composition of over 50%are prepared by adopting this approach.The hole concentration as high as 8.1×10^(18)cm^(-3)is thus realized at room temperature,which is attributed to the signifcant reduction of effective Mg activation energy to 17.5 meV through modulating the activating path,as well as the highlighted Mg surface-incorporation by an intentional interruption for desorption.More importantly,benefting from the constant ultrathin barrier thickness of only three monolayers via this approach,vertical miniband transport of holes is verifed in the p-AlGaN superlattices,greatly satisfying the demand of hole injection in device application.280 nm deep-ultraviolet light emitting diodes are then fabricated as a demo with the desorption-tailored Al-rich p-AlGaN superlattices,which exhibit a great improvement of the carrier injection efficiency and light extraction efficiency,thus leading to a 55.7%increase of the light output power.This study provides a solution for p-type doping of Al-rich AlGaN,and also sheds light on solving the doping asymmetry issue in general for wide-gap semiconductors. | Jiaming Wang Mingxing Wang Fujun Xu Baiyin Liu Jing Lang Na Zhang Xiangning Kang Zhixin Qin Xuelin Yang Xinqiang Wang Weikun Ge Bo Shen | 2022 | Light(Science & Applications)2022，11，4： | 1 |
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