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| 1 | Utility of endoscopic ultrasound in patients with portal hypertension显示文摘Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) has revolutionized the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with gastrointestinal disorders. Its application in patients with liver disease and portal hypertension is increasing. Patients with chronic liver disease are at risk for development of portal hypertension sequale such as ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and gastroesophageal varices. Bleeding esophageal and gastric varices are among the most common causes of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Thus, early detection and treatment improve the outcome in this population. EUS can improve the detection and diagnosis of gastroesophageal varices and collateral veins and can provide endoscopic therapy of gastroesophageal varices such as EUS-guided sclerotherapy of esophageal collateral vessels and EUS-guided cynoacrylate(Glue) injection of gastric varices. EUS can also provide knowledge on the efficacy of pharmacotherapy of portal hypertension. Furthermore, EUS can provide assessment and prediction of variceal recurrence after endoscopic therapy and assessment of portal hemodynamics such as E-Flow and Doppler study of the azygous and portal veins. Moreover, EUS-guided fine needle aspiration may provide cytologic diagnosis of focal hepatic tumors andanalysis of free abdominal fluid.Using specialized EUSguided needle biopsy,a sample of liver tissue can be obtained to diagnose and evaluate for chronic liver disease.EUS-guided fine needle injection can be used to study portal vein pressure and hemodynamics,and potentially could be used to assist in exact measurement of portal vein pressure and placement of intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. | Ghassan M Hammoud Jamal A Ibdah | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，39： | 23 |
| 2 | Genome-scale profiling of circulating cell-free DNA signatures for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients显示文摘Dear Editor,Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the second most deadly cancer worldwide.1 Cirrhosis of different causes predisposes patients to HCC,increasing the annual HCC incidence by 2%–4%.1 The development of cirrhosis facilitates a series of genetic or epigenetic changes,resulting in the formation of dysplastic nodules,a premalignant stage in HCC.1 HCC diagnosis at an early stage contributes to an improved prognosis with the possibility of curative treatment.Due to the low accuracy of current diagnostic methods,it is urgently needed to explore new non-invasive strategies for early HCC diagnosis in cirrhotic patients. | Lei Chen Ghassan K.Abou-Alfa Bo Zheng Jing-Feng Liu Jian Bai Lu-Tao Du Yun-Song Qian Rong Fan Xiao-Long Liu Lin Wu Jin-Lin Hou Hong-Yang Wang The PreCar Team | 2021 | Cell Research2021，31，5： | 20 |
| 3 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases not unique to pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy is a special clinical state with several normal physiological changes that influence body organs including the liver.Liver disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and their infants.Few challenges arise in reaching an accurate diagnosis in light of such physiological changes.Laboratory test results should be carefully interpreted and the knowledge of what normal changes to expect is prudent to avoid clinical misjudgment.Other challenges entail the methods of treatment and their safety for both the mother and the baby.This review summarizes liver diseases that are not unique to pregnancy.We focus on viral hepatitis and its mode of transmission,diagnosis,effect on the pregnancy,the mother,the infant,treatment,and breast-feeding.Autoimmune hepatitis,primary biliary cirrhosis,primary sclerosing cholangitis,Wilson’s disease,Budd Chiari and portal vein thrombosis in pregnancy are also discussed.Pregnancy is rare in patients with cirrhosis because of the metabolic and hormonal changes associated with cirrhosis.Variceal bleeding can happen in up to 38%of cirrhotic pregnant women.Management of portal hypertension during pregnancy is discussed.Pregnancy increases the pathogenicity leading to an increase in the rate of gallstones.We discuss some of the interventions for gallstones in pregnancy if symptoms arise.Finally,we provide an overview of some of the options in managing hepatic adenomas and hepatocellular carcinoma during pregnancy. | Ashraf A Almashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Rubayat N Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 17 |
| 4 | Effect of precut sphincterotomy on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis:A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM:To conduct a systemic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of early precut technique.Multiple randomized controlled trails(RCTs)have reported conflicting results of the early precut sphincterotomy.METHODS:MEDLINE/PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews,and recent abstracts from major conference proceedings were searched(June 2013).Randomized and non-randomized studies comparing early precut technique with prolonged standard methods were included.Pooled estimates of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP),cannulation and adverse events were analyzed by using odds ratio(OR).Random and fixed effects models were used as appropriate.Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots.Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by calculating I2 measure of inconsistency.RESULTS:Seven randomized and seven non-randomized trials met inclusion criteria.Meta-analysis of RCTs showed a decrease trend for PEP with early precut sphincterotomy but was not statistically significant(OR=0.58;95%CI:0.32-1.05;P=0.07).No heterogeneity was noted among the studies with I2 of 0%.CONCLUSION:Early precut technique for common bile duct cannulation decreases the trend of post-ERCP pancreatitis. | Abhishek Choudhary Jessica Winn Sameer Siddique Murtaza Arif Zainab Arif Ghassan M Hammoud Srinivas R Puli Jamal A Ibdah Matthew L Bechtold | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，14： | 13 |
| 5 | 北美神经内分泌肿瘤学会和核医学与分子影像学会有关177Lu-DOTATATE肽受体放射性核素治疗患者选择和合理应用共识显示文摘随着177Lu-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸-D-苯丙氨酸1-酪氨酸3-苏氨酸8-奥曲肽(DOTATATE)肽受体放射性核素治疗(PRRT)的日益普及,有关患者合理选择的问题日益增多。该文回顾了有关177Lu-DOTATATE在不同原发性神经内分泌肿瘤(NETs)中的应用文献,讨论了一些有争议的问题,并回顾了治疗的潜在禁忌证。此共识是由北美神经内分泌肿瘤学会(NANETS)和核医学与分子影像学会(SNMMI)共同制定的。NANETS是成立于2005年的北美多学科神经内分泌专家专业学会,目的在于通过增加研究和教育机会改善对NETs的管理。NANETS致力于多学科研究,由NETs涉及的不同专业的医师和科学家组成。SNMMI成立于1954年,旨在促进核医学科学、技术和实践应用的国际性科学专业组织,除了出版期刊、时事通讯和书籍外,还主办提高核医学从业人员能力和促进核医学科学新发展的国际会议及讲习班。 | 邓艳(译) 张伟(审校) Thomas A.Hope Lisa Bodei Jennifer A.Chan Ghassan El-Haddad Nicholas Fidelman Pamela L.Kunz Josh Mailman Yusuf Menda David C.Metz Erik S.Mittra Daniel A.Pryma Diane L.Reidy-Lagunes Simron Singh Jonathan R.Strosberg | 2020 | 中华核医学与分子影像杂志2020，40，11： | 11 |
| 6 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Diseases unique to pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy is a special clinical state with several normal physiological changes that influence body organs including the liver.Liver disease can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both pregnant women and their infants.This review summarizes liver diseases that are unique to pregnancy.We discuss clinical conditions that are seen only in pregnant women and involve the liver;from Hyperemesis Gravidarum that happens in 1out of 200 pregnancies and Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy(0.5%-1.5%prevalence),to the more frequent condition of preeclampsia(10%prevalence)and its severe form;hemolysis,elevated liver enzymes,and a low platelet count syndrome(12%of pregnancies with preeclampsia),to the rare entity of Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy(incidence of 1 per 7270 to 13000deliveries).Although pathogeneses behind the development of these aliments are not fully understood,theories have been proposed.Some propose the special physiological changes that accompany pregnancy as a precipitant.Others suggest a constellation of factors including both the mother and her fetus that come together to trigger those unique conditions.Reaching a timely and accurate diagnosis of such conditions can be challenging.The timing of the condition in relation toward which trimester it starts at is a key.Accurate diagnosis can be made using specific clinical findings and blood tests.Some entities have well-defined criteria that help not only in making the diagnosis,but also in classifying the disease according to its severity.Management of these conditions range from simple medical remedies to measures such as immediate termination of the pregnancy.In specific conditions,it is prudent to have expert obstetric and medical specialists teaming up to help improve the outcomes. | Khulood T Ahmed Ashraf A Almashhrawi Rubayat N Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 10 |
| 7 | Primary hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic syndrome:An update显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has increased dramatically by 80% over the past two decades in the United States. Numerous basic science and clinical studies have documented a strong association between hepatocellular carcinoma and the metabolic syndrome. These studies have documented that, in most patients, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, which may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma through the cirrhotic process. However, minority of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma without cirrhosis.This review summarizes the current literature of the link between hepatocellular carcinoma and metabolic syndrome with special emphasis on various components of the metabolic syndrome including risk of association with obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia,and hypertension. Current understanding of pathophysiology, clinical features, treatments, outcomes,and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma in the background of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is reviewed. With the current epidemic of metabolic syndrome, the number of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing.Subsequently, it is expected that the incidence and prevalence of HCC will also increase. It is very important for the scientific community to shed more light on the pathogenesis of HCC with metabolic syndrome,both with and without cirrhosis. At the same time it is also important to quantify the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with the metabolic syndrome in a prospective setting and develop surveillance recommendations for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with metabolic syndrome. | Rubayat Rahman Ghassan M Hammoud Ashraf A Al-mashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2013，5，9： | 8 |
| 8 | Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of hepatic, gallbladder and biliary tract Lesions显示文摘Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided fine needle aspira-tion(FNA) of the liver is a safe procedure in the diag-nosis and staging of hepatobiliary malignancies with a minimal major complication rate. EUS-FNA is useful for liver lesions poorly accessible to other imaging modali-ties of the liver. EUS-guided FNA of biliary neoplasia and malignant biliary stricture is superior to the con-ventional endoscopic brushing and biopsy. | Ghassan M Hammoud Ashraf Almashhrawi Jamal A Ibdah | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，11： | 7 |
| 9 | IFC implementation in lifecycle costing显示文摘Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is always a major concern in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. This paper presents the implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology in the development of a lifecycle cost-estimating tool. The IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) model as an interoperable building information model has been adopted as the central data repository to deliver the integrated information of building designs from CAD design systems into the lifecycle-costing database. In this paper, the conceptions and relevant factors, which could affect the LCC estimation, have been introduced. The problems of current LCC applications have been identified as the lack of LCC data and the complexity of LCC exercises. The software application of IFC models and relevant auxiliary are depicted as a solution of the problem identified. The lifecycle costing tool is a part of the nD Modeling tool and as such is based on its integrated interface prototype toolkit and is able to holistically present an IFC model into a 3D virtual reality view, a tree-view and a list of element properties. The functions and some technical points are also detailed in the paper. Through the research, it demonstrates the potential and possibility of implementing BIM methods and techniques, particularly IFCs to enhance the computer applications in the processes of building construction and facility management. | Charlie Fu Ghassan Aouad Amanda Marshall Ponting Angela Lee Song Wu | 2004 | Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)2004，11，4： | 7 |
| 10 | Integrated model for earthquake risk assessment using neural network and analytic hierarchy process:Aceh province,Indonesia显示文摘Catastrophic natural hazards,such as earthquake,pose serious threats to properties and human lives in urban areas.Therefore,earthquake risk assessment(ERA)is indispensable in disaster management.ERA is an integration of the extent of probability and vulnerability of assets.This study develops an integrated model by using the artificial neural network–analytic hierarchy process(ANN–AHP)model for constructing the ERA map.The aim of the study is to quantify urban population risk that may be caused by impending earthquakes.The model is applied to the city of Banda Aceh in Indonesia,a seismically active zone of Aceh province frequently affected by devastating earthquakes.ANN is used for probability mapping,whereas AHP is used to assess urban vulnerability after the hazard map is created with the aid of earthquake intensity variation thematic layering.The risk map is subsequently created by combining the probability,hazard,and vulnerability maps.Then,the risk levels of various zones are obtained.The validation process reveals that the proposed model can map the earthquake probability based on historical events with an accuracy of 84%.Furthermore,results show that the central and southeastern regions of the city have moderate to very high risk classifications,whereas the other parts of the city fall under low to very low earthquake risk classifications.The findings of this research are useful for government agencies and decision makers,particularly in estimating risk dimensions in urban areas and for the future studies to project the preparedness strategies for Banda Aceh. | Ratiranjan Jena Biswajeet Pradhan Ghassan Beydoun Nizamuddin Ardiansyah Hizir Sofyan Muzailin Affan | 2020 | Geoscience Frontiers2020，11，2： | 5 |
| 11 | Endoscopic assessment and management of early esophageal adenocarcinoma显示文摘Esophageal carcinoma affects more than 450000people worldwide and the incidence is rapidly increasing.In the United States and Europe,esophageal adenocarcinoma has superseded esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in its incidence.Esophageal cancer has a high mortality rates secondary to the late presentation of most patients at advanced stages.Endoscopic screening is recommended for patients with multiple risk factors for cancer in Barrett’s esophagus.These risk factors include chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease,hiatal hernia,advanced age,male sex,white race,cigarette smoking,and obesity.The annual risk of esophageal cancer is approximately 0.25%for patients without dysplasia and 6%for patients with high-grade dysplasia.Twenty percent of all esophageal adenocarcinoma in the United States is early stage with disease confined to the mucosa or submucosa.The significant morbidity and mortality of esophagectomy make endoscopic treatment an attractive option.The American Gastroenterological Association recommends endoscopic eradication therapy for patients with high-grade dysplasia.Endoscopic modalities for treatment of early esophageal adenocarcinoma include endoscopic resection techniques and endoscopic ablative techniques such as radiofrequency ablation,photodynamic therapy and cryoablation.Endoscopic therapy should be precluded to patients with no evidence of lymphovascular invasion.Local tumor recurrence is low after endoscopic therapy and is predicted by poor differentiation of tumor,positive lymph node and submucosal invasion.Surgical resection should be offered to patients with deep submucosal invasion. | Ghassan M Hammoud Hazem Hammad Jamal A Ibdah | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，8： | 4 |
| 12 | Prognostic value of pre-treatment F-18-FDG PET-CT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing radioembolization显示文摘AIM To evaluate the value of pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with HCC following liver radioembolization.METHODS We identified 34 patients with HCC who underwent an FDG PET/CT scan prior to hepatic radioembolization at our institution between 2009 and 2013. Patients wereseen in clinic one month after radioembolization and then at 2-3 mo intervals. We assessed the influence of FDG tumor uptake on outcomes including local liver control(LLC), distant liver control(DLC), time to distant metastases(DM), progression free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS).RESULTS The majority of patients were males(n = 25, 74%), and had Child Pugh Class A(n = 31, 91%), with a median age of 68 years(46-84 years). FDG-avid disease was found in 19(56%) patients with SUVmax ranging from 3 to 20. Female patients were more likely to have an FDG-avid HCC(P = 0.02). Median follow up of patients following radioembolization was 12 months(1.2-62.8 mo). FDG-avid disease was associated with a decreased 1 year LLC, DLC, DM and PFS(P < 0.05). Using multivariate analysis, FDG avidity predicted for LLC, DLC, and PFS(all P < 0.05).CONCLUSION In this retrospective study, pre-treatment HCC FDGavidity was found to be associated with worse LLC, DLC, and PFS following radioembolization. Larger studies are needed to validate our initial findings to assess the role of F-18-FDG PET/CT scans as biomarker for patients with HCC following radioembolization. | Yazan Abuodeh Arash O Naghavi Kamran A Ahmed Puja S Venkat Youngchul Kim Bela Kis Junsung Choi Benjamin Biebel Jennifer Sweeney Daniel A Anaya Richard Kim Mokenge Malafa Jessica M Frakes Sarah E Hoffe Ghassan El-Haddad | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，47： | 3 |
| 13 | Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus gastroenteritis among hospitalized children in Lebanon显示文摘AIM To assess the burden of norovirus(No V) and to determine the diversity of circulating strains among hospitalized children in Lebanon. METHODS Stool samples were collected from children presenting with acute gastroenteritis to six major hospitals in Lebanon. A total of 739 eligible stool samples, testing negative for diarrhea caused by rotavirus as a possible viral pathogen, were collected between January 2011 and June 2013. A standardized questionnaire including demographic, epidemiological and clinical observations was used at the time of hospitalization of children presenting with diarrhea. Viral RNA was extracted from stool samples followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing of a fragment of the viral protein 1 capsid gene. Multiple sequence alignments were carried out and phylogenetic trees were constructed using the MEGA 6 software.RESULTS Overall, 11.2% of stool samples collected from children aged < 5 years tested positive for No V genogroups Ⅰ(GⅠ) and Ⅱ(GⅡ). GⅡ accounted for 10.6% of the gastroenteritis cases with only five samples being positive for GⅠ(0.7%). The majority of hospitalized children showed symptoms of diarrhea, dehydration, vomiting and fever. Upon sequencing of positive samples and based on their clustering in the phylogenetic tree, 4/5 of GⅠ gastroenteritis cases were designated GⅠ.3 and one case as GⅠ.4. GⅡ.4 was predominantly detected in stool of our study participants(68%). We report a JB-15/KOR/2008 GⅡ.4 Apeldoorn 2008-like variant strain circulating in 2011; this strain was replaced between 2012 and 2013 by a variant sharing homology with the Sydney/NSW0514/2012/AUS GⅡ.4 Sydney 2012 and Sydney 2012/FRA GⅡ.4 strains. We also report the co-circulation of non-GⅡ.4 genotypes among hospitalized children. Our data show that No V gastroenteritis can occur throughout the year with the highest number of cases detected during the hot months.CONCLUSION The majority of No V-associated viral gastroenteritis cases among our participants are attributable to GⅡ.4, which is compatible with results reported worldwide. | Nada M Melhem Hassan Zaraket Khalil Kreidieh Zeinab Ali Moza Hammadi Soha Ghanem Farah Hajar Amjad Haidar Adlette Inati Mariam Rajab Hassan Fakhouri Bassam Ghanem Ghassan Baasiri Ghassan Dbaibo | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，48： | 3 |
| 14 | Liver diseases in pregnancy: Liver transplantation in pregnancy显示文摘Pregnancy in patients with advanced liver disease is uncommon as most women with decompensated cirrhosis are infertile and have high rate of anovulation.However,if gestation ensued;it is very challenging and carries high risks for both the mother and the baby such as higher rates of spontaneous abortion,prematurity,pulmonary hypertension,splenic artery aneurysm rupture,postpartum hemorrhage,and a potential for life-threatening variceal hemorrhage and hepatic decompensation.In contrary,with orthotopic liver transplantation,menstruation resumes and most women of childbearing age are able to conceive,give birth and lead a better quality of life.Women with orthotopic liver transplantation seeking pregnancy should be managed carefully by a team consultation with transplant hepatologist,maternal-fetal medicine specialist and other specialists.Pregnant liver transplant recipients need to stay on immunosuppression medication to prevent allograft rejection.Furthermore,these medications need to be monitored carefully and continued throughout pregnancy to avoid potential adverse effects to mother and baby.Thus delaying pregnancy 1 to 2 years after transplantation minimizes fetal exposure to high doses of immunosuppressants.Pregnant female liver transplant patients have a high rate of cesarean delivery likely due to the high rate of prematurity in this population.Recent reports suggest that with close monitoring and multidisciplinary team approach,most female liver transplant recipient of childbearing age will lead a successful pregnancy. | Ghassan M Hammoud Ashraf A Almashhrawi Khulood T Ahmed Rubayat Rahman Jamal A Ibdah | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 3 |
| 15 | Perforated duodenal ulcer:An unusual manifestation of allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis显示文摘Spontaneous perforation of a duodenal ulcer secondary to allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EGE) has not been previously reported. We present such a case in a teenager who presented with peritonitis. After exploration and operative repair of his ulcer, he continued to experience intermittent abdominal pain, and further evaluation revealed eosinophilic gastroenteritis in the setting of multiple food allergies. His EGE resolved after adhering to a restrictive diet. Both duodenal ulcers and EGE are very rarely seen in pediatric patients. EGE has a variable presentation depending on the layer(s) of bowel wall affected and the segment of the gastrointestinal tract that is involved. Once diagnosed, it may respond to dietary changes in patients with recognized food allergies, or to steroids in patients in whom an underlying cause is not identified. Our case highlights the need to keep EGE in the differential diagnosis when treating pediatric patients with duodenal ulcers. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of EGE are also discussed, along with a review of the current literature. | Kevin M Riggle Ghassan Wahbeh Elizabeth M Williams Kimberly J Riehle | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，44： | 3 |
| 16 | Potential role of killer immunoglobulin receptor genes among individuals vaccinated against hepatitis B virus in Lebanon显示文摘AIM To explore the role of killer immunoglobulin receptor(KIR) genes in responsiveness or non-responsiveness to vaccination against hepatitis B virus.METHODS We recruited 101 voluntary participants between March 2010 and December 2011. Sera samples from vaccinated and non-vaccinated participants were tested for the presence of anti-HBs antibodies as a measure of protection against hepatitis B, hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibody as indicators ofinfection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KIR gene frequencies were determined by polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS Sera samples from 99 participants were tested for the levels of anti-HBs as an indicator of protection(≥ 10 mI U/ml) following vaccination as defined by the World Health Organization international reference standard. Among the vaccinated participants, 47%(35/74) had anti-HBs titers above 100 mI U/ml, 22%(16/74) had antiHBs ranging between 10-100 mI U/ml, and 20%(15/74) had values of less than 10 mI U/ml. We report the lack of significant association between the number of vaccine dosages and the titer of antibodies among our vaccinated participants. The inhibitory KIR2Dl1, KIR2Dl4, KIR3Dl1, KIR3Dl2, and KIR3 Dl were detected in more than 95%, whereas KIR2Dl2, KIR2Dl3, KIR2Dl5(KR2Dl5A and KIR2Dl5B) were expressed in 56%, 84% and 42%(25% and 29%) of participants, respectively. The observed frequency of the activating KIR genes ranged between 35% and 55% except for KIR2DS4, detected in 95% of the study participants(40.6% 2DS4*001/002; 82.2% 2DS4*003/007). KIR2DP1 pseudogene was detected in 99% of our participants, whereas KIR3DP*001/02/04 and KIR3DP1*003 had frequencies of 17% and 100%, respectively. No association between the frequency of KIR genes and anti-HBs antibodies was detected. When we compared the frequency of KIR genes between vaccinated individuals with protective antibodies titers and those who lost their protective antibody levels, we did not detect a significant difference. KIR2Dl5 B was significantly different among different groups of vaccinated participants(group Ⅰ > 100 mI U/ml, group Ⅱ 10-100 mI U/ml, group Ⅲ < 10 mI U/ml and group Ⅳ with undetectable levels of protective antibodies). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study screening for the possible role of KIR genes among individuals vaccinated against hepatitis B virus(HBV). Our results can be used to design larger studies to better understand the role of KIR genes in protection against or susceptibility to HBV post vaccination. | Nada M Melhem Rami A Mahfouz Khalil Kreidieh Rabab Abdul-Khalik Rolla El-Khatib Reem Talhouk Umayya Musharrafieh Ghassan Hamadeh | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，29： | 2 |
| 17 | Where does chemotherapy stands in the treatment of ampullary carcinoma? A review of literature显示文摘Ampullary carcinoma(AC) is a rare gastrointestinal tumor without clear treatment recommendations.The management of this tumor is usually extrapolated from the treatment of pancreatic,biliary duct and intestinal cancers.Few papers have studied the AC as an independent entity and yet succombs to several limitations.These studies were retrospective single institutional experiences with limited sample sizes recruited over a long period of time.Unlike metastatic ACs where chemotherapy is the only recommended option,localized AC once excised may be approached by either chemotherapy alone or concomitant chemoradiation therapy.In this review,we report the overall survival and recurrence factors of more than 1000 patients from all the studies treating exclusively ACs.We also review the medical treatment of this tumor and conclude to the necessity of multi-institutional randomized controlled studies for AC exclusively. | Marwan Ghosn Hampig Raphael Kourie Elie El Rassy Fady Ghassan Haddad Colette Hanna Fadi El Karak Dolly Nasr | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2016，8，10： | 2 |
| 18 | Green synthesis,antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles using Eucalyptus chapmaniana leaves extract显示文摘Objective:To synthesize silver nanopaticles from leaves extract of Eucalyptus chapmaniana(E.chapmaniana)and test the antimicrobial of the nanoparticles against different pathogenic bacteria,yeast and its toxicity against human acute promyelocytic leukemia(HL-60)cell line.Methods:Ten milliliter of leaves extract was mixed with 90 mL of 0.01 mmol/mL or 0.02 mmol/mL aqueous AgNO_3 and exposed to sun light for 1 h.A change from yellowish to reddish brown color was observed.Characterization using UV-vis spectrophotometery and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed.Antimicrobial activity against six microorganisms was tested using well diffusion method and cytoxicity test using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,a yellow tetrazole was obtained on the human leukemia cell line(HL-60).Results:UV-vis spectral analysis showed silver surface plasmon resonance band at 413 nm.X-ray diffraction showed that the particles were crystalline in nature with face centered cubic structure of the bulk silver with broad beaks at 38.50°and 44.76°.The synthesized silver nanoparticles efficiently inhibited various pathogenic organisms and reduced viability of the HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:It has been demonstrated that the extract of E.chapmaniana leaves are capable of producing silver nanoparticles extracellularly and the Ag nanoparticles are quite stable in solution.Further studies are needed to fully characterize the toxicity and the mechanisms involved with the antimicrobial and anticancer activity of these particles. | Ghassan Mohammad Sulaiman Wasnaa Hatif Mohammed Thorria Radam Marzoog Ahmed Abdul Amir Al-Amiery Abdul Amir H.Kadhum Abu Bakar Mohamad | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Transition of pediatric to adult care in inflammatory bowel disease: Is it as easy as 1, 2, 3?显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a heterogeneous group of chronic diseases with a rising prevalence in the pediatric population,and up to 25%of IBD patients are diagnosed before 18 years of age.Adolescents with IBD tend to have more severe and extensive disease and eventually require graduation from pediatric care toadult services.The transition of patients from pediatric to adult gastroenterologists requires careful preparation and coordination,with involvement of all key players to ensure proper collaboration of care and avoid interruption in care.This can be challenging and associated with gaps in delivery of care.The pediatric and adult health paradigms have inherent differences between health care models,as well as health care priorities in IBD.The readiness of the young adult also influences this transition of care,with often times other overlaps in life events,such as school,financial independence and moving away from home.These patients are therefore at higher risk for poorer clinical disease outcomes.The aim of this paper is to review concepts pertinent to transition of care of young adults with IBD to adult care,and provides resources appropriate for an IBD pediatric to adult transition of care model. | Anita Afzali Ghassan Wahbeh | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，20： | 2 |
| 20 | Triple therapy in treatment-experienced patients with HCV-cirrhosis in a multicentre cohort of the French Early Access Programme (ANRS CO20-CUPIC) – NCT01514890<!-- Doctopic: VH -->显示文摘 | Christophe Hézode Hélène Fontaine Céline Dorival Dominique Larrey Fabien Zoulim Valérie Canva Victor de Ledinghen Thierry Poynard Didier Samuel Marc Bourlière Jean-Pierre Zarski Jean-Jacques Raabe Laurent Alric Patrick Marcellin Ghassan Riachi Pierre-Henr | 2013 | Journal of Hepatology2013，，： | 2 |
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