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| 1 | Isotopic evidence of TSR origin for natural gas bearing high H_2S contents within the Feixianguan Formation of the northeastern Sichuan Basin, southwestern China显示文摘The northeastern area of Sichuan Basin, southwestern China, is the area with the maximal reserve of natural gas containing higher hydrogen sulphide (H2S) that has been found among the petroliferous basins of China, with the proven and controlled gas reserve of more than 200 billion cubic meters. These gas pools, with higher H2S contents averaging 9%, some 17%, are mainly distributed on structural belts of Dukouhe, Tieshanpo, Luojiazhai, Puguang, etc., while the oolitic-shoal dolomite of the Triassic Feixianguan Fm. (T1f) is the reservoir. Although many scholars regard the plentiful accumulation of H2S within the deep carbonate reservoir as the re-sult of Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR), however, the process of TSR as well as its residual geological and geochemical evidence is still not quite clear. Based on the carbon iso-topic analysis of carbonate strata and secondary calcite, etc., together with the analysis of sulfur isotopes within H2S, sulphur, gypsum, iron pyrites, etc., as well as other aspects including the natural gas composition, carbon isotopes of hydrocarbons reservoir petrology, etc., it has been proved that the above natural gas is a product of TSR. The H2S, sulphur and calcite result from the participation of TSR reactions by hydrocarbon gas. During the process for hydrocarbons be-ing consumed due to TSR, the carbons within the hydrocarbon gas participate in the reactions and finally are transferred into the secondary calcite, and become the carbon source of secon-dary calcite, consequently causing the carbon isotopes of the secondary calcite to be lower (?18.2‰). As for both the intermediate product of TSR, i.e. sulfur, and its final products, i.e. H2S and iron pyrites, their sulfur elements are all sourced from the sulfate within the Feixianguan Fm. During the fractional processes of sulfur isotopes, the bond energy leads to the 32S being re-leased firstly, and the earlier it is released, the lower δ 34S values for the generated sulphide (H2S) or sulfur will be. However, for the anhydrite that participates in reactions, the higher the reaction degree, the more 32S is released, while the less 32S remains and the more δ 34S is increased. The testing results have proved the process of the dynamic fractionation of sulfur isotopes. | ZHU Guangyou ZHANG Shuichang LIANG Yingbo DAI Jinxing LI Jian | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，11： | 58 |
| 2 | Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China显示文摘There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2S and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock. | ZHU GuangYou ZHAO WenZhi ZHANG ShuiChang LIANG YingBo WANG ZhengJun | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A01： | 41 |
| 3 | Origins of High H_2S-bearing Natural Gas in China显示文摘Natural gas containing hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has been found in several petroliferous basins in China, such as the Sichuan Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, Ordos Basin, Tarim Basin, etc. Natural gas with higher H2S contents (H2S >5 % mol.) is mostly distributed in both the gas reservoirs of Dukouhe, Luojiazhai, Puguang and Tieshanpo, which belong to the Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin and those of the Kongdian-Shahejie formations in the northeastern Jinxian Sag of the Jizhong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin. In the Sichuan Basin, the H2S contents of natural gas average over 9% and some can be 17 %, while those of the Bohai Bay Basin range from 40 % to 92 %, being then one of the gas reservoirs with the highest H2S contents in the world. Based on detailed observation and sample analysis results of a total 5000 m of core from over 70 wells in the above-mentioned two basins, especially sulfur isotopic analysis of gypsum, brimstone, pyrite and natural gas, also with integrated study of the geochemical characteristics of hydrocarbons, it is thought that the natural gas with high H2S contents resulted from thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reactions. Among them, the natural gas in the Feixianguan Formation resulted from TSR reactions participated by hydrocarbon gas, while that in the Zhaolanzhuang of the Jinxian Sag being the product of TSR participated by crude oil. During the consumption process of hydrocarbons due to TSR, the heavy hydrocarbons were apt to react with sulfate, which accordingly resulted in the dry coefficient of natural gas increasing and the carbon isotopes becoming heavier. | ZHU Guangyou ZHANG Shuichang LIANG Yingbo DAI Jinxing LI Jian | 2005 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2005，79，5： | 36 |
| 4 | Relationship between the later strong gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area, Tarim Basin显示文摘Some large-scale oil-gas fields have recently been discovered in marine carbonate in China, especially the significant discoveries in deep reservoir that reveals a favorable exploration prospect. Tazhong area is the first-order tectonic unit in Tarim Basin, where there are nearly trillion cubic meters of natural gas resources in the Ordovician limestone reef flat complex in Lianglitage Formation. The reservoir is shelf edge reef flat complex, characterized by ultra-low porosity, low permeability and strong heterogeneous, with a current burial depth of 4500―6500 m. Studies find that the formation and distribution of deep reservoir of the Lianglitage Formation were controlled not only by the early high-energy sedimentary facies and corrosion, but the fracture network formed by the strong gas-charging process since the Himalayan epoch, which played an important role in optimizing and improving reservoir properties. This paper discusses the relationship between the strong later gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate reservoir, and also builts the corresponding mechanisms and modes, which is favorable for the prediction and evaluation of the advantageous exploration targets. | ZHAO WenZhi ZHU GuangYou ZHANG ShuiChang ZHAO XueFeng SUN YuShan WANG HongJun YANG HaiJun HAN JianFa | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，17： | 31 |
| 5 | Fundamental geological elements for the occurrence of Chinese marine oil and gas accumulations显示文摘The Paleozoic strata in the Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin are the major targets for marine petroleum exploration, with developed high quality hydrocarbon, mainly argillite. The deep burial of these source rocks suggests that they mainly develop gas instead of oil. But different maturities of organic matter may lead to different hydrocarbon facies. Through thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR), the hydrocarbon in the carbonate rocks may undergo a process of pyrolytic cracking and be catalyzed into gases. The marine reservoirs mainly consist of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the former is controlled by sedimentary facies, dolomitization, solution, TSR and cracking. The multiphase tectonic cycling develops multiple source-reservoir-cap combinations and diversified types of traps and reservoirs, featuring multiphase reservoir formation, mainly late-phase formation or consolidation. Palaeo-uplifts play a controlling role in hydrocarbon accumulation. Differences in major source rocks in the three basins lead to different locations of oil-gas accumulation layers, different types and patterns of reservoirs and different features of reservoir formation. | ZHANG ShuiChang LIANG DiGang ZHU GuangYou ZHANG XingYang ZHANG BaoMin CHEN JianPing ZHANG Bin | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A01： | 22 |
| 6 | Natural gas origins of large and medium-scale gas fields in China sedimentary basins显示文摘China sedimentary basins present abundant natural gas resource thanks to its unique geological settings.Marine highly-matured hydrocarbon source rocks,widespread coal-measure strata and low temperature Quaternary saline strata,etc.,indicate the wide foreground of China natural gas resources. Up to now,most of the petroliferous basins have been discovered to have wholesale natural gas accumulation from Precambrian,Paleozoic,Mesozoic to Cenozoic in the east,the central,the west and the coast of China.These large and medium-scale gas reservoirs are mainly composed of hydrocarbon gas with big dry coefficient,tiny non-hydrocarbon,wide carbon isotope distribution and varying origin types,the hydrocarbon gas includes coal-formed gas,oil-formed gas,biogenic gas and inorganic gas, etc.Coal-formed gas is the main type of China natural gas resources,in particular several explored large-scale gas fields(>100 billion cubic meter)of Kela 2,Sulige and Daniudi,etc.,they all belong to coal-formed gas fields or the gas fields consisting mostly of coal-formed gas.Oil-formed gas is also abundant in China marine basins,for example marine natural gas of Sichuan Basin generated from crude oil cracking gas.Primary and secondary biogenic gas fields were discovered respectively in the Qaidam Basin and Western Slope of Songliao Basin.In addition,inorganic gases are mainly distributed in the eastern China,in particular the Songliao Basin with abundant carbon dioxide accumulation,indicating that the eastern China present large exploration potential of inorganic gas. | ZHANG ShuiChang &ZHU GuangYou Research Center of Research Institutes of PetroChina Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 21 |
| 7 | TSR promotes the formation of oil-cracking gases: Evidence from simulation experiments显示文摘TSR is an interaction between sulfate and hydrocarbons, occurring widely in carbonate reservoirs. Because this process can produce a large amount of noxious acidic gases like H2S, it has drawn seri- ous concern recently. This paper reports an experiment that simulated an interaction between different minerals and hydrocarbon fluids under different temperature and time using a confined gold-tube system. The results showed that the main mineral that initiates TSR is MgSO4, and adding a certain amount of NaCl into the reactive system can also promote TSR and yield more H2S. The H2S produced in TSR is an important incentive for the continuous oxidative degradation of crude oils. For instance, the yield of oil-cracking gases affected by TSR was twice of that not affected by TSR while the yield of TSR-affected methane was even higher, up to three times of that unaffected by TSR. The carbon iso- topes of wet gases also became heavier. All of the above illustrated that TSR obviously motivates the oxidative degradation of crude oils, which makes the gaseous hydrocarbon generation sooner and increases the gas dryness as well. The study on this process is important for understanding the TSR mechanism and the mechanism of natural gas generation in marine strata. | ZHANG ShuiChang SHUAI YanHua ZHU GuangYou | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，3： | 18 |
| 8 | Discrimination of abiogenic and biogenic alkane gases显示文摘We have combined the analytical data of the carbon isotope distribution pattern, R/Ra and CH4/3He values of abiogenic and biogenic (referring to the thermogenic and bacterial or microbial) alkane gases in China with those of alkane gases from USA, Russia, Germany, Australia and other countries. Four discrimination criteria are derived from this comparative study: 1) Carbon isotopic composition is generally greater than -30‰ for abiogenic methane and less than -30‰ for biogenic methane; 2) Abiogenic alkane gases have a carbon isotopic reversal trend (δ 13C1> δ 13C2> δ 13C3> δ 13C4) with δ 13C1>-30‰ in general; 3) Gases with R/Ra >0.5 and δ 13C11 δ 13C2>0 are of abiogenic origin; 4) Gases (meth- ane) with CH4/3He≤106 are of abiogenic origin, whereas gases with CH4/3He≥1011 are of biogenic origin. | DAI JinXing ZOU CaiNeng ZHANG ShuiChang LI Jian NI YunYan HU GuoYi LUO Xia TAO ShiZhen ZHU GuangYou MI JingKui LI ZhiSheng HU AnPing YANG Chun ZHOU QingHua SHUAI YanHua ZHANG Ying MA ChengHua | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，12： | 17 |
| 9 | The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H_2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir,China显示文摘Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribution prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing. | ZHU GuangYou ZHANG ShuiChang LIANG YingBo | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A01： | 17 |
| 10 | Formation Mechanism and Controlling Factors of Natural Gas Reservoirs of the Jialingjiang Formation in the East Sichuan Basin显示文摘The Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation reservoirs are distributed widely in the East Sichuan Basin,which are composed mainly of fractured reservoirs.However,natural gas with high concentration of H_2S,ranging from 4% to 7%,was discovered in the Woionghe Gas pool consisting primarily of porous reservoirs,while the other over 20 fractured gas reservoirs have comparatively low,tiny and even no H_2S within natural gases.Researches have proved the H_2S of the above reservoirs are all from the TSR origin.Most of the Jialingjiang Formation natural gases are mainly generated from Lower Permian carbonate rocks,the Wolonghe gas pool's natural gases are from the Upper Permian Longtan Formation,and the natural gases of the Huangcaoxia and Fuchengzhai gas pools are all from Lower Silurian mudstone.The formation of H_2S is controlled by the characteristics and temperature of reservoirs,and is not necessarily related with gas sources.The Jialingjiang Formation in East Sichuan is buried deeply and its reservoir temperature has ever attained the condition of the TSR reaction.Due to poor reservoir potential,most of the gas pools do not have enough room for hydrocarbon reaction except for the Wolonghe gas pool,and thus natural gases with high H_2S concentration are difficult to be generated abundantly.The south part of East Sichuan did not generate natural gases with high H_2S concentration because the reservoir was buried relatively shallow,and did not suffer high temperature.Hence,while predicting the distribution of H_2S,the characteristics and temperature of reservoirs are the necessary factors to be considerd besides the existence of anhydrite. | ZHU Guangyou ZHANG Shuichang LIANG Yingbo ZHOU Guoyuan WANG Zhengjun | 2007 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2007，81，5： | 16 |
| 11 | Control Factors and Diversities of Phase State of Oil and Gas Pools in the Kuqa Petroleum System显示文摘Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin,this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features.According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase,the petroleum system can be divided into five categories:oil reservoir,wet gas reservoir,condensate gas-rich reservoir,condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir.The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material,maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases.On the whole,the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression.The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount,but the impact is small.The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process,which closely relates with each other.Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process. | CHEN Ling ZHU Guangyou ZHANG Bin WEN Zhigang WANG Yonggang | 2012 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2012，86，2： | 16 |
| 12 | Simulated experiment evidences of the corrosion and reform actions of H_2S to carbonate reservoirs:an example of Feixianguan Formation,east Sichuan显示文摘The reservoir of Feixianguan Formation of the Lower Triassic in the Sichuan Basin is the deepest buried carbonate reservoir in China, with developed secondary corrosion holes, high quantities carbonate reservoir, maximum effective carbonate reservoir thickness. Also Feixianguan gas reservoir has the highest quantities of H2S. Research discovers that there are close relationships between the formation of reservoir and H2S. The mutual actions between acidity fluid and carbonate promoted the forming of secondary carbonate holes. Through the experiment of corrosion of the samples of Feixianguan carbonate reservoir in saturated aqueous solution of hydrogen sulfide, the porosity and permeability increased greatly, porosity increased 2% and permeability increased nearly two quantity degrees, also the density became light, which confirm the corrosion and reform actions of H2S to carbonate. | MA YongSheng GUO TongLou ZHU GuangYou CAI XunYu XIE ZengYe | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A01： | 15 |
| 13 | The genesis of H_2S in the Weiyuan Gas Field, Sichuan Basin and its evidence显示文摘The Sinian Dengying Formation gas pool in Weiyuan is the oldest large-scale sulfur-bearing gas field in China, which has a H2S content ranging from 0.8% to 1.4%. The Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation gas pool discovered recently above the Dengying Formation contains gas geochemical behaviors similar to those of Dengying Formation but different in sulfur isotopes of H2S. Investigations show that though these two Sinian and Cambrian gas pools are separate ones, they share the same Cambrian source rock. The higher dry coefficient, heavier carbon isotopes, sulfur isotopes of sulfide, lower filling of gas pools, formation water characteristics, reservoir properties and H2S distribution, indicate that H2S in both the Sinian and Cambrian gas pools originates from TSR. The sulfur isotopes of sulfates have shown that H2S was formed in respective pools, namely hydrocarbons charged into the pools reacted with the Dengying Formation and the Xixiangchi Formation gypsum (TSR), respectively, to form H2S. Compared with sulfur isotopes of sulfates in each pool, δ34S values of H2S are 8‰ lighter for the Dengying Formation pool and 12‰ lighter for the Xixiangchi Formation pool, respectively, which is attributed to the difference in temperatures of TSR occurrence. The reservoir temperature of the Xixiangchi Formation pool is about 40℃ lower than that of the Dengying Formation pool. Temperature plays a controlling role in both the sulfur isotopic fractionation and amounts of H2S generation during TSR. | ZHU GuangYou ZHANG ShuiChang LIANG YingBo LI QiRong | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，10： | 13 |
| 14 | Symbiosis of Marshes and Permafrost in Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains in Northeastern China显示文摘Recently,the degradation of permafrost and marsh environments in the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains has become a great concern as more human activities and pronounced climate warming were observed during the past 30 years and projected for the near future.The distribution patterns and development mechanisms of the permafrost and marshes have been examined both in theories and in field observations,in order to better understand the symbiosis of permafrost and marshes.The permafrost and marshes in the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains display discernible zonations in latitude and elevation.The marsh vegetation canopy,litter and peat soil have good thermal insulation properties for the underlying permafrost,resulting in a thermal offset of 3℃ to 4℃ and subsequently suppressing soil temperature.In addition,the much higher thermal conductivity of frozen and ice-rich peat in the active layer is condu-cive to the development or in favor of the protection of permafrost due to the semi-conductor properties of the soils overlying the permafrost.On the other hand,because permafrost is almost impervious,the osmosis of water in marsh soils can be effectively reduced,timely providing water supplies for helophytes growth or germination in spring.In the Da and Xiao Hinggan Mountains,the permafrost degradation has been accelerating due to the marked climate warming,ever increasing human activities,and the resultant eco-environmental changes.Since the permafrost and marsh envi-ronments are symbiotic and interdependent,they need to be managed or protected in a well-coordinated and integrated way. | JIN Huijun SUN Guangyou YU Shaopeng JIN Rui HE Ruixia | 2008 | Chinese Geographical Science2008，18，1： | 13 |
| 15 | Accumulation and Reformation of Silurian Reservoir in the Northern Tarim Basin显示文摘Silurian sandstone in Tarim Basin has good reservoir properties and active oil and gas shows,especially thick widely-distributed bituminous sandstone.Currently,the Silurian was found containing both bitumen and conventional reservoirs,with petroleum originating from terrestrial and marine source rocks.The diversity of their distribution was the result of 'three sources,three stages' accumulation and adjustment processes.'Three sources' refers to two sets of marine rocks in Cambrian and Middle-Upper Ordovician,and a set of terrestrial rock formed in Triassic in the Kuqa depression.'Three stages' represents three stages of accumulation,adjustment and reformation occurring in Late Caledonian,Late Hercynian and Late Himalayan,respectively.The study suggests that the Silurian bitumen is remnants of oil generated from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks and accumulated in the sandstone reservoir during Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian and Late Hercynian stages,and then damaged by the subsequent two stages of tectonic uplift movements in Early Hercynian and Pre-Triassic.The authors presumed that the primary paleo-reservoirs formed during these two stages might be preserved in the Silurian in the southern deep part of the Tabei area.Except for the Yingmaili area where the Triassic terrestrial oil was from the Kuqa Depression during Late Himalayan Stage,all movable oil reservoirs originated from marine sources.They were secondary accumulations from underlying Ordovician after structure reverse during the Yanshan-Himalayan stage.Oil/gas shows mixed-source characteristics,and was mainly from Middle-Upper Ordovician.The complexity and diversity of the Silurian marine primary properties were just defined by these three stages of oil-gas charging and tectonic movements in the Tabei area. | ZHU Guangyou CUI Jie SU Jin YANG Haijun ZHANG Bin HU Jianfeng ZHU Yongfeng | 2012 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2012，86，1： | 13 |
| 16 | A discussion on gas sources of the Feixianguan Formation H_2S-rich giant gas fields in the northeastern Sichuan Basin显示文摘In recent years several H2S-rich oolite giant gas pools have been discovered in the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation of the northeastern Sichuan basin, and their explored gas reserves have been over 5000×108 m3. However, gas sources remain unsolved due to multiple source horizons with high maturity in this area and TSR alterations. By integrating analytical data of natural gas samples with conprehensive investigations on many factors, such as oil-gas geology, distribution and evolution of source rocks, charging and adjustment of gas pools, mixture of natural gases and secondery alterations, the present study concluded that the dominant source for the Feixianguan Fr. gas pools is the Permian Longtan Fr. source rock and secondly the Silurian Longmaxi Fr. source rock. Natural gases from the various gas pools differ genetically due to the matching diversity of seal configurations with phases of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion by different source rocks, among which natural gases in Puguang Gasfield are dominated by the trapped gas generated from the Longtan Fr. source rock and commingled with the gas cracked from the Silurian crude oil, while those in Dukouhe, Tieshangpo and Luojiazhai Gasfields are composed mainly of the Silurian oil-cracking gas and commingled with the natural gas derived from the Longtan Fr. source rock. | ZHANG ShuiChang ZHU GuangYou CHEN JianPing LIANG YingBo | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，A01： | 12 |
| 17 | Topic enhanced deep structured semantic models for knowledge base question answering显示文摘Knowledge Base Question Answering(KBQA) is a hot research topic in natural language processing(NLP). The most challenging problem in KBQA is how to understand the semantic information of natural language questions and how to bridge the semantic gap between the natural language questions and the structured fact triples in knowledge base. This paper focuses on simple questions which can be answered by a single fact triple in knowledge base. We propose a topic enhanced deep structured semantic model for KBQA. The proposed method considers the task of KBQA as a matching problem between questions and the subjects and predicates in knowledge base. And the proposed model consists of two stages to match the subjects and predicates, respectively. In the first stage, we propose a Convolutional based Topic Entity Extraction Model(CTEEM) to extract topic entities mentioned in questions. With the extracted entities, we can retrieve the relevant candidate fact triples from knowledge base and obviously decrease the amount of noising candidates. In the second stage, we employ Deep Structured Semantic Models(DSSMs) to compute the semantic relevant score between questions and predicates in the candidates. And we combine the semantic level and the lexical level scores to rank the candidates. We evaluate the proposed method on KBQA dataset released by NLPCC-ICCPOL 2016. The experimental results show that our proposed method achieves the third place among the 21 submitted systems.Furthermore, we also extend the DSSM by using Bi LSTM and integrate a convolutional structure on the top of Bi LSTM layers. Our experimental results show that the extension models can further improve the performance. | Zhiwen XIE Zhao ZENG Guangyou ZHOU Weijun WANG | 2017 | Science China(Information Sciences)2017，60，11： | 10 |
| 18 | Detection of 2-thiaadamantanes in the oil from Well TZ-83 in Tarim Basin and its geological implication显示文摘Thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR)causes increasing of sulfur content in the oils,reduction of oil quality,and produces a toxic and corrosive H2S which may take great adverse effect on health and equipment.Although there are several ways to identify presence of TSR in gas field,yet in the case of oil with low H2S content,it is still very difficult to identify TSR.2-thiaadamantanes is one of the most effective indicators of TSR.This paper for the first time discovers 2-thiaadamantanes in the oil from Well TZ-83 in Tarim Basin.A silver nitrate silica gel chromatography was used to enrich the oil from low 2-thiaadamantanes content to the level that GC/MS and GC/MS/MS can detect.2-thiaadamantanes were assigned by comparison of mass spectra with published data,and the fragmental ions in mass spectra were confirmed by MRM mode of GC/MS/MS.H2S gas produced in Tazhong area is thought to be gen-erated from TSR since 2-thiaadamantanes were present in the oil. | JIANG NaiHuang ZHU GuangYou ZHANG ShuiChang WANG ZhengJun | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，3： | 9 |
| 19 | Origin and Distribution of Hydrogen Sulfide in Oil-Bearing Basins,China显示文摘The concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas (H2S) varies greatly in the oil-bearing basins of China, from zero to 90%. At present, oil and gas reservoirs with high H2S concentration have been discovered in three basins, viz. the Bohai Bay Basin, Sichuan Basin and the Tarim Basin, whereas natural gas with low H2S concentration has been found in the Ordos Basin, the Songliao Basin and the Junggar Basin. Studies suggest that in China H2S origin types are very complex. In the carbonate reservoir of the Sichuan Basin, the Ordos Basin and the Tarim Basin, as well as the carbonate-dominated reservoir in the Luojia area of the Jiyang depression in the Bohai Bay Basin, Wumaying areas of the Huanghua depression, and Zhaolanzhuang areas of the Jizhong depression, the H2S is of Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR) origin. The H2S is of Bacterial Sulphate Reduction (BSR) origin deduced from the waterflooding operation in the Changheng Oilfield (placanticline oil fields) in the Songliao Basin. H2S originates from thermal decomposition of sulfur-bearing crude oil in the heavy oil area in the Junggar Basin and in the Liaohe heavy oil steam pilot area in the western depression of the Bohai Bay Basin. The origin types are most complex, including TSR and thermal decomposition of sulfcompounds among other combinations of causes. Various methods have been tried to identify the origin mechanism and to predict the distribution of H2S. The origin identification methods for H2S mainly comprise sulfur and carbon isotopes, reservoir petrology, particular biomarkers, and petroleum geology integrated technologies; using a combination of these applications can allow the accurate identification of the origins of H2S. The prediction technologies for primary and secondary origin of H2S have been set up separately. | ZHU Guangyou ZHANG Shuichang LIANG Yingbo | 2009 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2009，83，6： | 8 |
| 20 | Color in machine vision and its application显示文摘Color is the phenomenon of human visual perception and the module of machine vision. Color information is widely used in the areas of virtual reality and human-computer interaction. Color is the product of a visual environment, illumination and the human brain. Research on color information representation and its processing is typically interdisciplinary. Based on our research work on human color perception and machine color vision and its application, we summarized the hotspots of color studies in recent developments and new approaches to color vision, including basic theories and the application of color information in virtual reality, content-based image retrieval, and face recognition. | Linmi Tao Guangyou Xu | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，17： | 7 |
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